Iraq
11 articles filed under this keyword.
Artificial Intelligence in HRM
Bestoon Othman, Jing Xi, Peshraw Mahmood Salman, Shwana Akoi, Aras Nasr Yousif
The case study examines the degree to which Artificial Intelligence (AI) can advance human resource management (HRM) functions of personnel marketing and recruitment in Kurdistan/Iraq, which is an example of a country that is undergoing a drastic shift when it comes to digitalization. The quantitative research method was adopted, and a survey research was carried out through designed questionnaires to obtain the opinion of hiring managers and recruiters and personnel specialists in the plethora of business organizations Kurdistan offers. The response rate was discovered to be 90 percent in which 180 valid responses were received. The stratified random sample method was used in the provision of the inclusion of other industrial sectors such as the technology, health care, education, manufacturing and services. The work on statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software that guaranteed good and reliable results. Data interpretation was done through regression analysis, chi-square tests and descriptions to obtain the measure of AI implementation, its impact on recruiting efficiency and contribution to more efficient staff marketing solutions. The application of AI-based applications, such as chatbots, predictive analytics and automated resume screening was found to be increasing in popularity. What these tools imply is colossal in the context of enhancing the aspect of recruitment and reaching out to the applicants. Nonetheless, it was also discovered that the survey also displayed the image that there are some crucial challenges, including the inaccessibility of IT tools, reluctance of HR practitioners to develop, fear of information security and influence by algorithms. The findings suggest that AI is able to completely reshape HRM in Kurdistan and Iraq, but one can also get to know that in the long-term view, the AI implementation process cannot be facilitated without the investments in digital infrastructure, education, and ethically oriented systems of values. The current paper offers useful information related to the implementation and the implication of the AI on the HRM within the evolving regional state in addition to useful recommendations to firms that may consider adopting AI in order to attain competitive advantage in the process of recruiting and promoting human resource.
Volume 13 · Issue 1 · March 2026The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Agility in the Relationship Between Strategic physiognomy and Strategic Excellence
Wrya Najm Rashid, Othman Kareem Mahmood, Lask Arsalan Bayiz
This research aims to study the mediating role of entrepreneurial agility in the relationship between strategic physiognomy and strategic excellence, in light of the organizations’ efforts to achieve excellence in their strategies in the current competitive environment to ensure their distinction from competitors, and due to the scarcity of studies that addressed these variables in private universities, therefore, to achieve the research objectives and test its hypotheses, the descriptive analytical approach was used by designing a questionnaire form that was developed by the researchers based on previous literature and after conducting a set of validity and reliability tests in line with the objectives of the current study, and data were collected from (98) leaders in (5) private universities in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, represented by the universities of (Komar, Cihan, Human Development, Tishk, and Goizha). A set of statistical methods, such as dispersion coefficients and structural equation modeling, were used to analyze the data using statistical software (Amos v. 26, SPSS v. 26). The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a positive correlation between the study variables (strategic physiognomy, entrepreneurial agility, and strategic excellence), as well as the existence of a significant impact of strategic physiognomy and its dimensions on strategic excellence. In addition, the impact of strategic physiognomy on strategic excellence increases when entrepreneurial agility is present as a mediating variable. Hence, a set of conclusions were indicated that would help in proposing a number of recommendation, the most important of which is the need for private universities to focus on achieving strategic excellence through practicing the dimensions of strategic physiognomy by their leaders, as well as ensuring entrepreneurial agility within them.
Volume 12 · Issue 6 · December 2025The Initial of Mononotheism in Ancient Egypt and Iraq
Rebwar Hussein Rasul, Emad Abdulqadir Mohammad Saeed
Religion has always been an important part of human life. In other words, ever since humans first appeared on Earth and began living in organized ways, they have felt a need for religion. By religion, we mean how people understand the world and themselves, and how they interact with the things around them. In ancient times, people in Egypt and Iraq, like people in other civilizations, created religious beliefs to protect themselves from natural events they didn’t understand but believed had power over their lives. Because of this, they started to treat these natural forces as holy, and over time, this led to the belief in gods. At first, there were many gods. But over time, due to religious changes, political developments, and growing awareness in society, the number of gods decreased. Eventually, in both ancient Egypt and Iraq, the idea of believing in one god (monotheism) began to appear. Political and religious unity also played a role in bringing the idea of one god to the front. Still, there are many interesting and important points to explore about this topic. It would take several studies to fully understand why people moved from believing in many gods to believing in just one, and how this change happened. Therefore, this study with the title "The Beginnings of Monotheism in Ancient Egypt and Iraq: A Historical Study" aims to explore the monotheism in ancient history. This subject is discussed through several different topics
Volume 12 · Issue 1 · February 2025The Effect of Climate Elements On Military Operations in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Rebeen Rostam Rasull, Safin Jalal Fathullah
The history of war and military operations has proved that Weather and climate come after topography among the environmental factors, and they are affecting war and military operations directly and indirectly such as weapons, military equipment and supplies. In this study, the climate condition in the Kurdistan Region is presented through a comprehensive data, charts and maps, according to different seasons and the annual averages. The role of these climatic elements in military processes is also emphasized and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the influence of climate elements on military in the study area. This study includes an introduction and three main topics. In the conclusion, the consequences of the climatic impacts on military processes are presented, and based on those two brief recommendations have drafted.
