Borrowing
2 articles filed under this keyword.
Social Coexistence and its Effect on Lexical Change: A Morpho-Semantic Analysis of Lexical Items in a Kurdish Variety in Garmian
Wirya Ameen, Mohammed Hussein Ahmed
The Kurdish variety, spoken in the town of Kifri, in the southern part of Kurdistan Region (Garmian), has undergone changes as a result of borrowing words from other languages such as Arabic, Persian, and Turkmen. This paper deals, in particular, with words taken from the Turkmani language, and this is due to the coexistence of Kurdish speakers with people speaking this language in the area. The influx of words from this language into this Kurdish variety has caused enormous changes in the lexical structure of the language. The aim of the work is to highlight the effect of this social coexistence on this variety. This is done by selecting a number of Turkmen loan words in the language, and conducting a morpho-semantic analysis of them with reference to some phonological changes they have undergone in the process of borrowing. The research hypothesizes that the Turkmen loan words are expected to have undergone semantic, morphological, and phonological changes due to their adaptation to the host language system. The study adopts a qualitative method to carry out the analysis of the samples in the light of the aspects mentioned. The conclusions show that the analyzed samples have exhibited changes in the sphere of lexis and this has had no effect on the core structural system of the host language. Besides, the research has unraveled proportional discrepancies among the loan words in relation to the changes they have encountered. The significance of the study can be said to lie in its advantage for etymological studies that aim at investigating the origin of certain vocabularies in a given language. Similar studies can be suggested to quest for other linguistic aspects of borrowed words in given languages.
Volume 10 · Issue 2 · June 2023Affixation of Persian language’s root morphemes in Kurdish language
Sherwan Hussein Hamad
This study explores several converted Kurdish affixes that have come to the language from Persian and other Iranian languages. In other words, they were root morphemes in their native language. They haven’t come to the Kurdish language as roots but as affixes. That’s why, those roots have gone through borrowing and affixation. This study explores the nature and origin of those linguistic materials/items of how and where they’ve come to Kurdish language. This study explains the rules and steps of affixation. For the purpose of data analysis, ten Kurdish affixes have been used. Their outcome has been shown, through receiving all those words that have come into life because of those affixes. This study also answers this question that has been asked in Kurdish morphology about the constituent parts of those words the affixes take parts in their production. Sometimes those affixes can be words or bound morphemes. They will be analyzed based on their counterpart words meaning, or they will be analyzed based on other words in the language that their meaning is quite different from them. The results show that borrowing between languages is not restricted to words only but smaller linguistic materials/items as well, such as affixes can be borrowed from a language to another. Despite the phonetic changes that happen to a word when it comes to another language, its category and meaning can be restricted and changed but its meaning can be kept. Their outcome and ability to explain can increase with some phonetic changes.