Journal of University of Raparin

Dimensions of Character pedestal in the Novel "Nights of Adam" by Bayan Salman

Mariwan Omer Hassan — 2023-09-29

Undoubtedly, Characters are of great significance in novels cannot be written without them. Characters are comprised of a numbers of dimensions which play an important role in making the characters. This thesis attempts to analyze the dimensions of making the characters in the novel using a descriptive analysis method.

Our research consists of two chapters. The first part entitled” theorized the concepts of the research”, an account is given regarding the main terms of the study including “dimensions, character, the process of making character, and the types of character in novels”. The second part entitled “the dimensions of character pedestal in the novel "Nights of Adam" by Bayan Salman”.

Ambush and Meteorology in the Noble Qur’an: A grammatical semantic study

Israa Yaseen Hassan — 2023-09-29

It became clear to me that the terms stalking and stalking in the Holy Qur’an came with two different connotations from each other, and even the forms in which these two words appeared were grammatically different. Indeed, stalking is mentioned in the past tense, present tense, imperative, noun and infinitive as well, and it is frequently used in the Holy Qur’an, in When I found (Rasd) and its derivatives are few in roses, and its uses are more named. Also, stalking came in some verses of legislative provisions, and that stalking has a meaning more than the meaning of waiting, and it is the most common meaning because it falls in the commendable and unpleasant matter. This difference is essential between them, because the forces of stalking are stronger than the forces of stalking.

A Pragmatic Study of Overstatement in Kurdish Proverbs

Bekhal Latif Muhedeen — 2023-09-29

Language has been a communication tool from early human history up to date. It is by using this significant tool that events and traditions have remained from the forefathers of every nation. An instance of the remained treasures of history is the items of folklore, in essence, proverbs, which is the subject of the current study. Admittedly, proverbs of any language comprise numerous figures of speech. This paper entitled “A Pragmatic Study of Overstatement in Kurdish Proverbs” is an extract from an MA thesis which pragmatically investigates the trope of overstatement in Kurdish proverbs. Introducing the two items related to the topic, namely, the proverb is an item of folklore inherited by the generations of every nation from their ancestors, which mostly gives a lesson. The trope, which in the current study is to be investigated inside the Kurdish proverbs, overstatement, is said to be, as the word itself suggests, an overly stated statement. Usually what is explained is given coloring and excessive importance or it is embellished more than its normal being. The study aims to investigate the aforementioned trope in some selected proverbs of the Kurdish language from a pragmatic perspective. This is to be conducted by adopting the eclectic model of Braim (2014). In light of the results, the trope was found to be present in seven proverbs from the data provided. The trope's most recurrent pragmatic forms and functions are seen to be adverbs and emphasis. Pragmatically, it is affirmed that overstatement has implicature in every analyzed instance during the analysis of the current study.

The level of use of e-learning in social sciences lessons in primary schools in Sulaimani from the perspective of teachers

Fareeda Muhammad Mahmood — 2023-09-29

The aim of the researchers is to determine the level of use of e-learning in social sciences lessons in primary schools in Sulaimani from the perspective of teachers for the academic year (2021-2022). The researchers relied on the descriptive analytical method according to the nature of the research. The study population consists of all social science teachers in primary schools of the third circle in both eastern and western education of Sulaimani, which numbered (148) schools. The sample consists of (254) teachers in both eastern and western education of Sulaimani (151) He was a female teacher, The survey form was created based on an open survey for some of the teachers of the research sample and sources and research related to this topic and then published in the research community to collect different opinions of social science teachers in both education, The content of the survey form consisted of a number of scientific and educational topics, After preparing the tool and determining the accuracy of the measure according to the opinion of experts. Then to determine the stability of the survey form, based on the method of halving and alpha-Cronbach stability of the tool was determined The sample of the study was implemented using statistical equations, with the analysis of variables (gender, academic degree, specialty and years of service) using the program (SPSS). In order to show the difference. The researchers has found that the level of e-learning in social sciences in terms of teachers is generally at a high level, and there is no statistic difference in the level of e-learning among social science teachers according to gender variated. There is no statistical difference in the use of e-learning among social science teachers according to the specialty variable, however, the results show that there is a statistical difference in the use of e-learning among social science teachers according to the variable years of service.

Afrocentric Study of Black Female Identity in Alice Childress’s Wine in the Wilderness

Shokhan Rasool Ahmed — 2023-09-29

African American playwrights always tend to manifest their African heritage and culture (Afrocentrism) through their plays. In other words, Afrocentrism means African centered-ness. Afrocentrism or Afrocentricity basically focuses on Africans and places African history, heritage and culture at the heart of any analysis. One of the Afrocentric writers is Alice Childress whose texts generally center on the devastating effects of racial discrimination, sexism and classism on women of colour.

