Reading
3 articles filed under this keyword.
Reading the poem "Sweatheart" by "Hazrvan Abdullah" according to the principals of horizon of expectation by Jauss.
Halmat Bayiz Rasool, Dindar Mustafa Saado
Several critical theories have emerged throughout the history of literary criticism, evolving with the different stages and eras in which they developed. One such theory, reception theory, originated in response to the critiques of Russian constructivists and formalists. Established in the early 1970s by Hans-Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser, this theory emerged under particular circumstances in Germany and marked a significant shift in literary criticism by placing a strong emphasis on the role of the reader. The founders introduced numerous concepts and principles for analyzing literary texts, one of the foundational principles being the "horizon of expectations" put forward by Hans-Robert Jauss. This research focuses on analyzing the poem Sweetheart by (Hazervan Abdullah) through the lens of Jauss "horizon of expectations." It examines how the poem’s textual horizons influence and shape the reader’s reception, as well as how new horizons emerge during the act of interpretation. A literary text, particularly a new one, contains limitless horizons, offering diverse possibilities and perspectives to the reader. The significance of this research lies in its innovative approach, particularly in exploring the concept of "expectation" as a key principle in reception theory for analyzing intellectual poetry. In the poem Sweetheart, the poet employs numerous linguistic, structural, and artistic deviations, using them to disrupt the reader’s preconceived horizons, creating a sense of shock and transformation. These deviations allow the poet to exceed the reader's expectations, prompting spontaneity, reflection, and change. As a result, the reader is not confined by the text or passively absorbed in it, but instead becomes an active participant in the reading process—deductive, productive, and driven to uncover alternative meanings within the text.
Volume 11 · Issue 5 · October 2024The Impact of Reciprocal Teaching Strategy on the Achievement of Fifth Grade Students in Arabic Reading in Erbil Governorate.
Dlko Ismael Ibrahim Hamd, Badrkhan Mustafa Ibrahim
The goal of this study was to find out how the mutual teaching method affected the reading skills of fifth graders in Erbil Governorate. The experimental method used in the study was to look at how the independent variable affected the dependent variable by gathering data and using the right statistics analysis to get the results. The study population was all fifth-graders in Erbil Governorate who were learning reading in Arabic during the 2022–2023 school year. To make sure the study tool was valid and reliable statistically, an exploratory sample of 35 female students was chosen. The study sample was split into two groups: an experimental group with 33 students studying Arabic reading using the reciprocal teaching strategy and a control group with 33 students studying Arabic reading using traditional teaching methods. The study found that students in the experimental group got better at reading Arabic after receiving and giving lessons back and forth. This is a statistically significant result, which means that the students in the experimental group did better. As they used strategies that helped them understand what they were reading and became more aware of it, like the question the student asks, his explanations of words and structures they didn't understand, his guesses about what might happen in the text, his reading of the picture that went with the text, and his summary of the text he asked about and his predictions about what would happen in it. All of this makes him more aware of the texts.
Volume 10 · Issue 3 · September 2023Muhamad Khudhair's novel " Kurasat Kanun" A Study of Multi-Authoritative Power
Kawther M. Ahmad, Ramadhan M Karim, Hussien I. Muhamad
The research tackles a studying in the microphysics of power or authority in accordance to its modern form by Michel Foucault (1926-1984) who is regarded among the great philosophers in the second half of twentieth century. The research takes a modern literary text (as it's shown in the title) to trace the hidden and announced struggles among these contexts، and it also discusses the efficiency of this foucauldian concept in the terms of narratology. It، further، shows the theory of fissionable spreading of authority with its main four implications including the cover as sphere for power، the core of authority and its forms، the mechanisms of opposing authority، and criticizing the authority and its institutions and exposing their discourses. Finally، the research displays the concluded points through analysis، and via both horizontal and vertical reading for the narratorial extracts from the novel، then it ends up with footnotes، works cited، and sources.