optimality theory
2 articles filed under this keyword.
Phoneme Change in Pishdar Accent with Respect to Optimality Theory
Hamza Hussein Hama
It is obvious that change is widespread in all aspects of language; therefore, it is essential to take this fact into account when dealing with all levels of language. Phoneme change refers to those that happen according to the phonotactic rules of a particular language. In such changes, the occurrence of consonants and vowels play a great role in constructing the syllables. In fact, language is made up of a sound system, the larger units such as morphemes and words are the result of the systematic combination of the phonemes. As compared to the other levels of language, the sound level is more liable to change in a way some think that when a change happens in a particular position in a word it also Happen in all other similar positions in other words. The purpose of doing this paper is to deal with phonemes in the framework of optimality theory in Pishdar accent. The data of the paper consist of the samples taken from the accent, collected, and then analyzed. For this purpose, more than 60 speakers over 16 years of age in Pishdar district have been interviewed. The samples have been gathered and arranged according to IPA symbols and they have been analyzed finally. The method used in doing the research is descriptive-analytic focusing on the change that phonemes undergo, especially the consonants. One of the concluding remarks is that phoneme change is considered to a great extent in Pishdar accent.
Volume 12 · Issue 4 · August 2025The internal structure of open syllables according to the theory of optimality in Kurdish language
Soran Abdulrahman Hamad, Sherzad Saheed Sedeeq
This research is to deal with the inner structure of a syllable in Kurdish language and the degree of correspondence of phonemes in the context of quality optimality theory. Many sorts of syllable division is done with it. That shows the similarities and differences of the types of syllable. It provides an insight into the various structures and patterns of the sounds of a language shedding light on rules and constraints with explaining the framework of making syllable. As a whole, syllables in terms of inner and outer structures are different in dealing with different aspects of the syllable and together they accomplish a syllable. Concerning the state of opening and closing the organs of speech of humans, it is divided into two types (opened syllable and closed syllable) In this study the opened syllable is dealt with. It means the state of opening the organs of speech during speaking. Thus, the syllable is ended with a vowel sound. Central Kurdish dialect is used fot the data in this study. the data are taken in the dictionary of (Hambana Borina) and is the main source with the library style of the other conducted studies in this field. Examples of (106) a single-syllable words are taken. Syllable has its own characteristics in the framework of optimality theory. Due to the constraints that affect the structure of the syllables. In the deep structure while forming any syllable some candidates will be prepared that go through a phonological process to have the best candidate. This has a direct affect on opening, closing and blocking the airways (trachea). All these process hapen in the deep structure then they will be uttered through the surface structure by choosing the best opened syllable.