Agriculture
7 articles filed under this keyword.
The Culture and Social Culture of Mahabad Residents(1880-1946)
Awat Ahmad Qadir, Sarwar Abdulrahman
This study investigates one of the most significant features of the social history of Mahabad, which is one of the famous cities in Kurdistan. Inspite of that Mahabad was the capital of Republic of Kurdistan politically, it, socially, had a long social characteristic. Because Mahabad located on one of the commerce roads between East and West, it became a crucial center of commerce between East and West areas; moreover, it became a lively city socially with having its own culture and social features. Coming various people from Russia and Ottoman Empire to Mahabad for commerce and being many Jewish and Christian families in the city, certainly, had a considerable influence on the social condition generally and on the culture and social culture of the city specifically. This study includes two scientific themes. In the first theme, we talk about the protocols of hospitality, horse riding, and jokes and games in Mahabad, in which the city had its own feature in this regard. Besides, in the second theme we have dealt with three social phenomena: wedding ceremonies, parties, and visiting the cemetery of good people. The significance of the study is that only few researches have been conducted in this socio-historical domain although it is very important.
Volume 11 · Issue 5 · October 2024The Impact of Random Gardens on Reducing of Agricultural Production
Kawa Mahmud Abdulrahman, Sakar Mohammed Hassan
Agricultural land is vital for production, but its size is shrinking each year. Efforts are being made to enhance it by agricultural institutions and organizations. This study addresses the problem of inefficient use of agricultural land resources, lack of suitable programs, and poor management, which leads to declining soil fertility and reduced productivity. The aim of this study to find better ways to use agricultural land by implementing improvement programs and assessing their impact on crop productions, to modernize agriculture. The data has come from 150 farmers, including 87 who have not properly followed soil enhancement programs, were analyzed. The results present that the growth of orchards reduces agricultural land area and per-acre productivity. Only 10% of gardens have expert supervision, and immoderate construction of new gardens further reduces agricultural land each year. The study provides recommendations to improve and preserve agricultural soil at local and regional levels.
Volume 11 · Issue 3 · June 2024The effect of political factors on agricultural land ownership and grain crops in Erbil Governorate 1975-1991
Najmaddin Abdullah Ismael, Mahdi Muhammad Qader
This research is entitled the impact of political factors on the ownership of agricultural land and cereal crops in Erbil province in 1975-1991. During the research, the agricultural situation in Erbil province was of special importance for economic development. These include the industrial and commercial sectors, as agricultural products have become an important resource used as raw materials in the industrial sector, in addition to agricultural activities and products have affected the movement and trade processes and exchange. Whether in domestic or foreign trade. Ownership of agricultural land in Erbil province has been under the influence of the Agricultural Reform Law to regulate and improve agricultural land. Based on several official government data and statistics obtained, the impact of political events in Iraq and Kurdistan on the ownership of agricultural land and grain crops in Erbil province between 1975-1991 is presented.
Volume 10 · Issue 3 · September 2023Natural abilities for Agricultural Development in Shaqlawa District
Hashim Hamadamin Hadad, Srusht Authman Rashid
Shaqlawa District, one of the districts of Erbil Governorate, which plays an important role in the agricultural sector, as it possesses a range of important natural resources that have a direct impact on agricultural development in the district. The main objective of the research is to present the natural ability of the region and its role in development between 2010 and 2020 and to show its positive and negative role in the process In order to obtain the goal of the research, we relied on the data and statistics of the Directorate of Agriculture of Arbil and the Division of Agriculture (Shaqlawa, Harir and Balisan) and the researcher relied on the preparation of research maps on geographic information systems (GIS) and finally we reached the following conclusion, the natural capabilities authorized by the region have a direct impact on the production of a large quantity of agricultural products annually.
Volume 9 · Issue 4 · September 2022The Economic Impact of the Zangi State (521H/1127AD – 569H/1174AD) on Ayyubid State (570H/1175AD – 647H/1250AD)
Ahmed Rahda Ahmed, HamaSalh Hassan Khdir
The ayyubid and zangi dynasties were two sem – independent rules within the Islamic world. They were founded during the period in which the abbasid and the suljukians ruled. The center of the zangi state is rule was located in mousil, part of cezere rigion and east of the levant state, and the ayyubid family were living peacefully under the zangi state in balabag city, where they held significant administrative and military positions. Following the death of nuraddin zangi in (569 H/1174 AD), the ayyubid family had the chance to establish their own dynasty. Since saladdin al-ayyubi who was who was nurradin zangis deputy in Egypt، managed to take advantage of the political and military gaps arose due to nuraddins death. Therefor, in (570 H/1175 AD), he established the ayyubid state in Egypt. Since it was founded over the same zangi state lands, the ayyubid state posses many features and similarities of the zangis. Especially in politics، administration, economy, civilization, etc… here, we shed some light on the economic impact which copy the zangi rules in most aspects. They focused on improving agricultural and industrial activities, commerce in Levant and Egypt on the Mediterranean and the red sea. Also, they zakat, taxes and the way they dealt with things captured in battles. They made some reforms to remove the burden of extra taxies imposed by the zangi state.
Volume 8 · Issue 1 · March 2021Suitability Of Pshdar Environment To Yielding Rice
Lanja Salah Abdulla
Agriculture Geography is one of the economic Geography branches, agriculture is considered one of the important things that attracted the human attention since their existence which was the cause of the human civilization. Agriculture Geography study the natural phenomena, water, air, soil, and vegetation that cover the earth surface, which is considered as a principle of agriculture production and it may differ from location to another, the agricultural production is a function of the human activities. Knowing the agricultural principles is considered as approve of having human activities within the human geography. This research aims at carrying out an agricultural geography analysis to check the environmental suitability of Pshdar District in producing rice, the investigation has been done in the period 2015 to 2020. The study has been made on the main resource of food that is consumed by the residents of this district. Many maps and tables have been used in this research with the aid of numerous references in order to come up with some recommendations, we have concluded that the study area is rich of human and natural resources which can become a very suitable location for rice production if it is paid some attention.
Volume 7 · Issue 1 · January 2020Economic Evaluation of Smaguli dam under the light of Geographic Factors
Aso Swar Namiq, Karwan Sabah Hewrami
Dam especially small dams have enormous impact on socio-economic aspects. Kurdistan region of Iraq has a plan to construct many dams for socio-economic purposes. There are different ideas about the impact of small dams; this work takes Smaquli Dam as an example to evaluate changes after completion of the dam in the Smaquli Village. In this paper, questioner and interview with compression and analyzing methods were used to obtain clear vision about the study area. The main question in this paper is that, what are the main Economic-Geographic changes in the study area after completion of the dam? The paper gives information about, the study area, and the main changes that existed after construction of the dam. The paper has found that, because of the dam the area has enough amount of water to produce 1,134 Ton of Corn (Maize), the population size in this area increased by 14%, tourism sector flourished by more than 17000%, the price of land rose by 200%