Critical Discourse Analysis
5 articles filed under this keyword.
The Discourse of Minorities and Stateless Nations
Abdulkhaliq Ibrahim Mustafa, Hiwa Jawad Taha
The main goal of the study is to find out how well artificial intelligence (AI) can perform Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Critical Media Discourse Analysis. It aims to discuss to what extent this technology can help researchers in the Kurdish language. On the other hand, the study also seeks to pinpoint areas where AI's potential is constrained or where it is shown to be completely incompetent. Using a qualitative methodology, this study analyzes AI-generated data and documents to achieve its goals. The researchers have made an effort to present the most important scientific tools and methods from the body of literature currently available on the connection between AI and CDA, as reported in international scholarly journals or proven by scientific research findings. The main focus of the study, though, is an experiment on AI to ascertain its potential in the domains of critical media discourse analysis and CDA. The study comes to the conclusion that, in spite of the benefits AI provides to Kurdish discourse analysis researchers, it is still inadequate or weak in analyzing the aspects of ideology and power, recognizing the connections between discourse and its political and cultural settings, exposing discourse tactics, and identifying the parts of discourse that are not spoken. This limitation results from AI's primary support and replication of the discourse of hegemonic and powerful states which marginalizes stateless nations and minorities who fall prey to the dominant and prevailing discourse.
Volume 13 · Issue 7 · July 2026Evaluation of Using AI in Analysing the Discourse of English Movies Critically
Nabilah Ahmad Baban, Kawa Abdulkareem Sherwani
This study is an attempt to evaluate how artificial intelligence (large language models, LLMs) analyses the discourse of movies critically. The LLMs are asked to analyze a movie called Hidden Figures critically using van Dijk’s sociocognitive approach, specifically the ideological square and the micro-macro analysis. The LLMs are Chat GPT based on GPT-4, Deep Seek 3, Perplexity Assistant, Gemini (Google AI) and Gemini (Google AI) Flash 2 . The study uses a qualitative method for analyzing the data. The data is from an American movie called Hidden Figures (2016) which is about three African American female mathematicians and their resistance to the systemic racism and sexism at NASA during the space race (1960s). The study aims at revealing the power dynamics of English movies, especially racism against black females. The main expected conclusion of this study can be that racism can be found in American movies. The significance of this study lies in using AI for discourse analysis. Since all the LLMs are recently developed, there are few studies in which AI is used to analyze discourse. The analysis demonstrates that the LLMs analyse the movie similarly except perplexity which analyses the in-group and out-group of the ideological square in a reverse way. Chat GPT, Deep Seek and Geminie flash 2 refer to the racial laws that were valid in the 1960s.
Volume 13 · Issue 7 · July 2026A Critical Discourse Analysis of AI Integration in Higher Education
Pawan Asghar Talib, Kawa Abdulkareem Sherwani
This study utilized Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to investigate English language instructors' perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in higher education within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, examining how these educators discursively construct their understanding of AI tools, the underlying ideological positions and power dynamics within their discourse, and the institutional and professional identity concerns that surface through their AI-related narratives. Through purposive sampling, 30 English language instructors from Salahaddin University participated in semi-structured interviews lasting 45-60 minutes each. Data analysis followed Fairclough's three-dimensional CDA framework, utilizing both manual coding and NVivo 12 software with inter-rater reliability of 0.87. Four predominant themes emerged with notable frequency: AI tools viewed as pedagogically constrained (89% of participants), concerns about professional vulnerability (76%), ethical integrity challenges (93%), and institutional governance inadequacies (100%). Data saturation occurred after 25 interviews. Results demonstrated that instructors predominantly framed AI tools through deficit-based discourse, establishing themselves as indispensable human educators while voicing concerns about professional marginalization. This research contributes to educational technology scholarship by revealing how faculty in semi-peripheral regions manage technological transformation through discursive resistance mechanisms, promoting contextually appropriate, educator-focused AI integration approaches.
Volume 12 · Issue 6 · December 2025Modality and Polarization in Language - Relativity and Absoluteness of Expression in Primary School Islamic Education Textbooks
Bahman Tahir Nariman, Nawzad Anwar Omer
This research employs the framework of functional linguistics, as elucidated by Michael Halliday, to analyze a selection of Ministry of Education textbooks concerning Islamic Education at the Primary Stage. Through the lens of Halliday's concept of language polarization, the study explores the manifestation of relative and absolute language in these textbooks and its implications for students' acceptance of religious views. It also investigates whether the educational approach treats Islam as a subject of indoctrination or encourages students to critically engage with it. Additionally, the study utilizes the methodology of critical discourse analysis, as outlined by Norman Fairclough, to examine the political dimensions influencing the use of relative and absolute language in education. It probes whether educational practices reflect an authoritarian agenda focused on passive reception of information or promote critical thinking conducive to democratic governance. By scrutinizing polar and interpolar expressions, particularly words conveying modality and polarity, the research assesses the degree of bias or impartiality in the formulation of Islamic education textbooks. It seeks to discern whether the authors primarily aim to inform students or to foster unwavering faith.
Volume 11 · Issue 2 · April 2024Intertextual Context in Kurdish Political Discourse, with Reference to Referendum Discourse
Srwa Faisal Azeez, Dyar Ali Kamal
This study is entitled "Intertextual Context in Kurdish Political Discourse, with Reference to Referendum Discourse". Intertextual context is Norman Fairclough’s perspective in critical discourse analysis which is concerned with explaining the sources of discourse production. It highlights what these sources are and where they relate to other texts. This subject is at the second level of critical discourse analysis which is known as discourse interpretation level. It is a significant part which aims at reaching the common knowledge sources of discourse participants via interpreting the intertextual context of a given discourse. The aim is to achieve a common interpretation, for, in this regard; any discourse or linguistic act is in a deep relationship with some other texts. The current study is an attempt to interpret and to a large extent identify the sources of the referendum discourse (the whole face to face speeches of Massoud Barzani, Chairman of the High Council for Referendum). This study employs the descriptive analysis method. It, first, presents Fairclough’s view on intertextual context. Then, the depicted examples of this are presented in the referendum discourse.