Economy
3 articles filed under this keyword.
The Importance of Olives and Their Oil in Ancient Egyptian and Greek Civilizations
Shanaz Ibrahim Mehmood
Olives have been of great importance in ancient civilizations, since the beginning of life, scientists have different opinions on the origin of this tree, some Palestine and Syria, some Greeks and some Cyprus and the Aegean Sea region In the sources and languages of the world, the name is mentioned in different ways, because Movi was not very experienced at that time, he initially regarded it as an ordinary tree and treated its branches and fruits In many religions and throughout different times, its oil has been the purest and best way to show their relationship with God, so in the time of kings and princes Prominent figures, aristocrats, heroes, athletes and clerics, East and West, used perfumed oil to show their holiness and high social status. It was one of the pillars of Egyptian and Greek civilization, especially in ancient Greece It was a food that they called liquid gold, but because of its effects on religious thought and thought after death, the title of the study (The importance of olives and their oil in ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations), which consists of three main topics. The first topic: The name of the olive, its history of development, its distribution areas and its causes and motives. The second topic : its religious position in both civilizations. The third topic: the importance of the use of olives and their oil in different fields of both civilizations
Volume 11 · Issue 1 · February 2024Managmet system of the Parthian State (250BC-224AD)
Hilmi Rasool Redha, Ibrahim Abdulla Ahmad
This research entitled (Managmet system of the Parthian State) (250BC-224AD) emphasizes on asoects of administration as well as various aspects of ruling the country. The current research consists of three main parts and a separate list of resources. The first part includes the system of governance and management and the military, which first examines the concept of management and the military, which first examines the concept of management and then explains the system of governance and how to manage the country, then examines the military structure of the Parthians. The second part explains the social and economic system, ehich means it tries to explain the social structure of that ear and then the economic management. Finally, the third part examines the judicial system and laws and how to issue judgments, and then the religious system and religions of the Parthians.
Volume 9 · Issue 1 · March 2022Iraq's Economic Situation Between 1988-1991 in Southern Kurdistan
Aras Abdulrahman Mstafa
The economic situation in Iraq between 1988 and 1991 affected the March 1991 uprising in southern Kurdistan، including research that included several important aspects، discussing the economic impact of both the First and Second Gulf Wars، which has caused a major disaster for Iraq's economic infrastructure and the disintegration of Iraq's financial، administrative، military and service institutions، Including the economic crisis، the spread of hunger، poverty، disease، corruption، bribery and many bad subjects that the Iraqi state has suffered from major disasters، all of which have led to the importance of the uprising، this study consists of three parts. In the first part، the impact of the Iraq-Iran war on Iraq's economy is discussed، and in the second part، the war on the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and its consequences is explained. The third part is the effect of decision 661 that the security council imposed on Iraq as an economic blockade that completely destroyed the economic and social life of The people of Iraq and Kurdistan.