This study is principally concerned with the one-act play of Alice Childress, Wine in the Wilderness, which was written in 1964 and was first performed in 1969 in Boston, Massachusetts, as part of the series, “On Being Black”. In Wine in the Wilderness, Childress is bound by history and tradition since several references can be found in the play that considers Africa as a homeland and wellspring of strength. This paper investigates some questions such as: how does Alice Childress employ the Afrocentric value in the play? What is the purpose of Afrocentrism in the play? Who best represents Afrocentrism throughout the play? This paper delineates that Tommy, as an undereducated heroine and as a true Afrocentrist female in the play, is proud of her black culture and her blackness.

Case theory in Kurdish and Arabic A comparative study

Rezan Mahmood Hamasalh — 2023-09-29

This research has been written under the title: The Grammatical Case in Kurdish and Arabic Languages: A Comparative Study. The research aims to identify points of similarities and differences between the grammatical case in Standard Arabic and Kurdish language (Sorani dialect/Sulaymaniyah subdialect).

The importance of the research lies in its usage - for the first time – of the modern transformational generative theory to compare Kurdish and Arabic languages. The research – with excluding the summary and introduction - consists of two axes: The first axis talks about the principles of the grammatical case model. As for the second axis deals with grammatical case patterns and their application in the two mentioned languages.

The search ends with displaying the results and a list of sources and references.

The argumentasion and its relationship to the conceptual field

Dlsoz Jaafer Husain — 2023-09-29

Al_Hajjaj considers argumentation an essential topic of modern linguistics، It is one of the linguistic activities on which the speaker، writer or orator depends. In modern linguistics studies، Al _Hajjaj has become an independent theory and is considered one of the deliberative investigations. It also represents a prominent and fundamental role in various sciences such as (philosophy، logic، politics and law... etc) and he has permanent presence among those sciences. In these few pages، I tried to stand on the meaning and concept of Al_Hajjaj from the linguistic and idiomatic stand points، and then stand on its relationship to his conceptual field. as it showed for Al_Hajjaj from the moral side as well as the bilateral relationship between each of the terms.

Persuasion strategies in the KRG health discourse.

Sherwan Hussen Hamed — 2023-09-29

The act has of Persuasion has existed since ancient times. At every stage of life, People have tried to Persuade others in various techniques and methods .This process, has covered all areas of life and continues. The producer of discourse requires technique, expertise and skill to convince the other person. Of course, this is done through language, so during the outbreak of the coronavirus, speakers were trying to convince people to follow convince people to follow the health guidelines. Because health discourse is directly related to the life of every individual in society, it is duty of the government and authorities to protect society and prevent the spread of any disease. Therefore, during the outbreak of this global epidemic around the world and Kurdistan, especially the discourses were devoted to the health and prevention of citizens. Because if health discourse is controlled by scientific opinion, it is in terms of social reality and the types of choices of methods and descriptions by which the virus is known, It is not controlled by the speakers, because each uses a persuasive method to convey his intention.

The power of attraction in the pragmatic level at the functional theory

Darun Abdulrahman Salih — 2023-09-29

The title of the research is (The power of attraction in the pragmatic level at the functional theory), the research method is (analytical description), and we have taken the research materials from the everyday language of people. The importance of this study is that it highlights the process of attraction at one of the most important levels of language, the pragmatic level within the framework of function theory, which speakers constantly resort to in everyday life in order to express their meanings and intentions. This research is divided into two parts, the first part is (the force of attraction in the act of speaking), which we have explained this process theoretically, in this section we have discussed the factors affecting the force of attraction among speakers It is in the process of attractive force. The second section is entitled (Attraction at the Pragmatic Level Related to Function Theory). In this section, we have focused on these topics (Function Theory, Schools of Function Theory, Principles of Function Theory, Attraction from the Perspective of Function Theory). We have worked hard on it.

The conclusions of this study showed that the Language is a major factor in the process of attraction, and attraction is an intentional act used by the speaker for a specific purpose A number of important factors such as (psychological, religious, political, etc.) are done for the success of the process. Attraction can be used positively or negatively, attraction can be in the interest of the agent and the agent, or vice versa. The theory of the function of attraction is one of the most important functions of language, which can be used by the speaker to influence the other person. Linking words, sentences and expressions to the environment is considered a major step to create a message effect on the other person, and a point to link the process of attraction to the pragmatic level, because the environment is a basis of pragmatic principles They depend on the context of use, as task theory has also pointed out.

Ibrahim bin Haider Al-Haidari: (Died: 1157 AH) His Method and Opinions through his Interpretation of Surat Al-Ikhlas

Jamil Ali Rasool Surchy — 2023-09-29

This research deals with the efforts of a prominent Scientist of the Haidari family, who served Islam for nearly three hundred years, and stayed up nights in order to receive the satisfaction of Allah Almighty, they wrote many books on various sciences and fields which they left a great legacy, so if we compare their books with their lives, it is clear that they did not fulfill their age in vain. Among those Scientists is Ibrahim bin Haider al-Haidari (died: 1157 AH), may Allah have mercy on him-who compiled many books of science related to theology, which is considered as a basis of religion, and also in the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an through two parts, but it did not remain and became one of its lost traces, this research in question deals with the approach and opinions of the researcher Ibrahim bin Haider Al-Haydari through his elucidation of the Surat Al-Ikhlas which amends one-third of the Qur’an. Through his explanation of this surah, al-Haidari clarified the aspects related to faith and explained them in terms of language, logic, mysticism, and Sufism.

