Mosque

The Social Services of the Kurdish Emirates

Harun Mahmoud Karim, Hussein Mohammed Saleh

This historical study analyzes the role of Kurdish emirs, notably the Hasanwayhids and Marwanids, in developing their emirates' infrastructure. The research reveals their governance stemmed from a strategic vision that integrated security, economic growth, scientific advancement, and social welfare. Key infrastructural projects, including the construction of fortifications and bridges, were vital for protecting borders and facilitating trade. These developments, alongside major urban projects, demonstrate a conscious policy to build a strong, stable state. In the scientific and cultural spheres, the emirs actively supported scholars by establishing mosques as learning centers, funding academics, and creating public libraries, such as during the era of Marwanid Emir Nasr al-Dawla. This fostered a vibrant intellectual environment. The study also highlights an advanced system of social and health services, evidenced by the establishment of sophisticated hospitals, the recruitment of renowned physicians, and a focus on public hygiene. This commitment reflects a high degree of civic planning and concern for public well-being. The research concludes by emphasizing the importance of charitable works and the waqf (endowment) system as a core part of the emirs' social policy. By aiding the poor and securing pilgrimage routes, these philanthropic efforts served a humanitarian purpose while strengthening the relationship between the government and its people, which in turn reinforced social stability.