Mongol
2 articles filed under this keyword.
The Dimensions of the Mongol Invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire
Hussein Abdullah Khudhur, Hussein Abdulrahman Hussein
This research discusses the dimensions and motivations behind the Mongol invasion and attack on the Khwarazmian Empire. It highlights the most important aspects of this campaign, categorized by their sequential closeness. The interaction and intermingling of the peoples of these two nations are examined, along with an attempt to consider the most impactful dimension. The geographical factor, which eventually led to the proximity of the distant borders between the two sides and increased familiarity and interaction, played a significant role. The political and expansionist factor further encouraged the Mongols to move westward. This was also fueled by their elimination of opposing and enemy forces in the west, which drew their attention towards that direction. The presence of a single strong political force in the region, which considered itself an equal to their power, fostered a sense of rivalry within them. They aimed to impose their unipolar political and military dominance over the region, thus the existence of any other power in the area besides themselves was unacceptable to them. Furthermore, the main cause of this campaign lies in economic factors, especially in the trade relations between these two neighboring states. The killing of the Mongol trade caravan by the governor of Otrar, Inal Khan, in 616 AH / 1219 CE, provided a pretext for the Mongol Khan to invade the Islamic world and the Khwarazmian Empire. In addition, external motivations and incitement played a crucial role, stemming from the conflict between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Khwarazmian Empire. The Abbasid Caliph Al-Nasir li-Din Allah (575-622 AH / 1179-1225 CE) sought assistance from Genghis Khan of the Mongols to curb the excesses of the Khwarazmian Sultan Ala ad-Din Muhammad II (596-617 AH).
Volume 11 · Issue 4 · August 2024The Role of Persian Ilkhani Khan in spreading Shia Idealism during the Mongolian time
Goran Abdulla Dasani, NERGS BAEZ HAMAD
The role of the Ilkhan kings in spreading altashyie. Although the Mongolians weren’t abide by the rules of religion therefore they didn’t have any sort of conflict over it but as they mixed with the world of Islam and converting to Islam they become part of the conflicts between sunnis and shias.The leaders become a sort of strength for either side that were accepted or refused by the Ilkhan kings.Thus in several phases altashyie grew and become the formal religion of the kingdom.They had dispute and and conflict with the sunnies.this is at a stage the Ilkhans did not understand and have not had the proper information about the Islam religion.Therefore,sometimes they completely regreted which of the two sides of the religion to choose and support.