Grammar
5 articles filed under this keyword.
The Impact of Using the Strategies of the Listening Triangle and Carousel on the Achievement of Eighth Grade Male Students in Kurdish Grammar
Ageed Ramadhan Tukil, Ayad Fayzallah Othman
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of using Listening Triangle and Carousel strategies on the academic achievement of eighth-grade male students in the subject of Kurdish grammar.The researchers used a quasi-experimental design with equivalent groups. The sample included eighth-grade male students from public boys’ schools in the Directorate of Eastern Education in the city centre of Duhok during totaling (2056) students in (16) schools for the academic year 2024–2025. The researchers intentionally selected Bzav School, and then randomly divided the students into two groups:Experimental group (D): 31 students Control group (A): 32 students.The experimental group was taught using the Listening Triangle and Carousel strategies, while the control group was taught the same subject using the traditional method.The researchers designed two types of lesson plans for each grammar topic: One using the Listening Triangle and Carousel strategies for the experimental group Another using the traditional approach for the control groupTo measure achievement, a test consisting of 35 items was developed, with psychometric properties considered for accuracy and reliability. After a season of teaching and the end of a semester, the researchers administered the test, collected data, and performed statistical analysis using the T-test.The results showed that the Listening Triangle and Carousel strategies had a positive and significant effect on the academic achievement of students in the experimental group.
Volume 13 · Issue 1 · March 2026The Meanings of Single-Letter Particles in the Book Ṣarf al-ʿInāyah fī Kashf al-Kifāyah by al-Baytūshī (d. 1221 AH).
Mohsin Hassan Awla, Amir Rafiq Awla
This study inspects the syntactic and semantic orientation of the Quranic quotation in monogram, in the book "Sarf al-Inayah fi Kashf al-Kifayah" by the Kurdish scholar Abdullah al-Baytushi (d. 1221 AH). This is the second explanation on his poem "Kifayat al-Ma'ani fi Huruf al-Ma'ani". It addresses to focus on and explain the letters of meaning in grammar. In his clarification of the letters of meaning , he compromised poetic verses he composed himself, evidence of several grammatical matters related to the meanings of the letters. Al-Baytoushi’s technique in explanation is distinguished by analytical precision and dependence on the speech of grammarians who came before him. Al-Baytoushi relied in his book on authentic, reliable sources, from the Qur’an, Hadeeth, and poetry. He mentions his unique opinion , the opinions he preferred, the raised objections , and the corrections . He adopted the method of selection and preference without bias toward among the schools concerning explaining the meanings of the connotations of letters according to the alphabetical sequence, and adherence to monogram, double, triple, quadruple, and quintuple letters with guidance in syntactic analysis. His book shows his efforts to simplify complex syntactic issues for students, via methodological explanations, illustrative examples, and subjection to the scholars’ opinion and discussing objectively. The research focused on the Qur’anic evidence cited by Al-Baytoushi in his book for the meanings of monograms and explaining the letters, cited by many of Qur’anic verses , we’ll devote to the grammatical and semantic explanation. We’ll discuss the monograms, that their structure consists of one letter, depending on the descriptive analytical method, for reaching the result of this analysis.
Volume 12 · Issue 4 · August 2025The Effect of the Raft Strategy in Obtaining the Kurdish Language Grammar for the Students of the Fifth Basic Grade
Shaban Ramadan Hassan, Ayad Faiz Allah Othman
The study investigated the efficacy of Rafat strategy on Kurdish grammar acquisition among fifth-grade primary students. The research population encompassed schools within the Amedi District Education Directorate's jurisdiction. Through purposive sampling, researchers selected Isifka and Rozh mixed primary schools, randomly assigning subjects to experimental group in Isifka School (30) students and the control group in Rozh School (29) students. The researcher also controlled a number of non-experimental variables. A 25-item achievement test was constructed to measure learning outcomes. Following experimental implementation, data collection, and statistical analysis, results indicated statistically significant differences between the experimental group taught via Rafat strategy and the control group instructed through conventional methodologies. Mean score comparisons revealed superior performance among students exposed to the Rafat strategy. Statistical significance of these differences confirmed the hypothesis that Rafat strategy positively impacts Kurdish grammar acquisition. The findings demonstrate that strategic instructional interventions can enhance grammatical competence among primary school learners. This research contributes to the pedagogical literature on effective grammar instruction methodologies in the context of Kurdish language education, suggesting that innovative approaches like Rafat strategy warrant further implementation and investigation in primary educational settings. The researchers concluded that the experimental intervention produced measurable improvements in student achievement compared to traditional instructional approaches.RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.
Volume 11 · Issue 6 · December 2024Linguistic Deviation According to Leech and Short ’Checklist in Anwar Qader’ Poem ‘’The Season of Farhad’ Survival’’
khasro Ahmed Rasul
The research study entitled (Linguistic Deviation in the Season of Farhad’s Rise by Anwar Qadir Mohammed According to Leach and Short Checklist). The field of the research is applied linguistics because linguistic deviation in stylistics is a field of applied linguistics. The data of the study is Anwar Qadir Mohammed's poem (The Season of Farhad’s Rise). The research approach is analytic and practical which for linguistic deviation relies on the perspectives of Leech and Short’s checklist and for the quantities relies on the statistics. The study is important in the sense that it shows the style of the poetic language. The study consists of two sections, in addition to the introduction, conclusions and list of references. In the first section, entitled (Language of Poetry and Deviations), phonological, lexical, grammatical, dialectal, and linguistic, semantic, historical, register and graphological deviations are discussed. The second section entitled (The Relationship between semantic oddities, and deviant collocation and their Role in Poetry Interpretation) is discussed. In each poem, unusual, meaning, and collocational deviations are identified.
Volume 8 · Issue 2 · June 2021The Art of Paradox in Wafai’s Poems
Payan Kaka Salih Al Askary
The paradox is an artistic expression used for beautifying the poetic language, the poems of Kurdish poets like Arabic, Persian, and Western nations include these arts and the plays of the poetic language. This type of poetic art can be seen noticeably in every era of the Kurdish classic poems which is a reason for enriching and empowering the poetic language. It will also, produce modern imagination and expressions which will be thoughtful and speculative and it will attract readers’ attention due to its’ closeness to the contradictory art which is again a type of beautifying the semantic art. According to the earlier researches in this field, paradoxical art is a type of contradictory art but it has specific liberty by itself. The appearance of paradoxical expressions will be in the shape of semantical, lexical, and in one or two sentences. The Diwan of Wafay was focused on for this research amongst the diwans of classical Kurdish poets. Wafay (1844-1904) was a poet in the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. He had a warm poetic language and meaningful and vivid sentences. His poems are full of semantics and lexical artistic beautifications. For this purpose, the researcher will investigate the placement shapes of the generic paradoxical composition and analyzing them according to grammar and rhetorical in Wafay’s poems.