The Role of Social Relationships in Feeling Happy Empirical Study in Erbil

Mahmood Kareem Saleem Bamandy — 2023-09-29

The aim of this research is to knowledge levels of commitment to social relationships and feeling happy in the research sample and know the evidence between commitment to social relations and feeling happy according to research variables such as ( gender, age, occupation, economic status, marital status), with the nature of the relation ships between social relations and the feeling of happiness in order to reach the goal of the research, the researcher in a field collected in formation and used the descriptive approach in collecting information in a sample of 384 people in the center of Erbil governorate and randomly through multi-stage cluster samples and from this point of view two measures were used in addition to (gender, age, occupation, economic situation, social situation) are 32 questions and special paragraphs from the measure of social relations and 22 paragraphs for the measure of feeling happy, The research reached the following results: There is a statistically significant variation of both social relations and the feeling of happiness according to variables (gender, age, marital status) but according to the variable of occupation there is a variation of the measure of social relations but the measure of feeling happy there is no variation, but according to the variable of (economic status) there is no statistically significant variation of social relations but for the measure of feeling happy there is a statistical variation, with a statistically significant relationship between the variables of social relations and feeling happy.

Investigating ESP Courses at Salahaddin University-Erbil from the Instructors’ Perceptions: A Qualitative Study

Yasmeen Hussein Ramadhan — 2023-09-29

The current study aims to investigate the ESP courses at Salahaddin University-Erbil to identify the current situation of ESP programs and highlight the main challenges encountered by ESP instructors. The study hypothesizes that when the methodology and the principles of ESP are implemented appropriately in the courses at Salahaddin University, the teaching/learning process is likely to be more efficient. Moreover, when the ESP instructors understand the nature of ESP teaching, the quality of ESP courses can be improved. To achieve the aim of the study, the researchers employed a 20-question semi-structured interview for data collection; the study instrument was divided into several parts including instructors’ knowledge and expertise, conceptualizing the concept and the objectives of ESP, the nature of implementing the stages of ESP course design, the nature of collaboration, and instructors’ perceptions about the main issues. The sample of the study consisted of (7) instructors of ESP courses in non-English majors departments at Salahaddin University- Erbil. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively focusing on specific certain themes. Moreover, the results indicated that the ESP courses taught at Salahaddin University-Erbil did not meet the requirements of ESP courses. Besides, the instructors highlighted some main problems that led to the failure to achieve the objectives of the course; the reasons are the students’ poor linguistic level, time constraints, lack of background knowledge and linguistic literacy, large classes, and students’ low motivation.

The principle of legal security and its impact on the retroactivity of the annulment ruling

Mustafa Rasoul Hussain — 2023-09-29

The principle of legal security is one of the basic principles of public law; Because it is an essential foundation for the existence of the law. Legal security in general is consistent with the principle of legality and one of its basic features. Legal security is concerned with ensuring the stability of the legal rules regulating the affairs of individuals, the clarity of legal rules and the necessity of informing the addressees of them easily and easily, and the state’s commitment not to surprise or surprise individuals with its laws or regulatory decisions that go against their expectations. legitimate.

If the general principle established with regard to the effect of the annulment ruling is that it applies retroactively, and all the effects created by the annulment must be erased; This is to give priority to the principle of legality over the principle of legal security. However, the application of the principle of the retroactive effect of the abolition ruling on its release may be problematic for the public interest, and this calls for the necessity of balancing both (the principle of legality and the principle of legal security) in a way that achieves the public interest without compromising the rights of individuals and their legitimate expectations. For this purpose, the comparative administrative judiciary tends to restrict the retroactive effect of the annulment ruling.

Muhamad Khudhair's novel " Kurasat Kanun" A Study of Multi-Authoritative Power

Kawther M. Ahmad — 2023-09-29

The research tackles a studying in the microphysics of power or authority in accordance to its modern form by Michel Foucault (1926-1984) who is regarded among the great philosophers in the second half of twentieth century. The research takes a modern literary text (as it's shown in the title) to trace the hidden and announced struggles among these contexts، and it also discusses the efficiency of this foucauldian concept in the terms of narratology.

It، further، shows the theory of fissionable spreading of authority with its main four implications including the cover as sphere for power، the core of authority and its forms، the mechanisms of opposing authority، and criticizing the authority and its institutions and exposing their discourses. Finally، the research displays the concluded points through analysis، and via both horizontal and vertical reading for the narratorial extracts from the novel، then it ends up with footnotes، works cited، and sources.

The impact of social relations on Job performance in government institutions

Aram Ibrahem Hussen — 2023-09-29

The aim of this study is to find out the effect of social relationships among employees of public institutions on the performance of their duties, as well as to present the level of social relationships of employees inside and outside the institutions. Then, based on the data obtained from the survey of 270 units, and then analyzed the data with statistical tools, it was concluded that informal social relationships have an impact on the performance of employees. There are also differences between men and women in the level of social relationships of employees outside the institutions.

