Drinking water
2 articles filed under this keyword.
The Production and Consumption of Drinking Water in the City of Ranya
Sakar Mohammed Hasan
Due to their critical role in preserving human life and all living beings, investigating water resources is essential. The district of Ranya which belongs to Sulaymaniyah faces lack of drinking water, specifically in the summer. The city basically relies on natural sources such as rainfall, surface water, and groundwater to fulfill its water necessities. The overall production capacity of drinking water filtration system and production facilities in Ranya in 2023 attained nearly 0.36 million cubic meters per day, or 131 million cubic meters annually. Qula water resource represented 92% of this total, whereas the rest 8% was provided by other resources across the city. This study applies a methodology grounded in fundamental ideas of economic geography namely production, utilization, and exchange. The researcher used cartographic, statistical, and fieldwork methods, together with an investigation of the existing state surrounding water-related issues in the region. The main objective is to examine the distribution of drinking water sources in Ranya, evaluates the everyday distribution provided to citizens, and assess its acceptability for consumption. The research applies fundamentalist, regional, and conduct-based frameworks to offer a comprehensive understanding of the issue. Findings show that water use and conservation in Ranya are neither systematically organized nor strategically planned. There is absence of rationalized consumption and no standardized system for the allocation and removal of water in the city.
Volume 6 · Issue 2 · September 2019Evaluation of Water Quality and the Efficiency of Ifraz-2 Water treatment plant-Units
Imad Ali Omar
Abstract: Water treatment plant (WTP) is essential for providing clean and safe water to the habitants. There is a necessity to evaluate the performance of (WTP) for proper treatment of raw water. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the quality of treated water by investigating the performance of Ifraz-2 (WTP) units located in Erbil City, Iraq. For assessment of the (WTP) units, samples were taken for a duration of five months from different locations: raw water (the source), post-clarification processes, post-filtration processes, and from the storage tank. Removal efficiencies for the units, and for the whole (WTP) were calculated and presented. Obtained removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit; filtration unit; and the entire Ifraz-2 (WTP) were 91.51 %, 64.71 %, and 97.29 %, respectively. After the process of disinfection and storage, the valued of the turbidity of the treated water were ranged from 1.2 to 9.7 (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) NTU. Besides, water quality index (WQI) for the (WTP) was studied and calculated for 14 physicochemical water quality parameters. WQI for Ifraz-2 (WTP) was 51.87 and it is regarded as a good level. Also, operational problems have been detected and reported during the research period, especially during sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Suitable solutions have been reported to the operational team.