Issue 2

Table of Contents

1. 01
   Social Science Original Research pp. 1-26

   The Role of investigative journalism in combating corruption in Kurdistan region

   Jwan Jalaladeen Muhedeen, Hersh Rasool Murad, Hoshyar Mudhafar Ali

   In this study, the role of investigative media in fighting corruption in the Kurdistan Region is examined. In order to show the role of the media in fighting corruption and to determine the degree of corruption, the journalistic reports and investigations of the programs (Bnkoll- investigate ) and (Snduqy Rash- Black box) on Kurdistan 24 and Diplomatic Magazine were investigated The channels are located in the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and, throughout the months of 2021, for all reports on corruption in both fists of the study. This study is a descriptive study, non-analytical methods were used to analyze the content of the research articles, and the analysis is presented in several aspects, namely: identifying the types of corruption and including issues related to each type In the reports received. In the assessment, the researcher mapped the geographical boundaries of the research reports. The results showed that although the research reports worked on identifying issues of corruption, to fight corruption, in the first place working on cases (financial and economic corruption), by (54%), but did not work on political corruption cases. While their main objective was to fight corruption (33.7%), and, in exposing corruption, there are differences in geographical boundaries, so that Sulaimani province has done the most work (37.8%), compared to Erbil province (13). 5%), and the results revealed that they worked to some extent within the characteristics of the research reports.

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2. 02
   Social Science Original Research pp. 27-58

   Evaluating the performance of teachers of natural geography lessons in the high schools in the view of educational supervisors and school administrators

   Kurdistan Muhammed Azad, Nabard Jabar Hassan

   The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of teachers of natural geography lessons in high schools in central Sulaymaniyah from the perspective of supervisors and managers for the year (2020-2021) based on the descriptive and analytical methods. The research community consists of all directors and education supervisors in both eastern and western educations، the study's sample of which is (47) participants. In order to collect data, the content of the closed survey form was 23 items in two scientific topics and 30 items in education, which totaled 53 items. After extracting the reliability of the scale by experts، its stability was also taken out based on the Pearson formula. Then، by applying survey upon the research sample and analyzing the collected data using tests such as (Two Way Annova without Replication، apporiate mean، weight percent) some important results were presented using the (SPSS). One of the most important results is that there is a difference between teachers' performance in terms of science and education in a way that the scientific aspects are weaker than the educational aspects، and there is no difference between supervisors and managers in their view of teachers' performance according to their level and years of experiencesgiving that the (P-value (5. 28) > 0. 05). Opening special courses، seminars and workshops are considered the best steps to eliminate teachers' scientific and educational weaknesses.

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3. 03
   Social Science Original Research pp. 59-83

   Self-confidence level among students of Raparin University who have undergone cosmetic surgery

   Nawzad Ali Awrahman, Hevar Ali Abubakr, Soma Ismail Khader, Zhiwar Sabah Ahmad

   The problem of the research, when the level of (Self-confidence) is High, the individual enjoys good mental and somatic health, but, when the level of Self-confidence is less, it may lead to a lack of logical analysis or challenge and control and create difficulties in decision-making as a result of weak confidence in the information obtained in a negative way on the individual's body and facial image. The importance of self-confidence as a personality variable plays an influential role in the individual and Society in the face of the challenges in individual life that continue to be optimistic and positive. The aimes of this study are to determine the level of self-confidence among university students who have undergone cosmetic surgery. Determining the differences in self-confidence levels among university student who have undergone cosmetic surgery according to gender (male-female) and specialty (science-humanities). The researchers took the descriptive method approach. The research community consisted of 60 students of Raparin University who underwent cosmetic surgery. The sample was randomly selected, including 50 students, including 17 males and 33 females in University of Raparin for the academic year (2019-2020) in the morning. The researchers prepared a scale consisting of (20) item to measure the level of self-confidence among university students who have undergone cosmetic surgery. The results showed statistically levels of high in Self-Confidence. There was no statistically significant difference in self-confidence by gender and specialty, but the specialty variable in the sample itself showed differences in favor of the humanities

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4. 04
   Social Science Original Research pp. 84-115

   The effects of social media on visual media in news transmission Rudaw channel as an example

   Karmand Abbas Homer, Hakim Osman Hamid

   This research has attempted to address the influence of social networks on news and information transmission by considering the knowledge of the nature of the relationship between social networks and visual media. This research is important for the Kurdistan Region. It gives television channels a clear view of how to deal when using social networks, and to take the appropriate scientific approach towards developing and creating effects when transferring news and information to their recipients. The type of research is descriptive and done through a survey method. The research's objectives are based on the conducted surveys. The community of this research is the Kurdistan Regional Government's news channel. The sample for this research includes a comprehensive mass of all journalists involved in the process of preparing and producing news on the Rudaw channel. One of the most important conclusions that the researcher has come to is that social networks have an impact on visual media in the process of producing and transmitting news - and this impact is direct: it has created an impact on knowledge, affection, and behavior of visual media messengers. At the same time, social networks have become an important source of news and information for television channels. Social networks have become a reason for the further development of television channels. Television channels are trying to become compatible with social networks, not to let social networks become a reason for their weakness, particularly in transmitting information to recipients

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5. 05
   Social Science Original Research pp. 116-141

   The Relationship Between Risk-taking behavior and self-confidence of students of Salah al-Din University

