Democracy
5 articles filed under this keyword.
Democracy from Citizens’ Perspective
Jalal Ahmed Abdullah
The main aim of the study was to accomplish an exploratory execution of the citizens’ conceptualization of democracy. To achieve this goal, the researchers relied on qualitative design to conduct in-depth semi-open interviews with 24 citizens from the IKR, residing in the governorates of Erbil, Duhok, Sulaymaniyah, Halabja, and several autonomous administrations. Then, the results were summarized within several themes, such as: democracy as rights, freedom, equality and social justice; Democracy is the best political system and form of governance; Democracy is not just a Western way of life; democracy is a utopia; Democracy and religion will not be an alternative to each other. At the same time, the results of the study showed that those who have a positive view toward democracy, often stem from exigencies and expectations placed on democracy, particularly in its political dimension, especially in terms of providing the right to participate, freedom of expression, social justice in terms of distribution of wealth, roles and positions, equality before the law and providing opportunities. However, in its social and cultural facets, and as a result of comments about some of the outcomes and consequences of democracy in western countries in particular, the desire for democracy among Kurdistan citizens is lower.
Volume 12 · Issue 6 · December 2025The Change of Democracy in Iraq
Qadr Watman Rasull, Muhamed Sabr Karim
Re-establishing relations between citizens and governing in states that have been governed by dictatorship for decades is a very difficult process and requires the creation of a favorable environment. On the other hand،, it has its own mechanism and procedures،, which cannot be achieved by the existence of certain elements of democracy،, which complicates the process of democratic change، the dominance of nature and undesirable negative characteristics in the reality of the state and its political society. Examples of the weakness of cultural democracy، the experience of political pluralism and the implementation of tribal characteristics. From here, the political reality of the Rwpublic of Iraq after 2003 is largely a reality dominated by the nature of hegemony. After nearly four decades of domination of several dictatorial political systems whose constitutions contained non-democratic articles and paragraphs or at best the democratic principles of governance and followed the dictatorial form of power on the ground in the most widespread manifestations with the most extreme views. This reality in the governing system will be completed in 2003 after an international military operation. The reorganization of political life in this country will be one of the most important issues of the new post-dictatorship political process.
Volume 11 · Issue 5 · October 2024Democracy and freedom from the point of view of karls poper
Omar Khdir Rasull
This study deals with the philosophy of freedom and democracy by Karl Popper. Popper discusses the causes of the emergence of establishing a government from the perspective of democracy and freedom of elections. The main issue of the study is whether the emergence of government depends of man’s ability, and freedom and security of society. Popper believes that all the individuals are equal in front of the law because the legal states do not differentiate among the individuals who are equal in origin, language, culture, and gender. The state should also defend the land and control the military and economic sources. The democracy which is a political system depending on using rationality in politics or any other field needs an open society as political parties are tools for establishing governments. Popper believes that the wider the freedom is, it will be better for the government. Popper talks about democracy that no government is established without freedom and democracy. A dictator is a person who can be a president and calls for democracy and freedom of expression, but he rejects the other types of democracy because democracy has been known for rejecting dictatorship. In noocracy system, authority is given to a person, not for all, thus a president isn’t selected. To achieve secure and stable society, the government uses two types of elections, they are in the society and in the parliament. However, parliamentary elections are the most important ones topple the dictatorship without blood shedding.
Volume 11 · Issue 2 · April 2024Youth and their participation in the political process
Jabar Qader Ahmed
Youth people are the most important basis for the development of social and political systems and heritage change in different societies, so that their influence and dominance over various areas of life appears strongly, especially with regard to lifestyle, thinking, behavior and their point of view in the way of managing the political system. young people plays a powerful role in their Participation in the Political process, such as participation and representation in the electoral process, Pressure on the political system to achieve their demands, who were always been on the forefront of political, cultural and social changes and They were part of the process of changing and rebuilding political systems , when their demands are not met and they do not feel their presence in the political sphere, they do not allow political stability and continuity, so their presence and role appear strongly in society. this research is quantitative research, and the aim of the research is to display the active participation of young people in the political process. The research community is represented by universities and institutes in Erbil, sample research study from university and institute students through data collected from a data collection questionnaire. As a result of this research, we have found that 17.4 % members in student unions and youth organizations. However, 82.6% were not members of any organization, and only 29.4% of the participants were members of political parties. With regard to their active participation in the political process, it is interesting to note that 60.7% of the respondents do not have information about single-constituency and multiple-constituency system for the elections in the Kurdistan Region.
Volume 8 · Issue 2 · June 2021Pedagogical Thinking in Pragmatism John Dewey
Muslim Hassan Muhamad, Sarkar Hama Rashid Saeed
The process of life is linked to continuity and survival among all the organisms, and human being in nature are the most intelligent living organism unlike all other organisms in the sense that he is a social being since he desires to live in civilized life. By civilized life we mean a life where all individuals live in society for the sake of fulfilling the diverse needs they are unable to fulfill by themselves, because survival and continuity is not uneasy task since they constantly changing and increasing, so the members of a given society have to take the responsibility for achieving each other’s needs. The concept of education in the human society is said to be more different and extensive than other living things is because this process consists of developing mature members for the society, so that they can take the responsibility placed on them by that the society. The function of education is to determine the most appropriate methods, which are represented by the educational thinking of the thinkers and philosophers who organize the process of education and its suitability in a way that is compatible with all times, environment and. Pragmatism is considered as one of the approaches that has a great role in solving problems taking place among communities, so that education becomes a tool for solving problems associated with the human social live.