Mass Control and The Abuse of Technology in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451.

Brwa Ridha Ahmed — 2023-09-29

This article shows a kind of dystopian culture that controls citizens differently. Fahrenheit 451 is a genre which is possible to research and analyze; particularly the author attempts to ridicule society while simultaneously serving as a warning to the audience by illustrating what may happen to the world. It portrays an image of a totalitarian dystopia. Also, this novel was written by an author who was famous in the world and had a noble prize. On the other way, the abuse of technology is the other main issue in this paper, which is used for controlling people and spying on them.

Women Friendship and Oppression by Men in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus

Zhyan Omar Hassan — 2023-09-29

Feminism, which has many types and waves, is an awareness of women's oppression in society and within the family through conscious actions to change this injustice condition and achieve equality for women. This study uses feminist literary criticism to analyze Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus. The study questions the oppression of women by men in Nigerian society as well as how women's friendship with each other develops their empowerment. It also demonstrates how the novel's female characters reflect the oppression of women. therefore, as the story develops, attempts will be made in order to show how African women are seen based on the real and good women as portrayed by Ifeoma and Beatrice. Moreover, it reveals that Adichie's method for confronting male oppression implies that, despite the difficulties they face, women are able to identify themselves and achieve their goals in the male-dominant world through education and friendship.

Teaching conversational skill in the Arabic language department at Raparin University, problems and solutions

Adnan Amen Muhammed — 2023-09-29

This research, which is part of my master's thesis, aims to clarify the linguistic problems (grammar, morphology and sound) in the process of teaching conversational skill in the Department of Arabic Language at Raparin University, with proposing solutions that the researcher thinks are likely to solve those problems, and the researcher's work To know these problems by teaching the speaking skill for a full academic year (2021-2022 AD) and using two study tools, namely: the oral test card and the questionnaire), accompanied by the subject’s professor (Twana Qader Saber Al-Khalkani).

The participation of koye Muhammed Mala (the big Mullah) in the political field

Yasin Xalid Hassan — 2023-09-29

Malai Gawra (Mala Mohammadi Koi) is the son of Mala Abdullah, the son of Mala Asaad, the son of Mala Abdulrahman whose family is known as (Jali Zada). He was born in Koya in 1876 and died in 1943. Through a brief look at the history of this family which takes more than 500 years we realize that they have played a great role and participated in social and political events of their time. During 67 years of Malai Gawra's life he witnessed and took part in three different changes and historical stages such as, the end of Ottoman empire era (Abdul Hamid II, Itihad and Taraqi, the English invasion of Kurdistan and Iraq, and the monarchy era in Iraq; Faisal I and his son Ghazi).

This study aims at analyzing the outlook and participation of Malai Gawra in the political matters and events of his era along with analyzing three foremost stages and political events he contributed in through analytical and descriptive methods.

Intertextuality in Qubadi Jalizadah's Poetic Texts

Ibrahim Mohammed Ibrahim — 2023-09-29

This research is in titled (Intertextuality in Qubadi Jalizadah's Poetic Texts) it’s an attempt to introduce concepts, terms, and the significance of Intertextuality in literary texts. Therefore, intertextuality is an obvious feature of a text. Thus, no text is a separate and independent realm, except the other texts. However, every text is in dialectical contact with other texts. On the other hand, it opens doors towards dialogic among texts. In the meantime, intertextuality displays the level of awareness and creativity of the writer, and to what extent they have an intellectual, cultural, and philosophical background. The aim of this research is to show and identify the types of intertextualities in the poet's poems, in accordance with the applicable Mechanism and regulations of intertextuality, including "quotation, borrowing, and dialogic". In this study, a descriptive-analysis method has been followed. The results of the study show that the poet has benefited greatly from global and national thought and culture. From this standpoint, many types of intertextualities can be noticed in his poems, in the form of textual images (self, historical, cultural, poems of other poets, and religious) in a way that he has been able to rewrite new and vivid poetic texts and take the world of his poems further forward.

Estimating the demand function for electrical services for the family sector in Erbil governorate

Zakia Abdalmnem Qoja — 2023-09-29

This study aimed to estimate the function of demand for electric energy in the domestic sector in the Erbil governorate for the year 2022. The importance of the study comes from the fact that electric power is of great importance in the domestic sector, The electrical sector has an impact on all different areas of life. And by showing the factors affecting the increase in the demand for domestic electricity, where the domestic sector is one of the most important and most consumers of electric energy. The study relied on the deductive approach to study the determinants of demand for household electrical energy by collecting data through a questionnaire for a sample of families in Erbil governorate. And then using standard models to determine the quantitative relationship between expenditure on household electrical energy with its determinants. The study reached a number of conclusions, including: The results of estimating the determinants of demand for electrical energy in Erbil governorate are (monthly income, number of family members, housing area, educational level, presence of students in the family, number of appliances in the house, working hours Appliances in the house, the mechanism of confrontation against the separation of electrical loads, the determining factors for reducing the demand for electricity), where the estimated coefficients signals were in agreement with the economic theory and at high levels of significance. The study concluded with a number of proposals, including: rationalizing the consumption of electrical energy by using mechanisms, spreading awareness and increasing the consumption culture among members of society. Work on the commitment to pay the monthly bills, In addition to paying the accumulated bills, Using legitimate electricity and not working on electricity theft, Interest by the government and families in using renewable energy such as solar panels and wind turbines.

