Foreign Policy
2 articles filed under this keyword.
Political Changes External to The Median State (700-550 BC)
Hemin Rashid Darwesh, Hilmi Rasool Raza
The rule of the Median country is considered as one of the periods in the history of ancient east, because in many ways which had a great influence on the civilization and countries after it. The Median nation by came to heights of Iran and after settling on this land, the water and air of the region were suitable for settlement. They developed their own external political system, which was expansionism and liberation from Assyrian dominion. Diako founded this political system and it reached its peak of development under Kiaksar. Eventually, it was the Medes who, in agreement with the ability of their neighbors such as Babylon, removed of the Assyrians from the political field. A number of Median commanders at the beginning of the govern of Cyrus II and Astyages the last Median kings advantaged from the help of Cyrus the Persian and In this regard, they played a major role in the devastation of the Median nation and the rise of the Achaemenid nation. Despite all that has been done, the Political history external the media is one of the most complicated topics in the political history of the Old East and still remains very unclear. Although, it has not been completely studied, this paper discusses the most significant political changes external of the Median nation, with nation such as Assyria, Orthodoxy, Scythians, Babylon, etc., which is more objectively based on the method (description-analysis) and comparative interpretation of changes and events.
Volume 8 · Issue 3 · September 2021The Pragmatism of US Foreign Policy in the Obama and Trump Administrations.
Hema Niazi Hamad
This researched has tried to analyze the philosophy of pragmatics and its development as well as applying it on the level of America’s foreign policy in the cabinet of both American Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump in a comparative way to analyze and investigate it. The philosophy of Pragmatics in the center of American policy had an important position in the formulation of foreign policies and decisions and its application between Barack Obama and Donald Trump’s administration, was embodied in different forms and mechanisms which understanding this political perspective and direction is helpful to increase an understanding about formulation and application of American foreign policy. It has been tried to answer the main question of the research within the context of this research, which is how did the main and clear difference of getting benefit from pragmatism between both Obama and Trump’s administration has reflected in the American foreign policy? In the research, it was hypothesized that pragmatism was generally used in American foreign policy to protect America’s living interests and applying pragmatism between each Obama and Trump’s administration and how it is reflected in American foreign policy. This research has reached the conclusion that pragmatism in the era of Barak Obama’s administration has embodied itself in the form of a clever and hidden soft Power that has not ignored actors and other parties in the international arena despite the desire to protect American interests. But in Donald Trump’s era, pragmatism has applied itself in the form of hard, obvious pragmatism, economic, and political interests of America, which was the main desire to protect America’s interests.