Volume 11 · Issue 5 · October 2024The 1991 Gulf War and the role of the Allied Air Force in destroying Iraq
Karwan Sharef Qadir
When the Iraqi army invaded Kuwait, it quickly followed by a strong international reaction, each one of the United States and its allies in the West and the Gulf countries expressed their opposition and disapproval to this act of Iraq. Not only the aforementioned countries but also some of those countries that considered themselves friends of Iraq like the former Soviet Union condemned this aggressive act of Iraq. Hence, to prevent Iraq from taking further actions to attack some other Gulf countries, the United States began to send troops to Saudi Arabia. Along with the military preparations, Iraq was repeatedly warned to withdraw its forces from Kuwait, but it ignored these demands and did not withdraw from it. Consequently, an international military operation involving 34 countries could expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait from December 17 th to February 24 th 1991. Again, the Kuwaiti ruling family could return to power. In this study, we want to elucidate that although the air force strikes played a role in defeating the Iraqi army, but it was not the main factor in defeating it. In addition, it is true that during the six weeks of the International Allies’ air strikes, they dropped dozens of tons of bombs and missiles on the Iraqi army, and the Iraqi army was not capable of fighting the Allies ground forces. We have also briefly discussed the Gulf War and the reasons that led the Iraqi army to invade Kuwait, then we have discussed the role of the Allied countries’ air forces in this war, whether the air force played a major role in the Gulf War or not. Finally, the effects of the Gulf War on the Iraqi government have been explicated.
Volume 11 · Issue 1 · February 2024Measuring the impact of specific factors in improving the level of human development in Iraq during the period (1990-2020)
Sazan Amir Rouf
The subject of human development is one of the most important topics that occupies an important place in the economies of the countries of the world, which prompts the adoption of a correct and rational methodology to draw scientific conclusions and recommendations aimed at promoting and developing human development. and livelihood), and attention to these aspects constitutes an important part in the development plans of any country in order to create a strong base and a people with skilled labor, and investing in human capital has long-term positive benefits that are reflected on the individual in particular and on society in general, which shows that it is an important investment and the value of human investment. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which were: that health, educational and living human development indicators suffer from further deterioration, neglect and deterioration of their actual reality during the study period, and despite the presence of an improvement in the value of the human development index for Iraq, it is not in line with the reality of human development indicators In the country, the research ends with a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which are: the need to increase financial allocations in human capital investment, improve the health of individuals and improve their standard of living.
Volume 9 · Issue 5 · December 2022Kurdish EFL Students’ Perceptions about the use of E-learning During the Covid-19 Lockdown
Hadi Hussein Haji, Hawraz Qader Hama
The outbreak of the coronavirus (Covid-19) in December 2019 caused the total closure of educational institutions and led to stop of the face-to-face teaching for a long time. Therefore, e-learning was applied as an alternative teaching method to continue education. However, little is known about students’ perceptions on the use and acceptance of e-learning implemented during the Covid-19 lockdown, especially in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Hence, this study aims to explore the university students’ perceptions about the use of e-learning during the lockdown in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. In so doing, a mixed-method approach is utilised to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 50 Kurdish EFL students. The results of data analysis revealed that more students show positive perceptions than those who hold neutral and negative perceptions about the use of e-learning during the lockdown.
Volume 9 · Issue 3 · June 2022A New Reading for Bound Morphemes and Their Roles in Building the Relationships Between the Components of Noun Phrases.
Salih Abdalla Babakr
The inflectional morphemes play a significant role in Kurdish language in a way that they tie the modifier and modified together which leads to expansion of noun phrases. In these types of phrases، the modifier does not only provide one type of sense and meaning to the modified، but it supplies it with senses such as possession، distinctiveness، from general to specific، from part to whole، etc. This study attempts to identify the relations between the components of the expanded phrases، and it compares them with other languages occasionally based on the needs of the expanded phrases. The study is divided into two sections. In the first section a general explanation about Bound Morpheme، its types and characteristics in Kurdish language will be provided. In the second section the roles of this type of morpheme play in expanding and supplementing further meaning to the noun phrases will be identified. In the end of the study، an outline of the obtained results and reference list are presented.
Volume 9 · Issue 1 · March 2022Iraq's Economic Situation Between 1988-1991 in Southern Kurdistan
Aras Abdulrahman Mstafa
The economic situation in Iraq between 1988 and 1991 affected the March 1991 uprising in southern Kurdistan، including research that included several important aspects، discussing the economic impact of both the First and Second Gulf Wars، which has caused a major disaster for Iraq's economic infrastructure and the disintegration of Iraq's financial، administrative، military and service institutions، Including the economic crisis، the spread of hunger، poverty، disease، corruption، bribery and many bad subjects that the Iraqi state has suffered from major disasters، all of which have led to the importance of the uprising، this study consists of three parts. In the first part، the impact of the Iraq-Iran war on Iraq's economy is discussed، and in the second part، the war on the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and its consequences is explained. The third part is the effect of decision 661 that the security council imposed on Iraq as an economic blockade that completely destroyed the economic and social life of The people of Iraq and Kurdistan.
Volume 8 · Issue 2 · June 2021The Use of Social Media and its Effect on University Students' Academic Skills in Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Hakim Othman Hameed
In recent decades, the use of social media has encountered a rapid growth. This progress made social media a very popular medium of communication among college students. In fact, these online mediums can be a good method to share the knowledge among students and with their lectures. However, extreme use of social media can affect student’s academic performance and skills. Social media platforms have developed significantly in the variety and type of its platforms and the variety of services they have provided to the users. This social media development has had a great impact on human life around the world, particularly the learning process among the students. The present study examines the effects of social networks on university students' academic skills in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The sample involved 653 responses from the universities of Raparin and Sulaimani Polytechnic in Kurdistan Region - Iraq. The data of the study has been analyzed using content analysis methods. According to the study’s results there is a statistically significant correlation between Use of social media and academic skills and there is a strong positive correlation between Use of social media and academic skills which is (0.809) and that the significance value is (0.000).Then, the value of R Square for this analysis, is (0.655), this means that 65.5% of the variance of academic skills must be explored in Use of social media, and the other variables (34.5%) are due to random error.