   Tanya Wasfi Abdwllah, Srwa Jaafar Hussein

   Abstract Research Aims:- The researcher pursues the following aims in this research:- 1-The level of risk-taking behavior among university students for the sample. 2- The level of self-confidence among university students for the sample. 3- The level of risk-taking behavior and self-confidence according to the variable (gender - economic status). 4- The relationship between risk-taking behavior and self-confidence in the sample. The current research community consists of Salah El-Din University students for the academic year (2021-2022)، for the sake of the research sample، the two researchers chose a random sample of (250) students for their research. To measure the two variables، the researchers followed the following procedures، to measure the variable (risk-taking behavior)، the researchers found it better to build a measure of risk behavior because there is no measure of risk behavior، and the scale consisted of (39) items، and they extracted the apparent validity of the scale and did not delete any item from the scale، and they extracted the power Discriminatory paragraphs did not delete any paragraph also. The two researchers relied on the self-confidence scale prepared by (Al-Badrany, The scale consists of (40) items، and they extracted the apparent validity of the scale and did not delete any item from the scale. The two researchers relied on the re-test method to calculate the stability of the two scales، risk behavior and self-confidence، as it reached in risk behavior (0.91) and in self-confidence (0.77). The two researchers reached the following results:- The results of this research indicate that the students' risk-taking behavior is high and their self-confidence is good. The gender variable and the economic status variable are not among the variables affecting risk-taking behavior and self-confidence. There is a positive relationship between risk-taking behavior and students' self-confidence. The two researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions in their research.

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6. 06
   Social Science Original Research pp. 142-165

   History of Kirkuk during the British mandate period

   Zana Othman Mohammed, Ranjdar Mohammed Azeez

   In the late years of World War I (1914-1918), the Ottoman-controlled regions faced a new condition. The city of Kirkuk, as a part of Kurdistan's territory, was not deprived of these new transformations and events. This research aimed to investigate the history of Kirkuk during the British mandate period. The study found that the arrival of the British in southern Kurdistan, particularly Kirkuk, had a historical background, dating back centuries before the British conquest of the city of Kirkuk in 1918, particularly due to the presence of natural resources in the area. The study also found that Kirkuk residents, as part of Kurdistan's territory, were exhilarated about nationalism after the fall of Ottoman oppression and the arrival of English authorities and that its population had publicly expressed their nationalism desires, for independence and unity with Kurdistan. The study also reveals that the British have tried in every way to cut off the area from Kurdistan and the Kurdish national movement after the national stance on Kirkuk residents became clear. Kirkuk residents have also broadly supported Sheikh Mahmud and announced him as their leader, and they fully cooperated with him in this regard, which is due to the national sentiment that has developed in the city of Kirkuk. In the study, we found that in a referendum conducted by the United Nations to resolve the Mosul state issue, residents in Kirkuk mostly agreed to be part of Iraq, even though there were votes demanding independence. Kirkuk people were also generally dissatisfied with the issue of appointing Faisal asking for Iraq, and stood against it, publicly expressing that they would prefer to unite with Kurdistan when Faisal was appointed as crown king to Iraq.

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7. 07
   Social Science Original Research pp. 166-188

   Mystic dualism in the poetry of Mahwi

   Mariwan Husen Farhann, Awat Nadir Abdulkarim

   Dualism is the difference between the contradictions. Dualism is one of the prominent characteristics of Mahwi's mystic poems. This comes from the experience and the deep outcomes of the psycho journey of this Arif within materialism to reach the truth. In the consequence of evaluating the basics of dualism and paradox of Mahwi, the reader will achieve to the practical mystic's truth of this arif. The aim of the study is reaching the real results concern to the prove of mystic's idea and demonstrating the highest level of mystic's school of Mahwi and also focusing on the knowledge and his worldview of Mahwi in term of mystic's dualism. Then, illustrating the capability and highest level of textual language of Mahwi's poems in the dimension of art view of poetical texts in general and dualistic aesthetic in particular that he produced in his poems. The interesting point which is even a question for the researchers is that what are the prominent used dualisms in Mahwis' poems? The used method of this research is (descriptive- analysis) which is based on the used data of the research

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8. 08
   Social Science Original Research pp. 189-212

   Semantic Deviations in "Abdulqadir Saeed's" Poetic Texts

   Fazil Majed Mahmud, Sangar Askar Muhammad

   Deviation is one of the characteristics that the poet uses in the construction of the poetic text and through it to express thoughts, feelings and emotions, but this expression in a language completely different from ordinary language, so the poet resorts to using an interesting language. Meanwhile, semantic deviation plays a significant role in giving poetry aesthetics. In this regard, our research entitled (Semantic Deviations in Abdulqadir Saeed's Poetic Texts) attempts to answer the question of whether he has been able to artistically express semantic deviations in his poetic texts. Finally, the results, sources used and a summary of the study are presented in English.

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9. 09
   Social Science Original Research pp. 213-232

   Sunbul Haqiqi’s poetic experience

   Nechirwan Jasim Wali

   This research is about Sunbul Haqiqi’s poetic works which is a descriptive and analytical research. The reason behind choosing this subject is the lack of a scientific and academic research about her poems. The aim of this research is to show her poetic works and identify the various components of the poems of the poet in terms of content and form The research includes an introduction، two chapters and a conclusion: Chapter one is Sunbul and poetry، and it consists of two parts: in the first part، it talks about the most important stages of her life، and in the second part، the focus is on the poet and poetry، and it refers to the poet’s relationship with poetry. Chapter two includes Sunbul’s poems in terms of form and content، and it also consists of two parts: in the first part، it talks about the form of the poet’s poems، and in the second part، the concentration is on the content of the poet’s poems. In the end، it shows the most significant points that we have reached. Then the list of resources and a summary of the research in two languages، Kurdish and Kurdish have been recorded.

