Impact of Rivers on Seasonal Changes in Water Level: A Case Study of Darbandikhan Lake

Pshtiwan Gharib Ghafur; Rozhan Faraidun Abdulrahman

doi:10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper1

المؤلفون

Pshtiwan Gharib Ghafur Social Science Department, College of Basic Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Rozhan Faraidun Abdulrahman Geography Department, College of Humanities, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26750/Vol(11).No(5).Paper1

الكلمات المفتاحية:

Sirwan River, Zmkan River, Zalm River, Chaqan River, Tanjaro River, river discharge and Darbandikhan Lake.

الملخص

This study was conducted regarding the impact of rivers on Darbandikhan Lake's seasonal water level change. The aim of this study is to illustrate the impact of rivers on the lake through seasonal water level change from its tributaries. To achieve the research objectives, descriptive and quantitative methods were used. The findings showed that the highest water level of the lake was 467.72 m (a.s.l.) in Spring and that its storage capacity and area were 1.2554 billion m3 and 46.26 km2, respectively. In contrast, the lowest water level of the lake was 458.62 m (a.s.l.) in Autumn, with storage capacity and area of 908.2 million m³ and 32.38 km², respectively. The river's share of discharge into the lake varied annually. The Tanjaro River averaged 6 m³/s (19.6%), the Chaqan River 0.47 m³/s (1.52%), the Zalm River 1.17 m³/s (3.77%), the Sirwan River 20.55 m³/s (66.28%), and the Zmkan River 2.74 m³/s (8.83%), all of which contributed to the lake annually. River discharge was influenced by physical factors such as topography, slope, and climatic elements, in addition to human factors such as water resource management policies, population and land use/land cover in the study area.

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