Environment
4 articles filed under this keyword.
Bertrand Russell’s Philosophy of Education
Hawkar Hamad Khdir, Batool Ridha Abbas
Russell’s views on education are both interesting and controversial. Similar to Rousseau and Locke, he considered education to be a process of “self-habit.” Russell believed that children are like raw materials at birth, and it is our responsibility to shape them. In the beginning, it is very easy to influence a child, whether positively or negatively, because children are neither inherently good nor bad at birth. What influences them is, on one hand, an unknown nature, and on the other hand, education and various environmental factors that shape this raw material—the child. Habits and conditioning, whether for better or worse, ultimately lead to either happiness or misery. A child is born with certain instincts and develops habits under the influence of the environment, which may be good or bad. This is largely determined by the intelligence and wisdom of the parents and guardians, as the nature of the child from the beginning is so soft, compliant, and receptive that it is almost unbelievable. Most children are capable of becoming either good or bad individuals, as the instincts and reactions they possess become stable habits and characteristics due to environmental and educational influences—especially during childhood. For this reason, the foundation of a child’s behavior and personality is formed early in life. Russell believed that moral education—the education of a child’s soul and personality—should begin at an early age to help them become positive, brave, and intelligent members of society. According to him, this can be achieved with most children, often with very good results.
Volume 10 · Issue 4 · December 2023The Extent of Consideration to the Cultural and Environmental Principles by the Digital Televisions in the Kurdistan Region
Hawre Mahmood Rasool, Salam Nasreddi Sulaimani, n Muhammad
Digital media is significant in diverse fields of human life, cultural structure in general and environmental culture in particular. It has a special theme in society. This is related to the effects of digital media on the individuals and society in all different areas of human life either negatively or positively. Therefore, taking any field into consideration more than others, it would mean structuring and developing this field by the society. This paper focuses on the degree of concerning the cultural and environmental principles by the digital televisions in the Kurdistan Region. It aims to determine to what extent have the digital televisions concerned about the principles of cognitive, social and structural principles of environmental culture. For each of these principles, it determines the issues that are dependent on each of these principles and defines the extent of their coverage by the digital televisions of the Kurdistan Region. In order to explain how different environmental contents are in the media products and what environmental issues each of these contents concerned. The methodology of the current paper is the analytical method to the media products of four digital televisions during a season in three months. The environmental products of the targeted televisions were divided into three groups and several dependent units were analysed for each group. The research reached several results, the most important among them were the level of caring about the environmental importance was in a good level in terms of evaluating the quality and quantity of their media products during the targeted time of the research. And many environmental products were published within the time of researching. Although the broadcast of the aforementioned environmental products was not only for the purpose of environmental relevance and the channels broadcasted these environmental products for other purposes. However, these products became the recipient's influence on the environmental cultural structure, as well as the researcher's analysis tools.
Volume 10 · Issue 1 · March 2023Water problems in Dukan Dam
Saman Yasin Awrahman, Hallat Rasheed Abdullah
Dukan Dam is located in the northeastern Kurdistan Region, 65 km northwest of the Sulaimani province center. It is divided into districts (Dukan, Pishdar, Ranya). In terms of Astronomical site, it is located between the two circles of latitude (36° 14' 00'') and (35° 57' 00'') north and the two longitudes (44° 04' 00'') and (44° 45' 00'') in the east. To the east is Mount Sara in the Charmawan mountain range, in the north, the Assos Mountain Range, and Mount Kosrat is located in the south. Ranya city is located in the east. The towns of (Qaladze, Sangasar and Zharawa) are located in the eastern and northeastern parts of the lake. Its highest point is 516 meters above sea level. The area of the dam is (270km2). It is the largest dam in the Kurdistan Region in terms of area and volume. It has a capacity of 7 billion cubic meters of water, of which 0.7 billion cubic meters are dead. The average rainfall was 594.6 mm. The average annual temperature is 21°C, and the yearly range is 34.7°C. Environmental pollution caused by humans on Dukan Dam is high, due to the mixing of sewage water from cities and towns that fall into the watershed of Dukan Dam as well as natural factors such as the rock composition of the area and floods. In this research, we emphasize the environmental issues of Dukan Dam, which are related to the natural and human problems that have been created for the dam or the dam has created for the place where it is built, in terms of water, floods, evaporation and other types of climate components, such as water, organisms, floods, evaporation and other types of weather, in terms of quantity and quality, water pollution is obvious in the dam and has damaged water and fish resources.
Volume 9 · Issue 3 · June 2022A Geographical Analysis for the Environmental Consequences of the Tourism Activities in Dukan District
Shkur Selam Saleem, Luqman Usw Omer
The aim behind writing this research is to point out the environmental issues of the area which has resulted from the tourism activities, that is to say, it is to indicate the type and size of the environmental damage. In this respect, suitable solutions for environmental issues resulted from the tourism activities in the district have been suggested. In the research, it has been found that tourism activities are one of the forms of environmental issues and pollution in the area. This is due to the burden of the tourism activities in some particular areas of the district, sometimes it has become a threat to the environment of the destruct, the pollution of the tourism sites by solid, liquid and food waste and littering of visitors which caused land, and visual pollution by leaving various waste types in the streets and view of the tourism sites in the district. In addition to that, the issue of noise pollution by the deficiency of traffic system, congestion and overcrowding, the narrowness of the streets in the season of tourism caused noise pollution. Above all, some other environmental issues which resulted in tourism projects ,such as agricultural land losses which is only during(10 ) years approximately(6253) dunams converted for tourism purposes.