Seasonal Variation of Solid Waste Components in Ranya District, Iraq.
Keywords:
Municipal solid waste, Ranya District, Solid Waste management.Abstract
Municipal solid waste can be considered as one of the significant environmental issues in worldwide, as a result of industrial revolution, economic development and overpopulation. The current study focused on seasonal variation of solid waste production and composition. The study was conducted during winter and summer seasons in 2019. Solid waste samples were collected from the collector trucks from eight different zones in Ranya district. The results revealed that the average of total solid waste generation in the district estimated as (286.9 tons/day) and (1.108 kg-capita/days). The analysis of the waste content detected that the largest portion of the district solid waste is organic material which forming an average of 67.05%. Followed by cloth & textile, plastic, paper & cardboards, metal and glass, which their quantities are 11.93%, 8.19%, 7.12%, 3.05% and 2.65% respectively. The seasonal variation impacts on solid waste has been preserved obviously in this research study, more specifically in metal, glass and organic waste contents, which their quantities increased substantially from wet to dry season, (6.2 to 11.61 tons/day), (6.26 to 9.07 tons/day) and (177.5 to 207.62 tons/day) respectively. Moreover, the total generated solid waste magnitude of the district picked up changed from 268.37tones/day for wet season to 305.44tones/day for dry season.
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UNEP in Iraq, [2007], “Post-conflict assessment, clean-up and reconstruction”, ISBN:978 92- 807-2906-1, Job No. DEP/1035/GE.
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Yahya Ahmed Shekha, [2011], “Household solid waste content in Erbil city, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Iraq” Zanko J. Vol. 23 NO.3.
Ahmed Abdalqader and Jehad Hamad, [2012], “Municipal Solid Waste Composition Determination Supporting the Integrated Solid Waste Management in Gaza Strip”, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 3, No. 2, April 2012.
Bolanle Wahab and Bayonle Ola, [2018], “Effects of Seasonal Variation on Informal Waste Collection in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria”, Environment and Pollution, Vol. 7, No. 1; 2018, ISSN 1927-0909 E-ISSN 1927-0917.
Chrakhan R. R., et al. [2018], “Solid waste management: case study in Chamchamal (Dwbra valley open dump), Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region”, Geoscience Session, ICNS Proceding:PISSN: 2616-5457. e- ISSN: 2520-5749.
Daniel Hoornweg and Perina. Bhada-Tata,[2012], “ What a Waste: A global review of solid waste management”, Urban Development series, World Bank, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC20433, U.S.A.
Daniel Hoornweg and Laura Thomas, [1999], “ What a Waste: Solid Waste Management in Asia”, Urban development sector unit East Asia and Pacific Region, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ the World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC20433, U.S.A.
Gerardo Collaguazo, Adrian Badea, Constantin Stan and Zoltan Pasztat, [2016], “Household Wastes Characterization and Seasonal Variations in Bihor County, Romania”, U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series C, Vol. 78, Iss. 1, 2016, ISSN 2286-3540.
Gintaras Denafas, Tomas R., Dainius M., Sergey Sh. H., Valeriy M., Stanislav O., Mikhail R.,Ekaterina N, Alexander Ch., Tsitsino T., Inga B.,Christian L.,[2014], “Seasonal variation of municipal solid waste generation and composition in four East European cities”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 89 (2014) 22-30, ELSEVIER.
Huseyin Kurtulus O., Senem Y.G., Lokman G. and Goksel D., [2016], “Municipal solid waste characterization according to different income levels: a case study”, Sustainability 2016, 8, 1044; doi: 10.3390/su101044. Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy and Mona S.M., [2018], “Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization”, Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 27(2018) 1275-1290, Elsevier.
Hatem K.B. Alajeeli and Sajjad A. M. Al Kaabi, [2016], “ A Study of Waste Management Reality in Construction Projects in Iraq”, Wasit Journal of Engineering Science Vol. (4), No. (1), 2016.
Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy and Mona S.M., [2018], “Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization”, Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 27(2018) 1275-1290, Elsevier.
Jassim Mohammed Musheb, [2018], “The Economics Of Waste Recycling In Iraq: Wasted Resources And Lost Opportunities”, European Journal Of Economics And Business Studies, Vol 4 No 2, ISSN 2411-9571(Print), ISSN 2411-4073 (Online).
Kamaran Tahir S. and Sarkar Hamad Kh., [2018], “Geographical Analysis of Spatial and Temporal variation of Solid Waste in Ranya City”, Journal of University of Raparin, E-ISSN: 2522 – 7130 P-ISSN: 2410 – 1036.