Economic and social well-being from the perspective of Islamic economics – a conducted study on Erbil Governorate for the year 1443 AH / 2022 AD

Saadallah Hamadameen Abdulkarim — 2023-09-29

According to Islamic economics، achieving economic and social well-being entails creating a society based on righteousness and piety that is interdependent، cooperative، and has a high standard of living for its citizens. This is what we see in Islamic societies and throughout different Islamic historical periods، as long as Zakat(Alms )، which is the primary driver of prosperity in this study، continues to eradicate poverty، affliction، and drudgery. Alms، is viewed as a continual financial and living guarantee for every Muslim person and his economic and social well-being through all changes in time، place، and current being. Alms (Zakah) expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [zakah] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler - an obligation [imposed] by Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Wise)At-Tawbah-60:

The balance between text and image in TV news editing The example of the 8:00 PM news bulletin on NRT & K24 Analytical and comparative research

Yohan Othman Hama — 2023-09-29

This research entitled (The Balance between text and image in TV news editing) is an attempt to clarify the balance between two main elements, which are text and image in the TV news editing process on Kurdish satellite channels. The research explores how TV channels use text-image balance in news broadcasting.

The main objective of this study is exploring the methods of balancing between text and image in news editing. The researcher relies on descriptive and content analysis methods to achieve its objectives. The research follows some methods of collecting data including monitoring and note-taking, interviews, surveys.

The main finding of this research is: K24 keeps balance between text and image in news stories related to political, economic, partisan, governmental, military, environmental, and religious. In contrast, NRT follows balancing only in news stories involving governmental, partisan, and organizational. The results show that K24 is using balance more than NRT. This research also shows that both channels are working on that breaking news and current affairs by using description and showing the images when available. In their news editing they show the same angles and frames that are new and they use different sources. They use more (Cut effect) in editing, which is one of the crucial and suitable effects of news editing on TV.

The The Relationship Between Public International Law And Domestic Law In The International Perspective and the Effects on it due to Globalization

Shaheen Qasim Hasan — 2023-09-29

This research, titled "The Relationship between Public International Law and Domestic law in the Perspective of Treaties and International Caselaw and the Effects of Globalization - Analytical Study-" tries to highlight the relationship between public international law and domestic law from the point of view of international treaties and international caselaw, through the judgments of international arbitration, Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice, as well as the positions of international criminal tribunals, and it examines the changes in this relationship as a result of the effects of globalization.

Through this endeavor, it was concluded that the position of international treaties has been and continues to prevail over domestic laws when there is a conflict or collision between their rules, and along with international legal provisions, there is an abundant caselaw that have supported the position of international treaties in this regard. Moreover, globalization has affected the relationship between public international law and domestic law by trying to unify international legal rules and domestic laws, and then work to build a unified legal block that is not assigned to a specific geographical spot.

The relationship between Iran and Russia1848-1896 A research about the political relationship.

Nashmil Sabr Abdullah — 2023-09-29

The failure of Iran's in the wars against Russia, then the agreement of Gulistan in 1813 and the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828 which caused the increase of Russian authority in Iran, according to that agreement Russia got the right to take a number of privileges ،imposition of border agreement and open some consulates. The Russians were able to act as they wished. Iran's authority didn't matter much in managing their plans and works, they followed complete independence. Any protest by Iranian officials and senior officials politically and militarily, Russia would have tried to resolve it through bribes and promises. The result of all the wars and agreements between them was just a big loss and fine by Iran, A wide area of Iran become part under Russian control. this left an impact on all sides especially the capitalist law after it was implemented in Iran. The arrival of( Alexander Griboyedoff) as Russian ambassador in the era of Fath- Ali Shah and then killing the ambassador are clear evidence of Russia's illegal interference in the affairs of that country. Russia was always trying to expand its powers in Iran against its rivals especially Britain. For this reason, whenever getting any privileges by Britain in the same way Russia was trying to get the same privileges. The conflict between Russia and Britain in Iran and their attempts to establish power and more getting their interests were the direct reason for their strengthening and interfering in iran's internal and external affairs.

Mother tongue and second language learning methods

Sajida Khalid Ahmad — 2023-09-29

The manuscript of the scholar Mullah Abd al-Rahman al-Binjwini on the (Jama' Al-jawame') From the topic of (All) from the topics of (Al-letters) to (General)

Dler Ali Salih — 2023-09-29

This study attempts to investigate part of a valuable manuscript on the book (Jama' Al-jawame') in the Science of Fundamentals of Jurisprudence (Elm Usul al-Fiqih) by the scholar Mulla Abdul Rahman Al-Binjwini (died in:1319m)، From the topic of (Al-kul) from the topics of (Al-Huruf) to (al-Aam)، Relying on three copies of the manuscript with the author's life، study of the book، the author's approach to the manuscript، a description of the written versions، my work in the investigation، and at the end the list of sources and references.

