Acquisition
3 articles filed under this keyword.
The Effectiveness of A Proposed Strategy on The Acquisition of Grammatical Concepts in Kurdish Grammar Subject Amongst Eighth-Grade Elementary Students and Their Perceptions Toward the Subject.
Karzan Omar Farkha, Jawana Ahmad Hama Hussein, Karzan Mohammed Arif
The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of a suggested strategy on the understanding of grammatical concepts in Kurdish grammar among eighth-grade elementary students, as well as their perceptions of the subject. To achieve this aim, an experimental design was employed that included both experimental and control groups. The research sample comprised 42 students. Following the alignment of variables (previous year's Kurdish language subject grade, age, intelligence level, prior knowledge, and parental education level), participants were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group comprising 21 students instructed using the proposed strategy, and a control group of 21 students taught via traditional methods. The researcher subsequently developed a test for the acquisition of grammatical concepts comprising 25 multiple-choice items based on a specification table, and also created an attitude scale for the reading subject consisting of 35 items. The instruments were submitted to a panel of experts for validation. All test and attitude scale items received approval. To evaluate the reliability of the instruments, the (Test Re-Test) method was employed on a cohort of 88 students at the same academic level, conducted at two distinct intervals. The reliability coefficient for each measure exceeded 0.72. The research employed the following statistical tools: t-Test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Eta-square, Cohen's (d) for effect size, and Chi-square (χ²). The study concluded that a statistically significant difference exists between the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group providing better outcomes in acquiring grammatical concepts and a more positive attitude toward the subject.
Volume 11 · Issue 6 · December 2024The level of acquisition of historical concepts for tenth and eleventh grade literary branch students from the perspective of history teachers
Ahmed Ali Hama, Salam Abdulkarim Abdullah, Awat Ahmed Rashid
The purpose of this research is to prepare an appraisal criterion about the pitch of acquisition of historical concepts in the first and second parts of the history book of tenth and eleventh grades of literary branch students. At the same time, displaying the problem of foreshowing the concepts to students by some of teachers in Chamchamal Education Directorate. In order to hit the aim of the research, the researcher used the attributive analysis content method of. First of all, the researcher differentiated all of the historical concepts of the three vessel (pure, interim and spatial) of the first and second parts of the history book of the tenth and eleventh literary branch. Then preparing (60) multiple questions, which (30) questions were prepared for tenth grade students and (30) questions for eleventh grade students for both genders of males and females of the academic year (2022 - 2023). The tenth grade students of literary branch in Chamchamal education consisted of (621) boys and (399) girls, generally, the students of both genders in the tenth grade of literature consisted of (1020) students who were divided into (17) schools. However, the students of the eleventh grade of literature in Chamchamal consisted of (288) boys and (271) girls. In total, the students of both genders in the tenth grade of literary consisted of (559) students who were divided into (20) schools in the abuttals. Thus, the total number of students in the tenth and eleventh grades of literary brunch in governmental schools of the Chamchamal Education Directorate, The number of students in the region reaches (1579) students. It includes (909) male students and (670) female students. Then the researcher assigned the validity and stability of the devices according to Person's equations, arithmetic mean, test (T. test), after verifying the validity of the tool, The researcher used the statistical program (SPSS). As a result, The researcher discovered that all the historical concepts of the first and second parts of the history of the tenth and eleventh grades with all of the three vessel (pure, interim and spatial) and can be used as a criterion and get benefit from them for the other researches.
Volume 10 · Issue 3 · September 2023Mother tongue and second language learning methods
Sajida Khalid Ahmad, Atif Abdullah Farhadi
The failure of Iran's in the wars against Russia, then the agreement of Gulistan in 1813 and the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828 which caused the increase of Russian authority in Iran, according to that agreement Russia got the right to take a number of privileges ،imposition of border agreement and open some consulates. The Russians were able to act as they wished. Iran's authority didn't matter much in managing their plans and works, they followed complete independence. Any protest by Iranian officials and senior officials politically and militarily, Russia would have tried to resolve it through bribes and promises. The result of all the wars and agreements between them was just a big loss and fine by Iran, A wide area of Iran become part under Russian control. this left an impact on all sides especially the capitalist law after it was implemented in Iran. The arrival of( Alexander Griboyedoff) as Russian ambassador in the era of Fath- Ali Shah and then killing the ambassador are clear evidence of Russia's illegal interference in the affairs of that country. Russia was always trying to expand its powers in Iran against its rivals especially Britain. For this reason, whenever getting any privileges by Britain in the same way Russia was trying to get the same privileges. The conflict between Russia and Britain in Iran and their attempts to establish power and more getting their interests were the direct reason for their strengthening and interfering in iran's internal and external affairs.