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10. 10
    Social Science Original Research pp. 233-258

    Evaluation of the activity of the tectonic processes in the channel of the lower Zab river from Delga to Derband of Rania

    Pshtiwan Ali Mohammed, Azzaden Jumha Darweesh

    This research is about geomorphology and geometric of the Lower Zab river channel between Delga into to Derband of Rania in Pshdar district, it is by using of some coefficient geomorphology index for river basin with the way of occurring. It can show the tectonic activities in the research area; the purpose of this research is to evaluate the activity of the tectonics in the fourth round of the Lower Zab River Path in the research area, along the foot of the Asos Mountain Range on the right side of the path. The river is from Dalga village to Darband of Rania, and the importance of this research is that it shows the continued influence of tectonically activities in the research area through these blocks, these Indexes are used by some of the researchers for recent geomorphological research in the different regions in the world. In this research we depend of (DEM 12.m) by using (ARCGIS. version. 10.8), with applied metrical coefficient geomorphology index on the main stream water of lower Zab river in the research area. the results will illustrate the serve, moderate and light tectonic activity with used of methods for each coefficient. In general, the value of all coefficient in the tectonic activity in the research area are high. Therefore, it means abrasion and erosion are high in the river channel, especially in the north of the lower Zab river in the research area, because the mainstream river is located in the rift and fault area, along the foot of the Asos Mountain Range

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11. 11
    Social Science Original Research pp. 259-290

    Language as an Element of Culture

    Darezh Wrya Mohammed

    With the creation of human, language has emerged in order to communicate and meet their needs, although it has enhanced gradually in different stages until it reaches this level we have had now, so it can be said that language is one of the characteristics that distinguishes human beings from other creatures, this is mean that language is one of the basic human needs for social life and daily work. In the anthropology filed, language occupies a wide space, since it is the study of human as an intelligent and cultured creature. Moreover, language is one of the basic cultural elements and at the same time the transmitter and disseminator of culture. It is also a means of communication and a builder of relationships, which is important in the field, since the social structure of societies is made based on relationships. Language is of fundamental importance in human life. Although the characteristic of linguistics is that it studies language and analyses it at a deep linguistic level, it also becomes the field of anthropological research as a cultural element. Hence, the subject of the research is how anthropology views the cultural element of language. How does it fit into anthropology in relation to culture and as a cultural genre? The aim of this study is to theoretically show the relationship between anthropology and language in general, to point out the structure and function of language as an important cultural element, and to show the situation of Kurdish language in relation to cultural identity. Language and culture are in a dialectical relationship. Language is part of culture and at the same time the transmitter and protector of culture, since culture is the complex in whole that is received by individuals as member of society, language becomes important, since language is the main means of acceptance. The importance of language in identifying culture. It has been said that the language of a nation or society is the key to identifying their culture, it is also strongly linked to cultural and national identity and is considered a fundamental basis of identity. As a result, language has changed more under the influence of external factors, which has had a relative impact on all other cultural elements and social life

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12. 12
    Social Science Original Research pp. 291-317

    The Criterion level of Readability in Teaching Tutorials: Twelfth Grade Economic Book as a Sample

    Omar Mahmood Kareem, Omer Ahmed Abdurrahman

    Psycholinguistics consider that a comprehension is a process of interaction among reader, text and the surrounding culture. In this process the reader creates meaning and the clarity of the text depends on the language as well as the types of the reader and the quality of the text. In teaching process, the reader is pupil and the text is the written forms in tutorial books. It is important to be known that the language should be clear. The decision about readability and unreadability of a tutorial text has its criterion. In this frame the text book of Economic in the twelfth grade is taken as a sample and assessed in the viewpoints of pupils in a comprehensive assessment process. One of the ways of assessment is to use a questionnaire method in which pupil’s comprehension is detected. This research puts a questionnaire about a written language in Economic twelfth grade book. The pupil’s comprehension is assessed through answering, as a result the readability of the text is determined. Thus It shows that the readability of the text is in a lower level.

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13. 13
    Social Science Original Research pp. 318-340

    Renewing the Structure of Mustazad in Goran's poems

    Sarbaz Majeed Khoshnaw, Yadgar Rasool Hamadamin

    Mustazad as a poetic model, is not new in Kurdish literature. There are many classic Kurdish poets who wrote poems in the form of Al-Mustazad. Mullah Al-Jaziri was the first to organize a poetic in Mustazad in the history of Kurdish literature. But in the stage of renewal of Kurdish poetry after the First World War, Kurdish poets contributed to renewing the structure of the meter in terms of weight and rhymes and the formation of the different composition in terms of number and arrangement of verses and their component parts. The title of the research (Renewing the Structure of Mustazad in Goran's poems) is an attempt to show the characteristics of the techniques of renewal and creativity of Goran the poet, and renew the structure of Al-Mustazad at this stage. There is a clear gap in academic studies of literary theory of comparison to the creativity of Kurdish poets in this field. There are a number of studies that describe Mustazad among other poetic templates, but there is no specialized research in this poetic model to study the renewal techniques and creative attempts of the Kurdish poet. The research consists of two chapters: the first chapter is concerned with defining Mustazad and its techniques in both the classical and modern stages, while the second chapter is concerned with Goran's creative attempts in this regard. Through this research, the researcher reached to new results on which this poetic form was based.