Natural abilities for Agricultural Development in Shaqlawa District

Hashim Hamadamin Hadad — 2023-09-29

Shaqlawa District, one of the districts of Erbil Governorate, which plays an important role in the agricultural sector, as it possesses a range of important natural resources that have a direct impact on agricultural development in the district. The main objective of the research is to present the natural ability of the region and its role in development between 2010 and 2020 and to show its positive and negative role in the process In order to obtain the goal of the research, we relied on the data and statistics of the Directorate of Agriculture of Arbil and the Division of Agriculture (Shaqlawa, Harir and Balisan) and the researcher relied on the preparation of research maps on geographic information systems (GIS) and finally we reached the following conclusion, the natural capabilities authorized by the region have a direct impact on the production of a large quantity of agricultural products annually.

Examining the indicators of the relationship between Psychological Resilience and Burnout among psychosocial counsellors who work at the prisons of the Kurdistan Region – Iraq

Karmand Aziz Ali — 2023-09-29

In the initial observations of the performance of prison staff, the researchers find out that psychosocial counsellors who work at the prisons face psychological stress when dealing with prisoners. The prisoners have different characteristics and personalities from individuals outside prisons due to the nature of life and dealings inside prisons. Having stress could reflect negatively on the counsellor’s work and professional performance, which may raise the possibility of exposure to psychological pressure and loss of interest in work in general, this case may consider one of the indicators of psychological combustion. The current research aims to identify the relationship between psychological resilience and burnout among psychosocial counsellors in the Kurdistan Region prisons, the research sample was 100 counsellors, (78 males and 22 females). To measure psychological resilience Holling scale (1996) developed by Maltby (2016) that included three dimensions was used. Maslach’s (1981) scale, which included three dimensions, was used to measure burnout. To analyze the data, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach alpha, one- and two-way t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. The results show that psychosocial counsellors have high levels of psychological resilience. However, they recorded low levels of psychological burnout. In addition, resilience and burnout significantly correlated negatively. There are insignificant differences in psychological resilience depending on gender. Yet, females recorded higher levels in the field of Emotional exhaustion for burnout than males, while the differences between males and females on depersonalization, and personal accomplishment components were insignificant.

The Kurdish Armed Struggle in Turkey and the Scope of International Law

Rebaz R. Khdir — 2023-09-29

The Kurdish issue is one of the complex issues in the Middle East region that has along bloody history. Although the issue is originally related to the sovereignty of the Kurds over their historical land, the geopolitical changes has transformed it into the question of identity and group rights in the states into which they are divided. Turkey is one of the region’s new states where the majority of Kurds reside in today but the state denies their distinct ethnic identity in its constitution and laws and they have consequently been deprived of all collective civil and political rights in the form of democratic autonomy. Meanwhile, the Kurds have a distinct historical tradition, cultural homogeneity, linguistic unity and territorial connection which ultimately make them qualify as a people and according to modern international law, all peoples have the right to self-determination at least in an internal context. In contrast to the state denial and tyrannical policy, the Kurds have not kept their silence but resisted the state. In their resistance, they have tried to resort to peaceful means in the form of demands and agreements and in contemporary times through political and civil parties and organizations but the state has not and does not allow such a movement. This article attempts to illustrate the origins of the issues which are rights and freedoms of the Kurds on the bases of a discriptive analytical method, alongside the recognition of the Kurdish struggle in Turkey as terrorism by the international community under the influence of Turkish media and diplomacy.

'Rebellion as an Avant-Garde Spirit in Handren's Poetry

Hazhar Ahmed Abdulghafur — 2023-09-29

The leadership of authors and artists has long been a significant issue, concerning the existence and nature of art and literature. Also, it has always been discussed that literature and art are concerning issues, inventing new things, and having perspectives that ordinary people are not capable to feel, know or do them. Thus, there has always been a sort of differentiation or specialty among artists. In the modern era, this has been known as being avant-garde. The present study is entitled 'Rebellion as an Avant-Garde Spirit in Handren's Poetry'. It is an attempt to explain and explore the avant-garde character of the poet. The study attempts to manifest avant-gardism in the rebellious character of the poet. To do so, the study analyzes the sociopolitical background of the poet's life. This has been done by using the analytical descriptive method. Through collecting and analyzing the data, the research found and can argue that the author is criticizing society and the views on Kurdish political tradition. He, therefore, can be assumed as an embodiment of an avant-garde spirit.

Effects of (Red Bull) energy drink in developing some physical capacities and heart rate in Koya University handball team

Tawana Shaker Issa — 2023-09-29

This study aimed to the followings:

Identifying the level of some of the functional and physical talents possessed by the players that were selected from Koya University.
An introduction to the effects that alcohol (red bull) has on some of the functional and physical capacities of a selected group of Koya University athletes

The research hypothesis was:

There are significant differences between the pre and post- test results in some physical aspects and heart rate.

