Poetry
14 articles filed under this keyword.
Indirect Speech Acts in Kurdish Poetry: The Case of Jegerkhin’s Poems
Sagvan Abdullrahman Taha, Sulaiman Hishyar Mohammed
This study delves into the phenomenon of indirect speech acts and their role in crafting literary language in poetic texts, where the poet employs them as tools to convey thoughts and intentions. The research aims to explore how poets utilize linguistic capabilities to create an engaging literary style through indirect acts. Titled “Indirect Speech Acts in Kurdish Poetry: The Case of Jegerkhin’s Poems,” the study adopts Austin and Searle’s theoretical models. Its significance lies in highlighting how poets often rely on indirect speech acts to shape an aesthetically pleasing mode of expression and to create vivid artistic imagery. These acts align with the poet’s emotions and feelings, encompassing expressions such as declarations, commands, joy, sadness, hope, and more. The research categorizes sentences into declarative, interrogative, and imperative types, analyzing each and identifying the nature of the indirect act within them. Alongside the introduction and conclusions, the study is divided into two parts: the first examines the concepts and types of speech acts, while the second focuses on the language of the poems, identifying and interpreting indirect speech acts within them.
Volume 12 · Issue 6 · December 2025The Effects of Statelessness as a Factor in Poetry Creation in Peshew's work
Rebaz Hassan Rahman Amin, Sangar Qadir Sheikh Mohammad Haji
This research studies the aspects and the effects of statelessness of the Kurds in the poetry of Abdullah Pashew. There are a few nations around the world that suffer from the tragedy of being stateless or in other words nations without an established and recognized state for their own. The Kurds are one of those nations that have suffered from being deprived from having an independent and free state along the history. This state of being stateless effects the individuals in a way either leads them to disappointment and various struggles, or it becomes a source for inspiration and creativity for some other individuals, artists and poets for instance. The Kurdish poet, Abdullah Pashew is one of those who has used the problem of his nation, statelessness of the Kurds, as a source for inspiration, creativity and innovation in his poetry. Pashew, an experienced poet who has gone through exile and being a refugee abroad for years, sees the statelessness as a strong tool for creativity in his poetry especially as a matter for defending national identity and expression of deep feelings and thoughts. This research from a descriptive-analytical perspective deals with two main effects of the statelessness on the individuals. First, it argues the impact of lack of identity on individuals leading the poet to fill the void using art and poetry. Second, it deals with the feelings of exile and refugee ness of the poet that leads to artistic expression and writing poems that in fact it changes the negative feelings into creativity.
Volume 12 · Issue 6 · December 2025Principles Of Poetry in Utopia in Umayyad and Abbasid ‘S Era
Kiner Jasim Mustafa, Hishyar Zaki Hassan
This research attempts to portray the principles of (happiness and love) for Utopia in Umayyad and Abbasid’s poetry because human virtues since the beginning of history have been cared for by scholars and intellectuals, especially poets. Those social issues appear and the world depends on them in explaining its internal and external factors, which determining the nature of things and setting determinants for them, and among them are those matters that maintains a source of nerves and disorder for people in various times and places, the issue of love that people gain and achieve in the world that around them; For a peaceful and doubtful life, and a life filled with happiness and friendliness. We will attempt to discover the principles of love and happiness for utopia in the time of Umayyad and Abbasid poetry to build the world in which poet lives, and the main source of this love and happiness quite different according to his views for them. Those poets of the Umayyad and Abbasid time assume that presented them by shaping this principle according to his personal perspectives and his own view of it, so each of them showed it. According to what he saw in his various poetic goals, as much as the social and linguistic culture exist to him, the impact of which was appeared in his ability to show this unique world of which he could to be one of its members in various forms. The out comes in the introduction, preface, and two sections, with requested under them, and to achieve the goals. In the mentioned research, we depend on the historical method, and descriptive method. Eventually, presenting the most important results recorded by the research with a list of sources and references.
Volume 12 · Issue 3 · June 2025The Appearance of Anthem and Songs in Kurdish Children's Literature
Haydar Mahmood qader, Bakr Shakr Abdulla
This research is designated (the appearance of anthems and songs in Kurdish children's literature). It is descriptive and analytical research. it sorts of an introduction m and has three parts. the first part includes five topics: the first topic ventilates the concept and definition of anthems, the second topic discusses the types of anthems, the third topic discusses the concept and definition of songs, the fourth topic discusses the types of Kurdish songs, and the fifth topic presents the history of Kurdish anthems and songs. The second part consists of three topics: the first discusses the definition of children's anthems, the second discusses the definition of children's songs, and the third presents a comparison between anthems and songs. The third part consists of two topics, the first discusses the history of the appearance of children's songs in Kurdish folk literature, and the second discusses the history of the appearance of children's songs in written literature, the results are presented at several points, and the list of sources is listed scientifically.
Volume 12 · Issue 1 · February 2025Poetry Among the Arabs Until the End of the Umayyad Caliphate Period
Amanj Salam HamadAmeen, Hishyar Zeki Hassan, Mahdi Osman Hussein
This study discusses the emergence of poetry among the Arabs, in which their interest in poetry as a literary source is presented, according to the historical periods, with the fundamental changes that have occurred to poetry in terms of subject matter and the theme of texts in each period or era. Meanwhile, the role of poetry and poets and their influences on society and individuals are also discussed. In addition, it has been mentioned that the poets were attached to their tribes and clans, or that they were close and affiliated with the authorities, whether this was due to praise of the authority or condemnation of their opponents. All these are reflected in the texts and thus several poetic texts and proof have been cited to confirm them, as the nature of the research seems to require this approach. Despite the importance of poetry and the poetic language as well as paying much attention to it in those eras, poetry also played a role in narrating events, even though history had not recorded many events before. Here it is noticed that poetry played the role of narrating and recording the events and anecdotes of the past, and from this point of view, it can be said that whoever wants to become familiar with the situation of Arab society and some of their social, cultural and even political customs either in pre-Islamic period or at the beginning of Islamic era, at least it is necessary to go back to some of the poems of those poets who lived near those eras. Although poets have often mixed events with their imagination and fantasy, so it may not be possible to get a completely real picture of those periods, whatever considered historical reason can be drawn from it, and then by highlighting these literary texts, some hidden and dark sides of those eras can be revealed.
