Art
6 articles filed under this keyword.
Interpreting the Achaemenid Women’s Multifaceted Roles Through Seal Engravings
shalaw mustafa, Imad abdullah
The civilization and works of art of the growing state of Kurdistan is generally considered as the most majestic and impressive ancient civilizations in the world, specifically in the history of ancient Persian. We can summarize the whole range of administrative activities and artistic works that this civilization possessed, including sculpture, carving, writing, and architecture, within its administrative system. Although the artistic engravings on the walls of palaces, the engravings of graves within mountains, and the art of sculpture are among the prominent features of the Achaemenid state, however, the absence of direct depiction of women’s imagery in any of these places, including the palace walls, Jamshid state, Pasargadae, Shush, has unfortunately left a big artistic gap in the Achaemenid state. However, the artistic seals within that civilization, which are considered one of the important tools of administrative management within the Achaemenid State, have been able to fill that gap to some good extent, which has become a subject of question by researchers. In several seals whose history dates back to this state, some of which were discovered in the region of Jamshid and others in different regions of Achaemenid, various images of women in different times and places were engraved. From these images, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of women’s social, political, and religious roles in the Achaemenid state.
Volume 12 · Issue 5 · October 2025Identity and Symbols of Ancient Artistic Sculptures in Kurdistan Region
Hawkar Shukur Mahmood, Aras Ismail Khider
This research studies specific areas to discuss the identity of ancient sculpture and its artistic significance and Symbols in the Kurdistan region. The term "Stone Bar" refers to both two-dimensional and three-dimensional engravings on the face of rocks and mountains, achieved by taking small and suitable pieces of rocks and carving them to create sculptures with distinct artistic identities and meanings. Generally, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Mesopotamia), namely the Kurdistan region and its surrounding areas, has inherited numerous rock carving artifacts. In addition to rocks, in some other civilizations, wooden carving artifacts have been left in this area due to the ease of obtaining wood from trees and transforming it into household tools and artistic materials at that time. Sculpture, on the other hand, refers to any statue created through construction or the addition of parts made from various raw materials, aimed at expressing different artistic themes and projects. This research represents an intellectual and aesthetic exploration of expressions and the discovery of identity and artistic meanings in ancient sculpture works in Kurdistan. The research also relies on artistic, social, archaeological, and geographical dimensions of the archaeological areas from which the research sample is drawn. It involves examining, recording, and analyzing the characteristics, shapes, signs, and symbols of the research sample's sculptures, as well as the method of classifying their identities and artistic meanings. This is done in order to open new avenues for achieving the original artistic identity of ancient sculptures in Kurdistan.
Volume 12 · Issue 4 · August 2025The Reflection of Postmodern Thought in Contemporary Sculpture in Kurdistan Region/Iraq
Wasan Badri Muhsin, Bayan Mani
Postmodernism, an impactful artistic movement from the 1960s to the 1990s, critiques modern art while accepting various art forms and critical philosophies. It, however, places focus on modern day art and its meaning far beyond the traditional framework. In the case of Kurdistan, Postmodernism comes with these traits alongside the Kurdish cultural heritage and history. It is honest to note that Kurdish artists strive to illustrate the delicate balance of the Kurdish society and identity through a rich tapestry of common experiences and memories. In Kurdistan, Postmodernism is an expedition of innovative self-exploration and continuing inquiry. It aims to intend to provide a perspective that enables wider artistic freedom while upholding the essence of Kurdish culture. In this context, the Kurdish art is continuously encouraged to actively participate in the universal dialogue about art and culture.
Volume 12 · Issue 4 · August 2025Relationship between Illustration and Graphic Printing in the Art Works of Kurdistan Regional Artists
Chawan Mohammed Muhealaden, Rebwar Said
This research is entitled (Relationship between Illustration and Graphic Printing in the Art Works of Kurdistan Regional Artists), The first section includes topics related to the general framework of the study, which consists of: research problem, research importance, research objectives, research limitations and definition of terms. The research problem is identified through several questions as follows: 1- Have the arts of illustration and graphic printing been able to continue according to history and changes in human life and have always been renewed? 2- To what extent has the art of illustration and graphic printing become a subject of work for artists in the Kurdistan region?" 3- To what extent has the art of illustration and graphic printing served as a means of communication and expression in the essence of human culture and history? With the aim of providing an interpretive analysis of illustration art and graphic printing in the Kurdistan region, the second section, which is the theoretical framework of the research, delves into the history of the emergence and development of graphic printing and illustration art. It also discusses the techniques and fields of illustration art and graphic printing. In the third section, researchers have presented examples of artworks created by artists from the Kurdistan region who have worked in the fields of illustration and graphic printing in a scientific manner. The fourth section presents the results, conclusions, recommendations, and references.
Volume 12 · Issue 3 · June 2025Depiction of Kurdish clothing in paintings by artists from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Payam Rebwar hamasalih, Nabaz Abdullatif
In this research, the researcher has worked on investigating about Kurdish design clothes and its reflections especially in contemporary art in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This research presents the basic concept of authenticity in Kurdish fashion design and its characteristics. This research contains four chapters. The first one of the research is devoted to the general framework of the research, which is containing the Research problem and the main questions, such as presenting the issue of authenticity and arguing the reasons behind the unique form of Kurdish clothing design and the differences with neighborhood countries, as well as presenting a central question about the factors of reflecting Kurdish clothing design within contemporary painting in Kurdistan Region. The first section also includes terms and glossary definition, according to the definition of words in the linguistic context in addition to the concepts definition of the term, in the field of its usage and to be matching the procedures of the recent research. While the second chapter of this research is devoted to the theoretical framework of the research, which consists of two topics, the first topic is entitled (The Basic Elements of Design), while the second topic is entitled (A brief study about the roots of Kurdish Clothing).
Volume 10 · Issue 1 · March 2023The Relationship between Art and Education
Hasan Husen Sdiq, Bayar Othman Qadir
Art and education are two main significant subjects. They have had a great effect on both Man's life and thinking in past and their effects in present which are seen obviously yet nowadays. Indeed, as two different independent fields, each of them has its own independent concept, task and indication as well as there is a strong connection between them at the same time. As it can be seen and sensed their effective roles in Man's life and thinking clearly in different ways, in the same way, their connections are obvious and it has been reached a level that makes a new independent philosophical ideological field come into being which is (Education of Art). Art is a way of using of imagination to express idea through the various kinds of arts such as: music, drawing and painting, performance, literature, sculpture or any other subject in the field. According to different eras, philosophies and understandings; art has a different indication and meaning. In giving importance on the concept of art, it has been different form an era and a philosophy to an era and philosophy in different times and it can be seen that its significance is different clearly. In the same way, education is a really important subject and Man has given importance to it from pre-historic era for the purpose of directing, instructing, teaching and educating a person or a thing so as to adapt with a various environment and different elements until the final stage which is endurable. The significance and key role of this field has been noticed and seen in different ways throughout history. Although, each of art and education has relation with each other and they have influence on each other, at the same time, each of them has relationship with other sciences in different ways. Because, these two subjects are not closed subjects in the face of other fields like knowledge, thinking and public life. These connections are clearly appeared in fields of sociology, religion, science, ethics, psychology and nature. The relationship between art and education is more appeared in the education of children. The educators demand to get benefit from art to improve and ease the process of education, at the same time, it is given importance to education in order to teach different kinds of arts.