Performance trial-design via experimental approach was used for its suitability with the research problem. Handball players were chosen from Koya University consisting of six players. The practical experiment was drinking the energy drink (Red Bull، 250ml) for five days and in the sixth day drink one can of red bull about one hour before the post tests. Following a discussion of the findings and the application of some straightforward statistical tools، the following findings emerged from the research:

There is no effect of energy drink (red bull) on improving the level of physical capacities.
No significant differences between the outcomes of the minute test carried out by indigenous people and those carried out by outsiders.
There is a significant difference in the heart rate between the pre and post- tests.

Recommendations:

According to the research، energy drink is not recommended to the public before performing effort. This is due to the fact that this energy drink is not sufficient to boost the physical capacities in the participants of the study.
Raising the athletes’ health awareness that energy drinks cannot be used as a substitute to natural energy and it is more detrimental to the body than it is useful.
Large amount shouldn’t be drank because it can have a detrimental effect on health and raises risk of having a heart disease، high blood pressure، kidney disease، and a number of other issues.
Undertaking further research and studies comparable to those described above with regard to various types of energy drinks، physical factors، and additional activities for a variety of sports.

The Impact of Sustainable Balance Scorecard to Achieve Competitive Advantage in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Economic Unit

Rizgar Abdulla Sabir — 2023-09-29

The current research explores the important role of SBSC in initiating basic and important elements of competitive advantages in education sector economic units. Private universities and institutions in the current dynamic and complex environmental circumstances should consider SBSC as a unique tool and perceived to be good in the hands of managers to improve the abilities of their competitive advantage. A sample of (137) respondents has been analyzed by using statistical methods (SPSS 24), and principally measures of SBSC as independent variables represent the following perspectives: financial, customer, learning and growth, internal business, environmental and social as employed construct measures enhance effectiveness measures of competitive advantage components which represent in this study (cost, quality, time and innovation). Although, analysis of the study model test shows a statistically significant association of proposed SBSC perspectives on determinants of competitive advantage; hence result recommends reliance on SBSC orientation on private university and institution performance and competitive advantage.

The Impact of using Computerized Accounting Information Systems in detecting Fraud; An analytical study for the construction sector in KRG

Vyan Sulaiman Hama Saeed — 2023-09-29

This academic paper investigates whether accounting fraud has been detected with the use of computerized accounting information systems (CAIS) and what can be done to protect a company’s fear resources from theft or misuse. Even though organizations in the current era are confronted with technological advancements, but still no previous study in the construction sector has investigated these subject matters through the lens of CAIS.

To obtain the objectives of the study, self-administrated questionnaires were designed on a five-point Likert scale to collect data, judgment sampling was applied, and the sample size was 140. Independent variables of the study represent features of CAIS, while dependent variables represent detecting fraud. Empirically the statistical SPSS software has been used to analyse the identified data and concluded results indicate features of CAIS through internal control, audit procedures and good governance as construct moderating variables enable organizations to detect fraud.

The Level of Implimentiry active learning strategies and their relationship to self-organization among kindergarten teachers

Sarwa Alauddin Omar — 2023-09-29

The aims of this research are to determine the level of utilizing active learning strategies and their relationship to self-organization among kindergarten teachers in Erbil city center. Also to determine the relationship between active learning strategies and self-organization among kindergarten teachers according to variables (degree، years of service). The research methodology is appropriate to the nature of the aim of the current research. The population consists of a kindergarten teachers of Erbil Central Education for the academic year (2022–2023)، in where their number are (578) teachers distributed over (49) kindergartens. The selected sample were (150) teachers from (15) public kindergartens in the center of Erbil. To achieve the aims and collect data، the researcher use two sets of questionnaire for the teachers in the kindergarten for the academic year 2022-2023. The first question are includes 42 items investigate the active learning strategies which adopted from (Saleh، 2016) . while the second questionnaire was adopted from (Bandy More، 2010) which consists of 36 item on self - organization. The researcher issued the honesty of both research tools by providing a number of experts and experts، (87%) for the criterion of active learning strategy and (85%) to regulate the self، criteria (90%) for active learning strategy (83%). To organize self-acquisition using the Person related equation equation. The main result revealed that. The level of use of active learning strategies among kindergarten teachers was high، had a positive and effective effect on self-organization among kindergarten teachers، and kindergarten teachers pay attention to active learning strategies during teaching.

Analysis of the water-climatic balances by the Thornthwaite method in Dukan district

Taha Ahmad karim — 2023-09-29

Water balances in any area are one of the main factors affecting water revenue, the natural environment, and vegetation cover. Water balance refers to the contribution of rainfall, temperature, evaporation, and impact on surface and groundwater in each region. In this research, an analytical and descriptive method was used to analyse the climate data used at Dukan climate station to determine the total amount of water between (2000-2022), which reached (1714.6 mm) For nine (9) months of the year, we have a shortage of water; only three (3) months have surpluses of water, which reached 130.1 mm. To prove whether the evaporation taken from Dukan climate station is the true evaporation of the water balance in the study area, we used the Thornthwaite equation to find out the true water balance based on temperature and annual rainfall for the same period. The results showed that the area had a water shortage of (1287.3 mm) for six (6) months and a surplus of (390.5 mm) for six (6) months. At the same time, the total evaporation, or evapotranspiration, reached (1461.9 mm). Based on the water balance equation, using scientific resources, and showing the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, the research concluded that the water balance varies from year to year depending on the amount of rainfall in the study area, but in general there is a water shortage in the study area during the year, and the highest water shortage in the region is in the summer months.