Volume 11 · Issue 6 · December 2024The Reflection of the Idiom in the Poetic Language by the poet Wali Diwana
Dawlat Mohammed Ahmed, Omer Abdulrehman Omer
Generally, Idiomatic expressions are characterized by great importance in creative texts and poetic texts in particular, because they have special connotations that express the extent of the poet's creative ability since the poets embody the content of their poems implicitly within the texts, in an attempt to increase the artistic taste of the reader. This study is entitled “The Reflection of the Idiom in the Poetic Language by the poet Wali Diwana”. We took the poems of the aforementioned poet as a sample for the poets of his time. In those days, the poets of southern Kurdistan, in general, implicitly expressed the living style and social conditions in their poems. The idiomatic expressions of all kinds were embodied in the poems of the above-mentioned poet, in a special style and technique, and this was reflected in the contents of his poems. The importance of this study turns out to be an applied study, and on the other hand, it opens the way for other researchers in the literary and linguistic fields to raise this issue in their studies.
Volume 11 · Issue 5 · October 2024The Plight of the Elderly in Yeats’ Poetry
Ziyad Muhammad Hamad Ameen
This paper examines the plight of the elderly in W.B. Yeats’ poetry. Through a close reading of five poems "Three Old Hermits," "When You Are Old," "The Old Men Admiring Themselves in the Water," "Sailing to Byzantium," and "The Lamentation of the Old Pensioner". This study explores how Yeats portrays aging and its effects on individuals and society. In these poems, Yeats presents a range of perspectives on aging: from the longing for an idealized past to a resigned acceptance of mortality; from a desire for spiritual transcendence to a sense of being trapped in physical decline; from admiration for those who have lived long lives to pity for those who have been forgotten by society. By examining these themes in detail, this paper reveals how Yeats captures both the beauty and tragedy of growing old. Ultimately, this study shows that Yeats’ poetry offers an insightful exploration into the complexities of aging and its impact on the lives of the elderly.
Volume 11 · Issue 3 · June 2024The Reflection of Culture in the poems of (Qani and Piramerd)
Qasim Mohammed Aziz Qadir, Fuad Rashid Mohammed
This research delves into the profound impact that Qani and Piramerd poems have had on culture. The study explores how these works of poetry have shaped cultural expression and left an indelible imprint on society. Through a careful analysis of these poets' works, this research uncovers the rich influence that their poems have had on society over the years. The works of these poets have been highly regarded, preserved as a national heritage, and passed down from generation to generation. Moreover, the study reveals that the language and proverbs used in these poems have become part of the cultural fabric and continue to provide guidance and wisdom to present-day society. Overall, this research underscores the importance of understanding the role of poetry in shaping culture and addressing cultural issues. By exploring the influence of Qani and Piramerd poems on culture, we can gain valuable insights into the cultural dynamics and issues that have impacted society for generations.
Volume 10 · Issue 2 · June 2023A.B Hawri`s poetic experience in Kurdish literature
Mohammed Ameen Abdullah, Diman Mohammed Salah
As is obvious there are many famous poets in Kurdish literature their reputation crossed the borders to be familiar for the other nations, others for any reason couldn`t reach that level That is why focusing on the second group and paying attention to the products they have provided is acknowledged as scientific responsibility, because their product is a valuable Kurdish literature wealth and it`s very important to be preserved. from this point of view, we conducted this research entitled (A.B Hawri`s poetic experience in Kurdish literature),which is the contents of our master`s letter, we`ve highlighted the poet`s live, experience and products, as well as his interpretation and analysis of poetry because he believed that the content of poetry is more important than its form which is the same view that modern poets have about poetry ,he was one of the poets who followed the same innovation in poetry, also we studied his era political and social environment and we knew his perspective about that era`s events through poetry.The we highlighted the literature, intellectual period and his education stage which Hawri went through ,then himself as a teacher was in pursuit of upbringing and educating sons of this country.
Volume 10 · Issue 1 · March 2023The Technique of Repetition in the Poems of Farhad Pirbal and Foroughi Forukhzad
Hawkar Qadir Rasul, Rebaz Mohammad Amin
This research is entitled "The Technique of Repetition in The Poems of Farhad Pirbal and Foroughi Forukhzad" by benefiting from the principles of the French school in the science of literature comparison, one of the most important elements of poetry is the poetry of both poets, the technique of repetition, as a prominent principle and embodiment of the structure of inner music in new poems in general and the poetry of both poets in particular. The comparison between the two poets seems to be due to the fact that, despite the fact that the poetry experiences of both poets are very similar in many ways, this is a valuable focus on the science of literary comparison, on the other hand. The repetition technique is seen as a prominent symbol of the poetic style of both poets in terms of belief, which we believe is a fully aware process and is worth considering by the French school. That is why, despite the repeated types of repetition by both poets, we have pointed to the similarity and co-ordination of the worldview of both poets, and we have proved to what extent pirbal's poetry experience has been influenced by The Worldview of Forough Farrokhzad.