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14. 14
    Social Science Original Research pp. 341-357

    Passion for the country and land in the poems of Medhat Bekhaw

    Saleh Farhad Ibrahim, Bakr Shaker Karwani2

    This article entitled: patriotism in poems of Midhat Bekhaw is an attempt to express an important and influential subject in his poetry works, which is a focus on patriotism in his poetries, and how far has he tries to express patriotism during his poetries. At the same time, how far has he increased patriotism among his people and nation? Therefore, we see that the content of patriotism has occupied a wide space in his poetries. In the end of the discussion, we present the obtained results, along with the sources we have used as a support to enrich the discussion.

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15. 15
    Social Science Original Research pp. 358-388

    Efficiency of educational services in the city of Chamchamal

    Chirakhan Nasruddin Saleh, Kamran Mohammed Tawfiq, Aram Hassan Mohammed

    Education is one of the most important sectors of any state, or a region the vital role it has in enhancing the cultural level of a society and developing their scientific state by committing to the educational standards and the effective distribution of educational services in populated areas. The city of Chamachamal، similar to other cities of the world in general and other cities of Kurdistan in particular، is not deprived from educational services، which is, however, not up to the growing number of the resident. Generally، the educational services include these stages: Kindergarten, basic education (primary and intermediate 1-9), and secondary education (10-12). This study aims to identify the educational services in the city of Chamchaml and delimit their shortcomings using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to display the way each of the educational services in the city’s neighborhoods. The current study has been based on data and information presented by the directorate of education of Chamchamal. To enrich the study via gaining first hand details, field visits were paid to the kindergartens and schools of Chamchamal for the academic year (2020-2021).

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16. 16
    Social Science Original Research pp. 389-416

    Evaluation of PhD Thesis in the Department of Media Salahaddin University is evaluated according to research quality criteria

    Roza Hamaweass Hamamerza, Jawad Niemat Hussein, Fuad Ali Ahmad

    This research is entitled Evaluation of PhD Thesis in the Department of Media Salahaddin University is evaluated according to research quality criteria Research of the Department of Media, Salahaddin University The main problem of this study is the main question of whether theses Did they follow research quality criteria ? This research is descriptive and relies on an evaluation form Through a criterion for evaluating thesis of the most important outcomes that The research concluded that the evaluation criteria are to identify and draft titles It has been well ahead of other criteria and the average media eligibility of titles is at high, regarding the language of writing doctoral thesis reports, it has been found that language Academics used to write thesis reports in good evaluation criteria and the writing of theses was at a high level It was found that the evaluation criteria of “good” was the highest In identifying the problems of theses in the evaluation criteria The criterion of “good” was the highest compared to other criteria and the level of objectives was high.

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17. 17
    Social Science Original Research pp. 417-449

    Reading the poem (I’m capable of doing it) by (Abdulla Pashew) According to reader reception and response theory

    Sarkawt Omar Ibrahim, Pakhshan Ali Ahmed, Lanja Abdulrahman Gharib

    Abdullah Pashew's poem (I’m capable of doing it) is one of the different poems of the poet, in which the story of four years of the poet's love relationship with the opposite sex is told. The poet's upheaval in the poem has led to different views and their reflection in various critical articles and research. From this point of view, according to the method of receiving and responding to the reader, we have tried to analyze some of the articles written about this text Some of these views and opinions expressed their opposition to the text and did not meet their expectations because they believed that it could not be disturbed within the framework of the message It is fiery and threatening to stand up to the love of women. On the other hand, another discourse and message emerges among some critics and readers of the text, which is coordinated with their intellectual acceptance and adaptation to the idea of ​​the text and becomes satisfactory and welcome it They reject the charges against the poet.

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18. 18
    Social Science Original Research pp. 450-466

    Perspectives of Academic Faculties toward Studying Gender in Media Departments

    Dunya Salahdin Mirdan

    Gender as a subject for study in the academic sphere gave importance and characteristics to the department that will be studied in. The main purpose of this research is to determine the importance of gender studies in media departments, in the public and private universities and colleges in the Kurdistan Region. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to present the importance of gender studies as an independent subject in media departments. The researcher has attempted to discuss the importance of gender subject as an independent material in media departments in public and private colleges and universities in the Kurdistan Region, using a scientific quantitative and qualitative methods. The researcher has reached several conclusions: among all media departments (12 departments) in public and private universities and colleges in the Kurdistan Region, only one department is teaching gender as an independent subject. The issue of gender is unfamiliar, unfamiliar and not seriously considered. Gender is not considered as a necessary subject for some faculty members in these departments. However, proper understanding of the concept of gender in the academic setting itself is also complex and requires a scientific and objective understanding by academics and faculties. University teachers' understanding of the importance of gender and its philosophy along with their views on this issue, is of inevitable importance and needs to be considered.

