Concept
3 articles filed under this keyword.
The Concept of Heritage and Composed Songs and Their Reflection as An Instrumental Method in Kurdish Music.
Bekas Abdulqader Abdal, Amanj Ghazi Shaker
Heritage and composed songs are two fundamental bases of the Kurdish structural music, which differ in their foundation, characteristics, and radiance. This study is based on a doctoral dissertation entitled “The Vitalization of Kurdish Folk, National, and Composed Songs in the Practical Methodology of the Qanun Instrument.” It aims to analyze the melodic structures and features of these types of songs, and it also shows their usage in the practical methodology of the Qanun instrument. In addition, it investigates the distinction between these kinds of songs. The researcher selects three representative examples from original Kurdish music for each kind, including heritage, national, and composed songs, to shed light on the impact of the culture and society on the selected songs. It also emphasizes the importance of incorporating Kurdish folk, national, and composed songs into an academic format that preserves their richness, history, and identity. Moreover, it concentrates on the inventions and abilities of Kurdish musicians and preserves their original Kurdish music. Furthermore, it helps people to distinguish between different moods, rhythms, and forms of different Kurdistan regions and distance them from the influences of foreign music, which is crucial for maintaining the authenticity of Kurdish musical identity across generations and geographic areas.
Volume 12 · Issue 6 · December 2025Historical Concepts and Their Teaching Challenges from Teachers' Perspective in Basic Education (Third Cycle) in Sulaymaniyah City
Awat Karim Mustafa, Sabir Bakr Mustafa
This research examines historical concepts, which comprise important terms and expressions related to historical events and occurrences that influence the thinking and values of the students and become integral components of students' cognitive structure. These concepts play a vital role in guiding students' lives. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher employed a descriptive-analytical method. The researcher designed a survey questionnaire to collect data about teachers' perspectives on historical concepts and their teaching challenges. After validating the reliability and consistency of the designed form, which consisted of 41 items, the research population comprised teachers from central Sulaymaniyah province, with a sample size of 408 teachers. After conducting statistical analysis of the collected data using the One Sample t-test, results showed that the calculated t-value (95.018) was greater than the table t-value (1.990), with degrees of freedom (df) of 399. This proved that according to teachers' perspectives, the concepts present challenges and they are unclear, leading to confusion among students. Additional challenges include insufficient allocated class time and a lack of appropriate teaching assistances are challenges of the teachers. Also, the large number of concepts in the curriculum and the incompatibility of some concepts with students' age levels create some other problems. Moreover, there is a continuous need to update knowledge and teaching methods. To address these challenges, several key points require attention. First, new technology and modern teaching methods should be implemented. Second, it is important to provide continuous training course for teachers to develop their capabilities.
Volume 11 · Issue 6 · December 2024The level of acquisition of historical concepts for tenth and eleventh grade literary branch students from the perspective of history teachers
Ahmed Ali Hama, Salam Abdulkarim Abdullah, Awat Ahmed Rashid
The purpose of this research is to prepare an appraisal criterion about the pitch of acquisition of historical concepts in the first and second parts of the history book of tenth and eleventh grades of literary branch students. At the same time, displaying the problem of foreshowing the concepts to students by some of teachers in Chamchamal Education Directorate. In order to hit the aim of the research, the researcher used the attributive analysis content method of. First of all, the researcher differentiated all of the historical concepts of the three vessel (pure, interim and spatial) of the first and second parts of the history book of the tenth and eleventh literary branch. Then preparing (60) multiple questions, which (30) questions were prepared for tenth grade students and (30) questions for eleventh grade students for both genders of males and females of the academic year (2022 - 2023). The tenth grade students of literary branch in Chamchamal education consisted of (621) boys and (399) girls, generally, the students of both genders in the tenth grade of literature consisted of (1020) students who were divided into (17) schools. However, the students of the eleventh grade of literature in Chamchamal consisted of (288) boys and (271) girls. In total, the students of both genders in the tenth grade of literary consisted of (559) students who were divided into (20) schools in the abuttals. Thus, the total number of students in the tenth and eleventh grades of literary brunch in governmental schools of the Chamchamal Education Directorate, The number of students in the region reaches (1579) students. It includes (909) male students and (670) female students. Then the researcher assigned the validity and stability of the devices according to Person's equations, arithmetic mean, test (T. test), after verifying the validity of the tool, The researcher used the statistical program (SPSS). As a result, The researcher discovered that all the historical concepts of the first and second parts of the history of the tenth and eleventh grades with all of the three vessel (pure, interim and spatial) and can be used as a criterion and get benefit from them for the other researches.