Economic
2 articles filed under this keyword.
Women's Political and Economic Role in The Empire of Achaemenid
Shalaw Mustafa Abdalrahman, Hassan Qadir Mahmood
Women played a significant role in the political and economic realms of the Achaemenid Empire. This role is due to the rights given to women by Zoroastrianism and later institutionalized into law within the empire's constitution. This allowed women to actively participate in political decision-making and engage in economic activities of their society. Within the royal palace, women wielded considerable power and influence, often serving as key figures in the ascension of kings to the throne. Therefore, when someone became king with the support of his mother or sister or queen, he could not disobey the queen or mother or sister during his reign. Moreover, women in the palace and among the Persian dynasties formed their own groups, safeguarding their economic interests and political positions. The groups have often been used to spy, kill and oppose those who have acted against the interests and orders of senior women Thus, any discussion of the political and economic field of the Achaemenid state would be incomplete without acknowledging the pivotal role and influence of women within these spheres.
Volume 9 · Issue 2 · March 2022Economic Life of the Jews of the Sulaimani Brigade (1921-1958 )
Aras Abdurahman Mstafa, Diary Ali Pirot
In the first half of the twentieth century, The Jews formed a part of the Population of Kurdistan, and a large number of Jews in the Sulaimaniyah Brigade spread throughout the cities and villages, as well as the Jews' intelligence about their work and personality and the preoccupation of the Jews only. By work, this has generally made the Jews of all Iraq better off in their economic situation than most other nations, even if the Jews who lived in the villages did not get worse if they did not live better than the Muslims. In the Sulaimaniyah bazaar, they worked daily as Muslims in the city, and a number of Jewish shopkeepers in the bazaar, along with Muslim businessmen, were busy with business daily. In many cities and towns in Kurdistan, Geri was a prominent Jewish profession, and it has been mentioned in the narrations that many Jews have faced gangsters and obstacles between cities and towns. Agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry were other Jewish occupations, and they distributed their time to work, for example, in villages planting agricultural products in summer, and other jobs such as livestock and bending. For winter, although many historical sources point out, Iraqi Jews have generally worked less in agriculture than in other fields such as industry and commerce, so the Jews of Iraq have advanced to Israel. In terms of ownership and land, they were generally small and medium-sized property, and they did not have large property. The Jews were great in the industry, and in the most obvious effects of the departure of the Jews in Sulaimaniyah, it was the remaining goldsmith's career for the Kurds, because the Kurds had not done goldsmiths before. Only the Jews had this job, and Khomeini was one of the jobs that remained for the Kurds after the Jews, in a way that they started working in every Jewish khomeini shop. Knitting was one of the main professions in which Jews in Kurdistan had good experience, knitting as a Jewish industry, in research on Kurdish Jewish culture and in narrating the letters of tourists of the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century.