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19. 19
    Social Science Original Research pp. 467-475

    A Feminist study of Female Bildungsroman in Toni Cade Bambara’s “The lesson”

    Shokhan Rasool Ahmed

    Every literary text can be considered as effective cultural and historical evidence to show human experiences in different ages. Likewise, African American Literature becomes a major tool to portray racial segregation and marginalizing women of colour. African American novelists have allowed women of colour to have their voices heard and their identities found. Toni Cade Bambara is among the best Afro-American authors who has displayed the difficulties that women of colour such as racism, sexism, racial discrimination, ethnic segregation, gender inequality and loss of identity. This study principally analyzes Bambara’s “The Lesson” by considering a Feminist Bildungsroman approach to deal with gender roles and gender inequality of the female characters. This paper investigates some questions such as: how does “The Lesson” ascribe to the beliefs of the Black Power Movement? What types of dialects have been used in the text to picture the life and culture of African American women? How is Female Bildungsroman employed by Bambara to build and reconstruct a new image for the characters to enable them to fulfil their dreams? The current study delineates the oppression and segregation of African American people under a white-dominated society. However, the author attempts to deconstruct the life of the characters again so that they can have a better and healthy life.

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20. 20
    Social Science Original Research pp. 476-504

    The Role of the External Audits in Activating the Audit Process in the Environment of Big Data and its Reflection on the Quality of Financial Information

    Ghazi Othman Mahmod, Paiman Rafiq Mohammad

    The study aimed to shed light on the extent of the auditors' ability to audit big data, and also aimed to verify its impact on the quality of financial information. The study sample consisted of all auditors in auditing companies and offices operating in the Kurdistan Region, which numbered (93) individuals, and the valid questionnaires for statistical analysis were (87) questionnaires, equivalent to (93.5%), where the SPSS statistical program was used to analyze these data. The multiple regression analysis test was used to test the study hypotheses. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is that there is a statistically significant correlation between the auditors’ use of a set of mechanisms and procedures and their role in auditing big data, and there is a role for auditors in the process of auditing big data in achieving the quality of financial information, meaning that procedures Mechanisms are one of the most important elements of activating the audit process in light of the big data as the conditions that must be met by the auditor such as the skills and capabilities and the contents of the reports submitted by him, and that the use of big data leads to improving the quality of financial information, because big data helps in increasing the content Knowledge of financial information by providing detailed data in a timely manner. The study made several recommendations, the most important of which was the need to raise the levels of awareness and awareness of auditors of the importance of auditing big data because of its impact on improving audit outcomes and quality, as well as improving their capabilities in the long-term.

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21. 21
    Social Science Original Research pp. 505-531

    Aesthetic of Facial Allusions in the Poetries of (Jamal Sharbazhery and E H B)

    Aso Omer Mustafa, Zrar Sardar Muhammad

    Aesthetic of Facial Allusions in the Poetries of (Jamal Sharbazhery and E H B)) The process of communication and transferring knowledge via language allusion cannot be successful alone rather it needs non-linguistic reference to develop the communication. This significant role is the same in literature field as well. One of the non-linguistic reference is facial expression, so interpreting and analyzing any gesture and facial expression have its meaning and message. Though, it has a great role in literature particularly in poetical texts. Embodiment of facial gestures in poetry will contribute the shortness, purifying and aesthetic of the poetry which is the historical characteristics of poetry. Both poets ( Jamal Sharbazhery and E H B) embioment the facial expressions in their poetries successfully, so they were significant basics of aesthetics of the poetries. In most cases the gestures and facial expressions more attracts both poets and they were under the influence of gestures and facial expressions.

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22. 22
    Social Science Original Research pp. 532-552

    A personal narration of (Wrena w tarmaiy) Salah Omar, (Daftary piraniy Gamnak) Mardin Eibrahim

    Ali mustafa najmaddin, Najm Khalid Najmadin

    Narration is one of the essential element of a navel. No navel can be written without narration. That’s why it has become an important topic, and the universal literary criticism pays a great deal of attention to it. The study, as (a personal narration of (Wrena w tarmaiy) Salah Omar, (Daftary piraniy Gamnak) Mardin Eibrahim). The entire narration is taken from the Kurdish society and culture. It talks about the pain and suffering of the society. The study is made of two basic parts. Each part is divided in to other sections. The first part, which is the orifical, deals with the definition of narration and its types. The second part, which is practical, studies the relationship of narration with each of the writer, characters and a narrator using examples of different novels. At the end of the study, there is a reference list, abstract and founding.

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23. 23
    Social Science Original Research pp. 553-583

    Adjective phrases in Kurdish

    Mohammed Hussein Mohammed, Talib Hussein Ali

    This research under the title of (Adjective Phrase in Kurdish) An attempt to identify the use of adjective phrases in Kurdish, According to the ( X-Bar) theory and some other branches of theory that are parallel to this theory, According to this branch of theory, syntactic structures are constructed by lexical elements and the information stored in the mental lexicon, Reliance syntactic and semantic knowledge, However, we have relied more on syntactic information for the appreciation and analysis of phrases, We have resorted to semantic information as necessary, We have shown the ability and will of the Adjective as a grammatical head and have explained the order of the heads and complements, In general, attempts have been made to portray the adjective as a projective lexical element in the phraseology of the adjective, not as materials expanding the noun phrase, Because adjective have the ability to Selection syntactically and semantically As a grammatical head, it contains all the characteristics of a head and is generally the last head in the structure of phrases. All these are presented in two chapter in the study in addition to the introduction, conclusions and list of sources.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper23 0 views Read article
24. 24
    Social Science Original Research pp. 584-598

    The state of aggregation of the society: social metaphors Zygmunt Bauman

    Hikmat Namuq Ali

    This article deals with the problem of studying descriptive constructions and metaphorical orders used by the famous Polish-English sociologist Zygmunt Bauman to determine the actual order of social reality. The process of transformation of the aggregate metaphors "liquid", "fluidity", "melting" into metaphors of social research and theorizing is consistently considered. The article draws attention to the descriptive potential of aggregate metaphors when changing their status in the disciplinary field of social research.

