modernization
2 articles filed under this keyword.
The Role of Urbanization in the Modernization of Social Values with in the Kurdish Family
Akar Salam Bakr, Shvan Esmael Hamad
Urbanization is one of the most crucial worldwide phenomena which functions as a major operator of social and cultural changes. In Kurdish society, especially in Erbil city, there has been rapid urban developments in the last few decades, which has been the reason for the creation of a dynamic interplay between traditional values and modern lifestyles. The main objective of this research is to explore the role of urbanization in the transformation of social values within Kurdish families. The study aims to examine the extent to which modern values are adopted, the impact of the urban environment on family structure and behavior. To achieve these objectives, a quantitative research method was followed, and a questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The research population consisted of families in the city of Erbil, and a purposive sample of 390 families was selected from 13 different neighborhoods of the city, representing various levels of social and economic status. The reliability of the research scale was 86.22%, and the placement (Cronbach's Alpha) was 0.771, which indicates a high level of reliability. The main findings of the research reveal that the process of modernization within Kurdish families is complex. On one hand, there is a noticeable acceptance of certain modern values, such as mixed-gender education. The research also discovered a strong relationship between new media and consumer culture. Moreover, differences in lifestyles between the various neighborhoods of the city were identified, which reflects the diversity of urban culture.
Volume 12 · Issue 2 · April 2025The influence of Turkish literary schools on Piramerd
vian abbas esmail, Hemdad Hussein Bakir
Piramerd is considered one of the prominent and distinguished figures of the first half of Kurdish literature, journalism, and as a social reformer and nationalist intellectual in Southern Kurdistan. He was a multi-talented and prolific personality. Therefore, studying Piramerd's world cannot be completed in just a few books. Perhaps in literary and journalistic studies, more attention has been paid to his role and influence in journalism and the renewal of Kurdish literature, but in this research, we have focused on the Turkish literary trends of Piramerd's time when he lived in Turkey, his relationships with Turkish writers, and the influence of their works in enriching his literary experience, as well as the importance of benefiting from new Western literary genres and the significance of translation in enriching national literature, text language, and new perspectives on world literature. These literary trends helped him take steps toward modernization after his return, both in form and appearance, and in terms of content, to think about changes in the structure of Kurdish poetry. Therefore, when discussing modernization, Piramerd is directly considered one of the pioneers of the renewal of Kurdish poetry and literature. During Piramerd's time in Turkey, there were three prevalent literary trends: the Islamic-nationalist trend, the national culture and language trend, and finally the modernist trend and turn toward Western literature and European modernist movements, which largely renewed Turkish national literature under the light of Romanticism.