Rousseau
2 articles filed under this keyword.
Natural Education and the Principles of Epistemology by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Hemn Rasul Hamdamin, Muslim Hassan Mohammed
As one of the pioneers of European Enlightenment philosophy and social covenant, Rousseau advocated freedom and public will, believing that man is endowed with this freedom by nature. A free and independent citizen learns and develops through his own natural experiences and his opinions are shaped, the individual must be in active communication with nature, sovereign over its moral and rational issues, to achieve this goal, the philosophy of natural education as one of the new directions, criticizes and rejects the directions of traditional education, so Rousseau's educational views left a strong influence on the school and philosophers after him, this influence continues to this day. Rousseau's views are mainly expressed in the book of (Emile), He believes that the education process should be in line with the stages of natural development of children, not directed by culture, processes and social agreements in society. Because nature gives man complete will and freedom from the beginning, but society and its institutions deprive him, moral values and human actions are related to nature and under natural laws, not above it. Man is considered to know nature as a child, not society. This paper examines the philosophy of education from Rousseau's perspective using analytical approach. In this paper, the concept of nature in general and the nature of children and the principles of knowledge are discussed. Children's participation in the education process and empirical education reveal Rousseau's significant in the field of education.
Volume 13 · Issue 1 · March 2026The Character of The Child in The Novel "Bohajin" By Nafeh Aqrawi
Zuzan Sadiq Saeed, Shima Ahmed Salim
One of the philosophers of the Enlightenment is “Jean-Jacques Rousseau”, although he was not a successful father, because he left his children in an orphanage after he separated from his wife. However, he was able to establish an educational and training method for the world - which most countries follow today -and put it under the name "Emile" and the style of this book was similar to the style of writing a novel, that is, making "Emile “a character for a child and through this child he established the principles of education. After this book was published, he returned to the orphanage to get his children back, but it was too late because they were given to families who did not own the children, and thus "Rousseau" lost his children because they changed the names and did not know which family had taken his child or children. Middle Eastern societies in general have their own rules and principles, as most countries apply the rules of the clan or the prevailing social system is left by feudal lords and money owners; therefore, people's livelihood is at the mercy of these people. The novel "Al-Ansar" is one of the Kurdish novels in which the writer was able to embody the character of "Emil" the child with the character of a child in the adolescent stage, “Saeed" .In this way, the writer shed light on the prevailing customs and traditions of Kurdish society in a specific area, as well as the strict paternal authority and the injustice that followed it and emotional deprivation, all of this on one hand and taking children out of schools to work in the markets while they are in a stage where they need to be satisfied by playing and enjoying childhood on the other hand. Through this novel, it became clear that Kurdish society at that time was going against the direction of Rousseau's educational principles. Therefore, we find that children who live in a restrictive environment will have weak personalities. Therefore, he chose this novel as an opportunity to show the prevailing educational system in some societies.