Civil war
3 articles filed under this keyword.
Kamal Fuad's Role and Stance in the Kurdistan Parliament During its First and Transitional Cabinet (1992 - 2005) A Historical Study
Amanj Mohammedamin Abdullah, Dara Tawfeeq Kaka Amin
Researching intellectual and political figures is crucial for historical research. However, it can be challenging, especially if they have had a significant impact on their lives and played a significant role in their nation's liberation movement. Their activities and influences can foster positive relationships with their surroundings, leading to higher levels of success. Kamal Fouad, a Kurdish thinker, politician, linguist, and writer, is a patriotic figure with a positive attitude. The significance of this research stems from the fact that Kamal Fouad played an important role in a number of important laws and decisions during his tenure as Speaker of Parliament and Deputy Speaker of Parliament, including the drafting of the Kurdistan Region's constitution, the issuance of a federal decree for the Iraqi constitution, and the recognition of Anfal crimes and the chemical bombing of the Kurdish people as genocide. The research aims to present Kamal Fouad's role in the Kurdistan parliament and analyze his views on people's lives and livelihoods. It also examines his linguistic and academic fingerprints on the parliament's laws and decisions. In addition to descriptive and narrative methods, this study aims to objectively investigate events and attitudes through legislative discussions, which will yield significant results.
Volume 13 · Issue 2 · June 2026Political Career of Nawshirwan Mustafa Amin Among the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in Kurdistan (1958–1970)
Hiwa Hameed Sharif, Azad Ali Maulud
Research and investigation into the life stages of well-known and prominent figures in each society and nation - particularly those who played significant roles and whose activism influenced the events of their time - is an important task, especially for uncovering unknown aspects of those events. It also reveals their true impact and contribution to history. In the second half of the twentieth century, a number of political and military figures emerged as prominent leaders in Southern Kurdistan. Nawshirwan Mustafa Amin was one of them, leaving a lasting mark in the political, military, and intellectual spheres. This research project focuses on his role during his days in the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), which marked the beginning of his political activism. This study aims to objectively examine Nawshirwan Mustafa Amin’s true role, highlighting both his positive and negative impacts, and analyzing the underlying factors that shaped his development. To achieve this, the research employs methods of information discovery, analysis, and source comparison to uncover hidden aspects of his personality, beliefs, and political contributions. The project seeks to answer several key questions: How did his emergence and development take shape? In what ways did he use Rzgary magazine to criticize one wing of the KDP while supporting another? And why was he subjected to multiple assassination attempts and acts of political intimidation?
Volume 10 · Issue 4 · December 2023The Impact of Civil war on the Balakayati and Warte Region 1993-2000
Azad Ali Maulud, Luqman Braim Ahmad
Balakayati and Warte region, an area of a considerable magnitude, It is located in northeastern part of Hawler province. Throughout the latter part of the nineties of twentieth century, the region had become the battleground of civil war between the political parties of Southern Kurdistan. Those wars have left a profound and lasting negative economic, societal, and educational impact. Which tens of people were killed and the social contacts were hugely damaged. On the other hand, Internal wars and conflicts had extermly impacted on education and health sectors, and led to poverty and destruction. It is worth mentioniy thet, this topic is neglected by history researchers. Therefore we decided to conduct research on this significant issue. This research paper includes an overview about Balakayaty and Werte, moreover two sections connected to economical and social negative impacts on the district.