The First Message Incalligraphy By Muhammad bin Adam Al-Rusta’i Al-Balki Al-Kurdi (1237 )

Abstract

This study is to investigate and clarify on an old small message which is about an important science and independent arabic language, which is calligraphy or the art of dictation and drawing of words and letters, which has elements and origins in which ancient scientists consider in various ways. Some of them refers to the facilitation of drawing common and frequently used words. Another part is intended to remove the ambiguity and confusion that occurs between similar words ,the last part is intended to explain its vocabulary and stem.

The author of the message is senior Mohammed Adam (1160-1237) he called the first message: calligraphy is divided into preface and two chapters , the preface section introduced dictation with what it needs to draw and dictation . After that, in the fist chapter he addressed elements and origins of inscription in the second chapter addressed the things that should be considered beside its elements and divided into two hinges. The first hinge is about the letter that no stable image in Arabic language it is changeable in writing which is named hamza, in the second hinge is about the letters which has altered roots to indicate either combine, agglutination, increase, decrease, rupture, exchange or signify. Then, in a complemental way he mentioned that how to know and what the connection between (ya) and (waw). Hence, we investigated and clarified according to the scientific way and we tried do best put the texts as it exists if we met errors we tried to correct them. The author influenced and followed the path of the former scientists especially the kurdish version of book of Shafiyi Hajibi in which the author used some terms are differ from our time today in its meaning. Such as: topic, research, hinge and other scientific terms. The author used and cited a few verses and Hadith. So, we rely on many new and old sources we wrote abstract, introduction,  conclusion and menu for the verses.