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25. 25
    Social Science Original Research pp. 599-616

    The place in the novel of the (night of the fall of Galwala) to Tahseen Garmiani

    Hersh Muhammad Amin, Muhammad Abdulla shexa

    his research deals with the place in the novel (The Night of the Fall of Jalawla) by Tahsin Karmyani، to analyze the place in it، reveal its concept، its significance and its relationship to the elements of narration in the novel، and to show its patterns in three groups of places in the form of opposite dualities represented in the sympathetic and hostile place، the closed and open place، the place of movement and residence And this element has an important role in explaining the character’s relationship with the place and its impact on the psychological and emotional state of the novelist.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper25 0 views Read article
26. 26
    Social Science Original Research pp. 617-637

    The Basic Forms of Poetry gener in the “Kurdistan” Newspaper of Tehran This paper is a part of master's thesis entitled:

    Mariwan Omar Hassan, Awara Khadr Mahmoud

    The term genre in the literary literature means (type, style, category, or literary element). genres include all the artistic frameworks and templates that poets and writers use to shape their thoughts, consciousness and emotions. In ancient times (classical age) the boundaries between literary genres are clearly defined on the basis of the purity of genres. In general, genres had enjoyed a kind of independence. However, in the later stages, the boundaries between genres were crossed since they merged, went into each other and lost their sanctity and independence. For example, a genre of epic or free verse poetry is a combination of the characteristics of two or more genres within one new literary genre. In addition, the four main genres of poetry, lyric, epic, drama, didactic form the general structure of the base of poetry, each of which has several different genres. This feature, of course, existed in the most publications of the 'Kurdistan Newspaper' in Tehran.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper26 0 views Read article
27. 27
    Social Science Original Research pp. 638-674

    The Role of The Media in Revealing Social Problems - Murder Crime as An Example

    Hemin Amin Jalal Shwani

    Basically, There Are Two Types Of Murder, Deliberate Murder And Accidental Murder (Act Of God). This Study Is Devoted To Deliberate Murder, Such As (Murder For Money, Honor Killing Based On Honor Pretext, Murder By Torture, Murder As A Result Of Sexual Assault, Murder Of Children, Murder Due To Violence And Beating. However, As It Has Been Showcased in This Study, In Kurdistan Region Unlike Any Other Place, There Are Many Other Types of Murders on Various Reasons Such as Car Light Signaling, Pigeons, Children's Fights, Household Water Wells, Car Parking, Dog Fights, Roosters’ Fights, Gender Transition, Electricity Circuits, Chocolate, Land Properties, Religious Conversion, Leading in Folk Dance). According To the World's Renowned Website (Our World in Data), In 2019 Alone, More Than (415,000) Thousand People Died in Deliberate Murder, Which Is Almost Three Times Higher Than the Number of Those Who Were Killed In Armed Clashes, Wars Terrorism And Conflicts On Countries’ Level. In Kurdistan Region, Although The Number Of Deliberate Killings Has Decreased In The Past Five Years, Yet Compared To Most Countries In The World, The Rate Is Still Alarming. In The Study’s Findings It Is Highlighted That Non-Compliance Of Media To Applicable Laws And Regulations, Lack Of Monitoring Of The Media In General In Presenting News On Murder, Showing Crime Related Programs And Movies And Lack Of Family Vigilance On The Use Of Electronic Games And Social Networks As Well As Lack Of Professional Journalists And Capable Staff, The Social Problem Of Murder Is More Evident And Has Affected The Mental State And Social Security Of Individuals And Families In Society.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper27 0 views Read article
28. 28
    Social Science Original Research pp. 675-699

    Harassment and its Correlation to Psychological Health of Adolescent Girls: A Field Study in Rania City

    Pshtiwan Awlla Khder, Jwan Ismail Ahmed Bakr Khoshnaw

    Harassment is a global phenomenon these days, and it’s an issue facing communities around the globe. This has attracted researchers to write and comment on the phenomenon. The problem is a global threat, in particular to females. Although men also face harassment, but this is not the focus of this paper. Among females, the generation who are in particular targeted are adolescent girls. The main purpose of this paper is to find the correlation between harassment and mental well-being of adolescent girls. Researchers have made use of the descriptive-analytic method. For this purpose, researchers have prepared a form which includes the standards of harassment. The form has two main parts. The standards of harassment has 32 points, and the standards of mental health has 22 points. Samples were taken randomly from (334) adolescent girls from high school levels in Rania city. Researchers have utilized both SPSS and AMOS programs. This paper has found that none of the forms of (harassment, physical, verbal, symbolic and online), have become a common phenomenon among the samples taken. Instead, the problem appears in the form of instances. It is also found that the mental health of the participants is in good standing. However, participants who have faced harassment at ages 6 to 10 appear to have weaker mental health than other ages. Data also shows that adolescences who face harassment suffer from more mental health problems than their peers who have not faced the problem. In addition, adolescent girls who have faced online harassment have weaker mental health compared to their peers who have faced other forms of harassment.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper28 0 views Read article
29. 29
    Social Science Original Research pp. 700-718