Kurdistan Region Statistics office, Ministry of planning, Kurdistan Regional Government. Raparin Statistics directorate, Ranya, 2019.
Kurdistan Regional Government, Ministry of municipalities and Tourism, Raparin municipality directorate, planning and environment department (2019).
Mohammad Tahir Mapa,[2011], “ waste management and society: a case study of public participation in waste management Kota Kinabalu City”, Health and the environment Journal, 2011, Vol. 2, No. 2.
Oben Mbeng L. and Tematen Zemtsa P, [2017], “Waste Characterization in the Bafoussam II Municipality of Cameroon”, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296.
Parag S. Dawane and Prof.Sagar M. Gawande, [2015], “ Review article Solid waste management- a review”, International Journal for current research Vol. 7, Issue, 05,pp-16019-16024,May,2015.
Ruth F. Weiner and Robin Matthews, [2003], “Environmental engineering”, Fourth Edition, Copyright ©2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Romeela Mohee, [2007], “ waste management opportunities for rural communities, composting as an effective waste management strategy for farm households and other”, Agricultural and food engineering working document, food and agriculture organization of the united nations Rome, 2007.
AZIZ,S. Q., ISMAIL,S.O.&OMAR,I.A. , “Recycling Solid Waste Materials Management in Erbil City- Iraq. 2019 International Journal of Engineering Inventions, e-ISSN: 2278-7461, p-ISSN: 2319-6491, Volume 8, Issue 1, PP: 57-62.
Sirwa Qader S.G., [2017], “Environmental impact assessment of Erbil dumpsite area – west of Erbil city-Iraqi Kurdistan Region”, Journal of Tethys, Vol. 5, No. 3, 194-217.
Soran Erami, Behzad Sh. And Afshin Maleki., [2015], “Municipal solid waste management in Mahabad town, Iran”, Journal of Environmental science and technology, 2015, ISSN 1994-7887/DOI: 10.3923/jest.2015.
S.O. Adefemi and E.E. Awokumni, [2009], “ The impact of municipal solid waste disposal in Ado-Ekiti metropolis, Ekiti-State, Nigeria”, African Journal of Environmental science and Technology Vol. 3(8), pp. 186-189, August, 2009, ISSN 1991-637X©2009 Academic Journals.
Sati M. Al-Rawi and Taha A. Al- Tayyar,[2013], “ A study on solid waste composting and characteristics of Mosul city / Iraq”, Journal of university of Zakho, Vol. 1. (A) No.2, Pp 496- 507, 2013.
Suad Mahdi Gleawa, [2012], “Seasonal Variation in Hilla municipal solid aste composition”, Journal of University of Bable, Engineering Science Vol. 20, No 1, 2012.
Silpa Kaza, Lisa Y., Perinaz B. and Frank V.W., [2018], “ what a waste 2.0, A global Snapshot of Solid waste Management to 2050” , international Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ the World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC20433.
Tasnim F. CH., [2016], “ Solid waste generation and rate components percentage in Baghdad city”, Journal of Engineering and Sustainable development, Vol. 20, No. 06, November 2016, ISSN 2520-0917.
UNEP in Iraq, [2007], “Post-conflict assessment, clean-up and reconstruction”, ISBN:978 92- 807-2906-1, Job No. DEP/1035/GE.
Kirchhoff, I. M. O. Da Silva and E. V. Browell, [1990], “Ozone Measurements in Amazonia: Dry Season versus Wet Season”, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, No. D10, Pages 16,913-16,926, September 20, 1990.
Waleed M. Sh. Alabdraba and Haneen A. K. Al- Qaraghully, [2013], “Composition of Domestic Solid Waste and The Determination of its Density & Moisture Content: A case study for Tikrit city, Iraq”, International Review of civil Engineering (I. RE. C. E.) Vol. 4, N.2, 2013.
Yahya Ahmed Shekha, [2011], “Household solid waste content in Erbil city, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Iraq” Zanko J. Vol. 23 NO.3.
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Published
2020-04-19
How to Cite
Hamza, A. A., & Ahmed, O. A. (2020). Seasonal Variation of Solid Waste Components in Ranya District, Iraq. Journal of University of Raparin, 7(2), 416–434. Retrieved from https://journal.uor.edu.krd/index.php/JUR/article/view/paper%2018
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Humanities & Social Sciences
