Freedom
5 articles filed under this keyword.
Democracy from Citizens’ Perspective
Jalal Ahmed Abdullah
The main aim of the study was to accomplish an exploratory execution of the citizens’ conceptualization of democracy. To achieve this goal, the researchers relied on qualitative design to conduct in-depth semi-open interviews with 24 citizens from the IKR, residing in the governorates of Erbil, Duhok, Sulaymaniyah, Halabja, and several autonomous administrations. Then, the results were summarized within several themes, such as: democracy as rights, freedom, equality and social justice; Democracy is the best political system and form of governance; Democracy is not just a Western way of life; democracy is a utopia; Democracy and religion will not be an alternative to each other. At the same time, the results of the study showed that those who have a positive view toward democracy, often stem from exigencies and expectations placed on democracy, particularly in its political dimension, especially in terms of providing the right to participate, freedom of expression, social justice in terms of distribution of wealth, roles and positions, equality before the law and providing opportunities. However, in its social and cultural facets, and as a result of comments about some of the outcomes and consequences of democracy in western countries in particular, the desire for democracy among Kurdistan citizens is lower.
Volume 12 · Issue 5 · October 2025The Relationship Between Freedom and Law in Kant's View
Omar Mohammed Ali, Hassan Hussein Siddiq
This paper which is entitled ‘the relationship between freedom and law from Kant’s perspective’ is an attempt to discuss Kant’s concern with respect to the significance and the role of rule in the society. He claims that the priority is for the behavioral rules in that the derivative rules should be harmonic with the behavioral ones. The behavioral rules are logical as humans themselves naturally carry these values. On this basis, these rules play a fundamental role to have a philosophical understanding of Kant. Kant tries to arrange humans’ freedom in the framework of laws in a way that laws do not be barriers in front of humans’ freedom, that is why law by Kant is regarded as the copy of these criteria that the talent of each one is surrendered to in order for them to be suitable with others. In this regard, Kant thinks that laws are not against humans’ freedom, rather they arrange their daily affairs on a condition that they are applicable for all. Henceforth, Kant claims that laws do not restrict the freedom, instead they are means to express freedom because they cause their reaching to coexistence in the society. The method used in the paper is a descriptive analytic one which is theoretically comment on the aforementioned philosopher’s perspective to law and freedom.
Volume 11 · Issue 5 · October 2024Democracy and freedom from the point of view of karls poper
Omar Khdir Rasull
This study deals with the philosophy of freedom and democracy by Karl Popper. Popper discusses the causes of the emergence of establishing a government from the perspective of democracy and freedom of elections. The main issue of the study is whether the emergence of government depends of man’s ability, and freedom and security of society. Popper believes that all the individuals are equal in front of the law because the legal states do not differentiate among the individuals who are equal in origin, language, culture, and gender. The state should also defend the land and control the military and economic sources. The democracy which is a political system depending on using rationality in politics or any other field needs an open society as political parties are tools for establishing governments. Popper believes that the wider the freedom is, it will be better for the government. Popper talks about democracy that no government is established without freedom and democracy. A dictator is a person who can be a president and calls for democracy and freedom of expression, but he rejects the other types of democracy because democracy has been known for rejecting dictatorship. In noocracy system, authority is given to a person, not for all, thus a president isn’t selected. To achieve secure and stable society, the government uses two types of elections, they are in the society and in the parliament. However, parliamentary elections are the most important ones topple the dictatorship without blood shedding.
Volume 9 · Issue 1 · March 2022Reflection of 1991 Uprising in Kurdish
Abdulwahid Idrees Shareef
PoetryThe 1991 Uprising in Iraqi Kurdistan is substantially reflected in all aspects of life: social, political, economical and literature. In this study, we discuss the reflection of that uprising in Kurdish poetry. This study is comprised of three chapters. First, in Chapter I, we discuss the concept and definition of uprising in general where we gave examples of uprisings worldwide. In Chapter II, which is further divided into two parts, we discuss two great uprisings took place in Southern Kurdistan. In the first, we discuss the uprising took place in front of Sulaimaniya Serail on September 6th, 1930. In the second, we discuss the 1982 uprising in Qaladze town. Chapter III is divided into three parts. The first part discusses Kurdish poetry before the uprising giving a number of poems as a sample. The second part discusses the history and background of the 1991 uprising. In the third part, we show the reflection of the Uprising in Kurdish poetry supported by several poetic samples. Finally, I mentioned the study conclusions and references.
Volume 8 · Issue 2 · June 2021The Concept of Freedom in liberalism’s Thought, for Instance: Friedrich .A. Von Hayek's Vision
Jabar Ismael Ahmed
Liberalism thus views the concept of freedom as a fundamental element of its intellectual foundation and without access to and defense of freedom, there is no meaning for the existence and survival of liberals. Due to the wide range of views of liberalism and the differences of opinion of liberal thinkers and different trends, attitudes and views on different freedoms, for example some of the thinkers believe in the interference of the state power in personal freedoms with the goal of creating social justice and economic justice and so on..., such as the thinkers of the Social liberal trend in the thought of liberalism, But some other thinkers believe in the protection of individual freedoms from interfering of the power of the state, and reject any form of interference in freedom, such as thinkers of the Libertarians trend in the thought of liberalism, including (Friedrich A. von Hayek). These two views of liberalism are expressed in terms of freedom, as: positive freedom (when the state intervenes in freedoms), and negative freedom (that freedom is protected from the interference of state power). (Hayek) rejects positive freedom and believes that any interference in the freedom, economy, and property of individuals, commodities, and markets, leads to the deterioration of the security and stability of individuals on one hand, and the creation of an oppressive, tyrannical and dictatorial power or regime on the other hand. This condition becomes the cause and means of the departure of individuals and the coexistence of the living system to slavery.