    A.B Hawri`s poetic experience in Kurdish literature

    Mohammed Ameen Abdullah, Diman Mohammed Salah

    As is obvious there are many famous poets in Kurdish literature their reputation crossed the borders to be familiar for the other nations, others for any reason couldn`t reach that level That is why focusing on the second group and paying attention to the products they have provided is acknowledged as scientific responsibility, because their product is a valuable Kurdish literature wealth and it`s very important to be preserved. from this point of view, we conducted this research entitled (A.B Hawri`s poetic experience in Kurdish literature),which is the contents of our master`s letter, we`ve highlighted the poet`s live, experience and products, as well as his interpretation and analysis of poetry because he believed that the content of poetry is more important than its form which is the same view that modern poets have about poetry ,he was one of the poets who followed the same innovation in poetry, also we studied his era political and social environment and we knew his perspective about that era`s events through poetry.The we highlighted the literature, intellectual period and his education stage which Hawri went through ,then himself as a teacher was in pursuit of upbringing and educating sons of this country.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper29 0 views Read article
30. 30
    Social Science Original Research pp. 719-738

    Affixation of Persian language’s root morphemes in Kurdish language

    Sherwan Hussein Hamad

    This study explores several converted Kurdish affixes that have come to the language from Persian and other Iranian languages. In other words, they were root morphemes in their native language. They haven’t come to the Kurdish language as roots but as affixes. That’s why, those roots have gone through borrowing and affixation. This study explores the nature and origin of those linguistic materials/items of how and where they’ve come to Kurdish language. This study explains the rules and steps of affixation. For the purpose of data analysis, ten Kurdish affixes have been used. Their outcome has been shown, through receiving all those words that have come into life because of those affixes. This study also answers this question that has been asked in Kurdish morphology about the constituent parts of those words the affixes take parts in their production. Sometimes those affixes can be words or bound morphemes. They will be analyzed based on their counterpart words meaning, or they will be analyzed based on other words in the language that their meaning is quite different from them. The results show that borrowing between languages is not restricted to words only but smaller linguistic materials/items as well, such as affixes can be borrowed from a language to another. Despite the phonetic changes that happen to a word when it comes to another language, its category and meaning can be restricted and changed but its meaning can be kept. Their outcome and ability to explain can increase with some phonetic changes.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper30 0 views Read article
31. 31
    Social Science Original Research pp. 739-772

    The analysis Hydromorphometric Watershed Barsool Basin

    Hushyar Ibrahim Mina, Pshtiwan Ali Mohmmed, Yadgar Mustafa Ibrahim, Pshtiwan Shfeeq Ahmed

    The Barsool River watershed is one of the branches of the lower Zab River in the Pishdar district. It flows into the lower Zab River about 100 meters southwest of Kawiya village. It is located between the latitudes (o36 07" 14'-o36 12" 00’) of North and longitudes (o45 "09 '51-o45 "19 '22) of East. The main source of this river is located in the Kurdistan Region, in the Pishdar district. The source of water for this river is located in the valley of Beklo, Gira, Dega, Badinbal, and Darashman villages. The main goal of the study is to introduce the environmental characteristics of the study area and describe the specific map for each of them in order to analyze and determine how to use the water resources in the study area. At The beginning of the research was an analysis of the natural environment of the Barsool watershed and its impact on the water flow system, such as (geology, topography, water, air, and soil). This is based on an analysis of natural characteristics and their direct and indirect impacts on river flow. In the second part, the most important hydro morphometric measurements were conducted for the watershed, emphasizing the surface water resources that are reflected in the two branches of the river (Badin and Bajkaran) that form the Barsool River in Barsool village. Groundwater includes 19 springs in terms of morphometric characteristics (area, shape, topography, flow network, and flow rate) have been described. The results show that the natural characteristics of the study area play a major role in the richness of water resources and the rapid flow of streams, rivers, and the main river of the watershed.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper31 0 views Read article
32. 32
    Social Science Original Research pp. 773-793

    Geographical distribution of Archaeological places and how to develop them in Ranya district

    Azhin anwar yusif, Chnar mahmood ibrahim, Hushyar Ibrahim mina

    Archaeological sites are considered one of the main principles of tourism provision and an important human resource in this research entitled Geographical distribution of archaeological places and how to develop them in Ranya district (a study in the geography of tourism). The aim is to show how archaeological areas are distributed and developed in the study area, as well as to highlight the problems of archaeological areas. To achieve the goal of the study, descriptive and analytical methods were used, along with the use of geographic information systems (Arc GIS v. 10.8) to create maps related to the study area and the distribution of archaeological places in the district. The study has reached several results; there are about 63 archaeological sites in Ranya district that attract tourists. The geographical distribution of the archaeological places is so close to each other, which is important because tourists can visit several archaeological sites in a short time at a low cost. To develop the economy of the region and promote the tourism sector, there should be the construction of transportation roads to the archaeological areas in the district and further introduction and showing of the tourism potential in the study area.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper32 0 views Read article
33. 33
    Social Science Original Research pp. 794-825