Deconstructing History of the Lie According to Jacques Derrida

Azad Hama Abdulla — 2023-09-29

Lying, which is the product of reason, is an ancient human phenomenon and one of man's evils. The act of lying is the act of saying. This saying is a vague concept in the history of philosophy and contains various questions. Philosophical questions about lying include other concepts (eg, error, non-lying, truth, non-truth, veracity, deception, mislead, etc.). Since telling the truth is under threat in the new society and the increase in lying has affected the truth, this has made the truth itself questionable. Therefore, the narrative of lying history cannot be neutral unless all anti-lie concepts are explained in it. In this study, the focus will be on the deconstructing the history of lying, which is itself full of lies. This makes writing a lie history difficult.

Hence we come to say that when Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) in his book established a genealogy of History of the Lie deconstructing the concept of lying and rewriting its history becomes a basis for understanding: lie and error, of lie and justification, of lies and bad Intention, of of truth and good intention, of lie and intention, of lie and interest.Therefore, we treat the book " History of the Lie" as a book of deconstructing writing about the meaning of lying. Thus, this research relates to Derrida's deconstructive way of analyzing the history of the lie. This way of research will appear when we work on the concept of lie and its similar concepts and we automatically plunge into the history of lie and dismantling that history. Because many factors in this history have influenced the production of lie, this causes the history of lie to change according to cultures and civilizations, and each culture and civilization has its own history of lie.

Natural environment effect on the land uses in Siktan sub-district using the Weighted Overlay Method

Jwanro A. Azez — 2023-09-29

The article emphasizes the importance of identifying land uses and studying the natural environment as a critical stage in land use planning. and thus determining the most appropriate sites for the most appropriate uses to make good use of the, the study specifically examines the natural environment's characteristics in the Sktan district, including its geology, topography, climate, soil, hydrology, natural vegetation, geomorphology, erosion, phenomena, and slope), because each of these phenomena has an impact on land use, furthermore, the article presents the Weighted Overlay model as a useful tool for generating land use maps and determining appropriate land use types.

The level of productive mind habits among managements of basic Education schools

Nawzad Ali Awrahman — 2023-09-29

Research problem: The researcher confirmed that people who do not have the habits of the productive mind (Produed Habits of Mind) enough in terms of content، they are incapable of the necessary and logical measures to address the obstacles and problems in human life، and he is unable to adopt good planning for crisis management and do what it is enough to follow all material and human means to end these crises. School principals، Summary of the during their administrative career، may be exposed to various types of environmental and personal pressures and obstacles. On the psychological level، their lack of control over administrative and educational matters and their tendency to negative thinking may lead to psychological or academic problems، which may negatively affect their effectiveness and administrative efficiency and solution. Administrative problems.

The importance of the subject of our research stands behind how the mechanism and quality of human thinking work towards finding the manufacture of constructive and productive ideas to address and challenge the problems that people face through moving forward; because productive thinking has a relationship with rational thinking that qualifies its owner to develop plans and draw the coordinates of his life’s work And how to explore loopholes to reach its goals.

The aim of the current research is to identify the levels of habits of the productive mind of school principals، and are there statistically significant differences in the habits of the productive mind according to the variables (gender، years of functional service، work location ). The Productive Mind Habits scale was used on a sample of (55)، with (51) males and (4) females.

The results showed statistically significant levels، the sample was generally at a high level of productive thinking. There was no statistically significant difference in the productive thinking according to (gender، years of functional service، and work location); However، there are statistically non-significant differences in the productive thinking according to (gender، years of functional service، and work location) in favor of (males، years of service from 21-40، outside the district center).

Illusion and Reality in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

Samal Marf Mohammed — 2023-09-29

One of the fundamental keys to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is the division between illusion and reality. This study aims to demonstrate these two notions and how they function in the novel. Most of the events which take place in Marry Shelley’s Frankenstein are related to illusion and reality. The characters are planning for a specific result and the structure of their plans seems to be something, but in reality, their plans become something different as they are based on illusions. Although this notion is mostly related to the protagonist of the novel, Victor Frankenstein and his creature, the Monster, it has reflected in the perception of other characters as well, like Robert Walton’s journey to North Pole, people’s concern over the Monster, the Monster’s perception to DeLacey family, the readers' perception of Alphonse Family and Justine Moritz’s idea about her sins. The analysis of this study focuses on the illusion of these characters as they believe in their truth, a seeming reality, a fabricated truth and their incapability to distinguish reality from illusion which leads to their downfall because they refuse the reality of their lives.