Health
2 articles filed under this keyword.
The Social Services of the Kurdish Emirates
Harun Mahmoud Karim, Hussein Mohammed Saleh
This historical study analyzes the role of Kurdish emirs, notably the Hasanwayhids and Marwanids, in developing their emirates' infrastructure. The research reveals their governance stemmed from a strategic vision that integrated security, economic growth, scientific advancement, and social welfare. Key infrastructural projects, including the construction of fortifications and bridges, were vital for protecting borders and facilitating trade. These developments, alongside major urban projects, demonstrate a conscious policy to build a strong, stable state. In the scientific and cultural spheres, the emirs actively supported scholars by establishing mosques as learning centers, funding academics, and creating public libraries, such as during the era of Marwanid Emir Nasr al-Dawla. This fostered a vibrant intellectual environment. The study also highlights an advanced system of social and health services, evidenced by the establishment of sophisticated hospitals, the recruitment of renowned physicians, and a focus on public hygiene. This commitment reflects a high degree of civic planning and concern for public well-being. The research concludes by emphasizing the importance of charitable works and the waqf (endowment) system as a core part of the emirs' social policy. By aiding the poor and securing pilgrimage routes, these philanthropic efforts served a humanitarian purpose while strengthening the relationship between the government and its people, which in turn reinforced social stability.
Volume 9 · Issue 2 · March 2022Education System Health Condition in the Time of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar(1848-1896)
Shwana Rasul Abdullah, Qadir Mohammed Mohammed
This research paper is to portray education system and health condition during Qajar dynasty specifically in the time of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar who ruled from 1848-1896. Regarding to health condition the situation was bad; shortage of medical services, disobeying health instructions, and spread of plague and cholera caused a large number of people to catch serious diseases who eventually died. It is worth to say that if there hadn’t been Western health staff and foreign medical aids, the public health of Qajar society would have been even worse. Referring to education and teaching field during the era of Qajar dynasty was that Iranian society depended on family disciplines to raise and educate their children. Having strong religious beliefs among people was the reason to force their children to enroll at schools of the mosques so that they could receive religious education. It can be said that with the help of some foreign agents and sincere local educators the condition of education system improved after they had introduced Western education methods and provided learning means.