Island Constraints in English and Kurdish
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper28Keywords:
Complex NP Islands, Sentential Subject Constraint, Left Branch Condition, Coordinate Structure Constraint, Adjunct Clause Constraint, Indirect Wh-Question Constraint.Abstract
In transformational grammar, there are rules such as relativization, questioning and topicalization, in which elements abandon their position and move to the front of the sentence. The present study focusses on certain islands in English and Kurdish and examines whether these islands constrain the extraction of elements in Kurdish or not. It is hypothesized that islandhood is not only bout the restrictions on the extraction of an element and putting it in front of the sentence. In Kurdish, even if the question word remains in-situ, there are islands that impose restrictions on forming structures such as interrogatives.
References
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Baltin, M. and Collins, C. (2001). The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Boeckx, C. (2012). Syntactic Islands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chomsky, N. (1964). Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. The Hague: Mouton.
Coene, M. and D’hulst, Y. (2003). From NP to DP: Volume 1: The syntax and Semantics of Noun Phrases.
Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Frank, R. (2002). Phrase Structure Composition and Syntactic Dependencies. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Featherston, S. (2001). Empty Categories in Sentence Processing. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Goodluck, H. and Rochemont, M. (1992). Island Constraints: Theory, Acquisition and Processing. Berlin: Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht.
Hawkins, J. A. (2004). Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Heck, F. (2008). On Pied-Piping: Wh-Movement and Beyond. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Hornstein, N. (209). A Theory of Syntax: Minimal Operations and Universal Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Johnson, K. (2004). Introduction to Transformational Grammar.
Johnson, K. (2008). Topics in Ellipsis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kaplan, R. M. and Zaenen, A. (1989). Long-Distance Dependencies, Constituent Structure, and Functional Uncertainty. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kim, J. and Sells, P. (2007). English Syntax: An Introduction. Stanford: CSLI Publications
Kuno, Susumo. (1973). The Structure of the Japanese Language. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press.
Lapping, S. and Benmamoun, E. (1999). Fragments: Studies in Ellipsis and Gapping. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
Newson, M., Hordós, M., Pap, D., Szecsenyi, K., Toth, G., and Vincze, V. (2206). Basic English Syntax with Exercises. Pudapest: Bolcsesz Konzorcium.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. and Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London & New York: Longman Group Limited.
Radford, A. (2004). Minimalist Syntax: Exploring the Structure of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Radford, A. (2009). An Introduction to English Sentence Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ross, J. R. (1967). Constraints on Variables in Syntax. Unpublished PhD diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Sag, I. A. and Wasow, T. (1999). Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction. Stanford: CSLI Publications.
Shopen, T. (2007). Language Typology and Syntactic Description. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fatah, M. M. (2010). Lȇkołînewe Zimanewanîyekan. Hewlȇr: Çapxaney Ŕojhelat.
Kanebî, D. S. (2015). Tîyorî Barge Xistin ȗ Ŕonanî Ŕiste. Hewlȇr: Mukiryan.
Khoshnaw, K. A. (2008). Berkar le Zimanî Kurdîda bepey Ŕebazî Foŕmî. Hewlȇr: Çapxaney Wezaretî Ŕoşinbîrî.
Me’roof, A. M. (2010). Dirȗstey Firȇz le Zimanî Kurdîda. Sulaimanî: Mełbendî Kurdology.
Mihemed, H. W. (2009). Peywendîye Ronanîyekanî Niwandine Sîntakîyekan. Hewlȇr: Çapxaney Ŕojhelat.
Mukiryanî, K. (2204). Sîntakisî Ŕistey Tȇkeł. Hewlȇr: Aras.
Qadir, K. O. (2008). Ŕistey Basmenid le Zimanî Kurdîda. Sulaimanî: Mełbendî Kurdology.
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Published
2020-12-25
How to Cite
Saleem, B. Q. (2020). Island Constraints in English and Kurdish. Journal of University of Raparin, 7(4), 620–639. https://doi.org/10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper28
Issue
Section
Humanities & Social Sciences