    Geomorphological hazards on transportation roads in Sarkapkan township

    Roshna Muhammad Ahmed, Yadgar Mustafa Ibrahim

    Sarkapkan sub-district, in terms of administration, belongs to Ranya district in Slemani province. Astronomically, it is located between the located in latitude (northern Longitude °36: ¯28:꓿27-°36: ¯15: ꓿21.) (°45: ¯51: ꓿35- east °45: ¯46: ꓿39)eastern longitudes. It is located in the northwest of Slemani Province. The study area includes a strategically important economic and military road that borders with Warte sub-district in Erbil province, as well as a number of secondary roads that connect human settlements to the urban center, and in physiography is located in a hard mountainous area. The main objective of this study is to identify the environmental characteristics of the study area and draw a specific map for each of them in order to analyze the risks faced by the roads in the study area. The study begins with an analysis of the natural environment in Sarkapkan sub-district and its impact on roads, such as (geology, topography, climate, soil, and vegetation cover). In the second part, we discussed the introduction of road networks in terms of (main, secondary, and village roads) and then the role of humans in destroying the balance of the earth and as a factor in the creation of danger on roads, this is an analysis of each of these natural features and their direct and indirect impact on traffic networks. In the third part, each of the processes (water erosion and movement of materials) is discussed and their impact on the creation of hazards on the roads is examined, and then a morphodynamics map is created to determine the level of morphodynamics risk in the study area. The results of the study show that natural characteristics and human activities play a major role in the creation of geomorphological hazards on traffic networks and their destruction.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper33 1 views Read article
34. 34
    Social Science Original Research pp. 826-845

    A Geographical analysis for mine distribution and its impact on natural pasture in Sulaymaniyah government.

    Dler Khalid Hassan, Pishtiwan Shafiq Ahmad

    Mine is identified as a part of war and intimidating weapon for people. It is a war weapon which is used for the purpose of disserving both physical and material damages. It is the most effective and the cheapest weapon which is designed to be placed under a material or under the ground near the surface of the natural pastures that are not useful for the purpose of cultivating and farming due to some natural factors such as (topography, climate, soil, etc.) of the lands which covered with forests and grasslands because of the diversity of the places, the types and the variability of the seasons which grow up without any human efforts. The lands that are the main sources of the best, healthiest, and cheapest kinds of fodders and algae for all domestic and wild animals. Natural pastures are also renewable resources that have influence on all the aspects of geographical, environmental, economic, social, etc. of each regions. The study attempts to show the distribution of minefields in Sulaymaniyah province, the history of mines in the study area, and their effects on natural pastures in the Sulaymaniyah province. Some factors in the study area cause an increase in mines; the study attempts to show the distribution of minefields in the Sulaymaniyah province to protect people, tourists, and livestock owners in the border region in particular. In the study, inductive, regional, and analytical methods are used. The study consists of three main parts: the first is about the site and situation of Sulaymaniyah province; the second is about the types of mines and the distribution of minefields in the Kurdistan region and Sulaymaniyah province. The last part is about the effect of mines on the natural pastures in the study area, with a conclusion and suggestion to reduce the impacts of mines on the natural pastures and their people in Sulaymaniyah province in general. At the end of the study, some results were obtained, such as: Sulaymaniyah province has the highest rate of landmines, which is about %64 of all landmines included in the Kurdistan region, and about %84 of landmines in Sulaymaniyah province are located in districts that have borders with Iran, because of the Iraq-Iran war. In the study area, minefields have an impact of about %4.11 on natural pastures, and about %64.43 of the livestock wealth in Sulaymaniyah province depends on natural pastures.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper34 0 views Read article
35. 35
    Social Science Original Research pp. 846-860

    The one charged with paying the tax in the Land Patent Right (Musataha) contract

    Hemin Rasul Murad

    It is quite obvious that taxes are among the basic revenues in most of the world countries, regardless of their political and economic systems and that the real estate tax which is a type of direct taxes, is imposed on the income that is generated from the real estate deal. The subject matter of musataha contracts is essentially income-producing land and such an income is the subject to the real estate tax. This study is entitled "The Tax Payer in Musataha Contract: A Study in Iraqi Law” and is an attempt to clarify the issue of interpretation and application of the first paragraph in article (10) of ‘the Real Estate Tax Law No. (162) of (1959)’ in respect of the imposition of taxes on real estates that are basically built under musataha contracts. Due to the fact that the abovementioned article does not explicitly refer to musataha but to the long lease instead and due to the many similarities between musataha and long lease, the tax departments in Kurdistan Region, may interpret the article as that the taxes which are imposed on the owner of the long lease, cover the right owner in musataha contract as well. Hence, such a serious issue needs to be the subject of an academic investigation to be clear enough for the tax departments in Kurdistan Region. In doing so, the researchers try to deal with the subject matter through two chapters and finally conclude with that paragraph (1) of article (10) of the Real Estate Tax Law which is in force now should be amended because its implementation in the tax departments, constitutes an explicit violation of paragraph (1), article (28) of the Iraqi Constitution (2005), when the tax is collected from musatih (the person who invests in the land) but the land ownership in musataha contracts, belongs to the government institutions which are exempted from paying taxes.

    10.26750/Vol(10).No(2).Paper35 0 views Read article