Citizen
2 articles filed under this keyword.
The Role of the Citizens in the State of Social Contract Theories
Nazar Ahmed Yahya
thinkers believe that from the beginning of the humankind lived by natural laws, thus acted according to their own laws and wishes that's why there was a lot of friction and chaos between them. later humankind made deals and started organizing their matters. the will of the people became the center and that is where civil laws took over. this way the civil community and the governments have come together and the societies had the ability to fulfill people's desires. this study aims to analyze the ways of social contract theories and will depend on thinkers like: thomas hobbes, john locke and jean jacques rousseau in an attempt to find a solution for all the problems, disputes and accidents by the way of today's system of governments where the will of the people or the benevolent minority dominate over the decision of states. accordingly, a government becomes the cause of happiness for citizens in a qualitative style and proportion in terms of citizens’ participation. this means that people are part of the governance and have the right to political participation despite many different points that will be exposed by researcher via contract theories.Both analytical and comparative methods were used in this study.
Volume 12 · Issue 4 · August 2025The Impact of Roman Military Thought on the Culture Change and Citizenship from (107 BC to 305 AD)
Fursah Ahmad Hussein, Kameran Mohammed Jalal
This study is under the title (The Impact of Roman Military Thought on the Culture Change and Citizenship from 107 BC to 305 AD). It is a historic study; investigating the influence of Roman Military Thought and the willingness of the society to accept non-roman people and slaves as Roman citizens and being given the legal rights and privileges. The researcher believes that the cities and the colonial places are intensely interrelated which might be the crucial and decisive reason of interaction and the spread and cultural change on one hand. And on the other hand, entering the non-roman people into the army and organizing them in a suitable framework and getting the Roman citizenship after their graduation. Therefore, the researcher inquires how military thought had impact on the different aspects of society. And what was the society’s response and the challenges in front of the of the process? Through this study, the researcher aims to identify the nature of the influences of the cultural and social aspects of the society, which often indirectly had impact on through legal administrative organization, social structures and civil foundations in cities and colonies, and even through reconstruction and services. Also the continuous need of the army for a humanistic power and filling these gaps by non-Roman citizens by granting them Roman citizenship and transferring the troops and military units from different parts of the empire have reflected the substitute process in the long run.