Society
6 articles filed under this keyword.
The Character of The Child in The Novel "Bohajin" By Nafeh Aqrawi
Zuzan Sadiq Saeed, Shima Ahmed Salim
One of the philosophers of the Enlightenment is “Jean-Jacques Rousseau”, although he was not a successful father, because he left his children in an orphanage after he separated from his wife. However, he was able to establish an educational and training method for the world - which most countries follow today -and put it under the name "Emile" and the style of this book was similar to the style of writing a novel, that is, making "Emile “a character for a child and through this child he established the principles of education. After this book was published, he returned to the orphanage to get his children back, but it was too late because they were given to families who did not own the children, and thus "Rousseau" lost his children because they changed the names and did not know which family had taken his child or children. Middle Eastern societies in general have their own rules and principles, as most countries apply the rules of the clan or the prevailing social system is left by feudal lords and money owners; therefore, people's livelihood is at the mercy of these people. The novel "Al-Ansar" is one of the Kurdish novels in which the writer was able to embody the character of "Emil" the child with the character of a child in the adolescent stage, “Saeed" .In this way, the writer shed light on the prevailing customs and traditions of Kurdish society in a specific area, as well as the strict paternal authority and the injustice that followed it and emotional deprivation, all of this on one hand and taking children out of schools to work in the markets while they are in a stage where they need to be satisfied by playing and enjoying childhood on the other hand. Through this novel, it became clear that Kurdish society at that time was going against the direction of Rousseau's educational principles. Therefore, we find that children who live in a restrictive environment will have weak personalities. Therefore, he chose this novel as an opportunity to show the prevailing educational system in some societies.
Volume 12 · Issue 4 · August 2025The Impact of Roman Military Thought on the Culture Change and Citizenship from (107 BC to 305 AD)
Fursah Ahmad Hussein, Kameran Mohammed Jalal
This study is under the title (The Impact of Roman Military Thought on the Culture Change and Citizenship from 107 BC to 305 AD). It is a historic study; investigating the influence of Roman Military Thought and the willingness of the society to accept non-roman people and slaves as Roman citizens and being given the legal rights and privileges. The researcher believes that the cities and the colonial places are intensely interrelated which might be the crucial and decisive reason of interaction and the spread and cultural change on one hand. And on the other hand, entering the non-roman people into the army and organizing them in a suitable framework and getting the Roman citizenship after their graduation. Therefore, the researcher inquires how military thought had impact on the different aspects of society. And what was the society’s response and the challenges in front of the of the process? Through this study, the researcher aims to identify the nature of the influences of the cultural and social aspects of the society, which often indirectly had impact on through legal administrative organization, social structures and civil foundations in cities and colonies, and even through reconstruction and services. Also the continuous need of the army for a humanistic power and filling these gaps by non-Roman citizens by granting them Roman citizenship and transferring the troops and military units from different parts of the empire have reflected the substitute process in the long run.
Volume 12 · Issue 2 · April 2025National and Intellectual Thoughts in the Programs and Publications of the Kurdish Societies of Union and Progress and Hevi
Dara Tawfeeq Kaka Amin, Shwan Ahmed Mohammed
Evaluating the national and intellectual contexts without delving into the specific political events and military movements holds significant value, particularly in periods that paved the way for understanding national identity and strengthening intellectual connections. This was foundational for the establishment of Kurdish societies and organizations in the early 20th century. The transformations of that era provided a basis for promoting intellectual and political activities within Ottoman communities. This study focuses on the Kurdish Society of Union and Progress and Hevi (Komeley Te’awun û Terreqî and Hevî) from both national and intellectual perspectives. They emphasized language, writing, education, and the education of the Kurdish people, as well as the establishment of libraries, schools, and the publication of newspapers and magazines. Their efforts were pioneering at the time. Meanwhile, their focus on history, national identity, and differentiation from non-Kurdish organizations positioned them as unique entities. They strived for national awakening and expressed nationalist ideas through contemporary approaches, both in their programs and publications. However, various factors prevented them from fully achieving their main objectives, necessitating further scholarly inquiry. Undoubtedly, this topic requires extensive research to trace the early foundations of Kurdish nationalism and its intellectual evolution. And Understanding the roles played by these associations and organizations, their achievements, what roles did these organizations play? Where did their efforts succeed? And what additional steps were necessary for them to achieve their goals? This study is conducted with the aim of evaluating their role and impact in shaping Kurdish nationalism and enlightenment.
Volume 12 · Issue 1 · February 2025Concept of Kurdish Society Socio-anthropological reading
Hemin Baqir Abdul
In this research the concept of Kurdish society has been examined. Using descriptive analysis method, the researcher answered some key questions about Kurdish society. The researcher noticed that in daily life as well as in the academic and media sectors, the concept of Kurdish society has not been used in a proper way. There are many reasons for that, including the lake in the set of rules which all society should have. conclusion suggests that there is no one Kurdish society. In other words, some may confront different Kurdish society who share some important features and have something in common in term of cultural norm. Moreover, each of these societies has its own cultural, economic and political development. It is more logical to make divisions and be more specific while we are going to name them. For example, it is better to say the Kurdish society of south, the Kurdish society of north, the Kurdish society of
Volume 9 · Issue 5 · December 2022Enlightenment Thinking and its Consequences in Contemporary Kurdish Poetry
Lanja Abdurahman Ghareeb, Mohhammed Amin Abdullah
Enlightenment as an intellectual concept is the result of the perspectives of many thinkers and philosophers in the western world. It has become the source of deep change in the western culture and thinking; it has also come into the eastern world and culture. Eventually, the influence of that movement arrived at the Kurdish literature and can easily be found in the works of Kurdish poets and authors. They dealt with the phenomenon in accordance with their understanding in Kurdish poems. Although the influence of the phenomenon has not reflected in the minds of the Kurdish poets, due to the inappropriate conditions of our nation, as is the case in the western world, the Kurdish poets could take advantage from the various aspects of phenomenon and renew the content of the Kurdish poetry. Enlightenment poets played an effective role in raising the awareness of Kurdish society, especially those who were aware of the innovation movement in the world and had a deep understanding of the conditions of the Kurdish society. Hence, poetry became a moving and a educating message. As a result, we see that the content of the poetry of that period has experienced a remarkable change.
Volume 7 · Issue 4 · December 2020Female Authority And The Representation of Womanhood In H. Rider Haggard’s Ayesha
Shokhan Rasool Ahmed
Haggard’s Ayesha is the continuation of the Victorian dream novel She. H. Rider Haggard's She, subtitled A History of Adventure, is figured to be among top rated books at any point distributed: it had sold exactly 83 million duplicates by 1965. Ayesha (really articulated 'Assha'), subtitled The Return of She, who takes after She in the book, is an amazing and puzzling white sovereign who administers the African Amahagger individuals. Ayesha has enchantment controls and is undying, which makes She a dream experience book. Despite the fact that She and Ayesha were distributed almost twenty years separated, H. Rider Haggard stated that Ayesha was a decision to a two-section book, not a continuation. There is likewise a "prequel," She and Allan (1921). In the two books, an imaginary manager shows an original copy portrayal by Ludwig Horace Holly. In Haggard’s She, considering that some parts of the novel are so comfortable, readers might feel compelled into thinking that they are going through Haggard’s tour in Africa. Fortunately, in any event, when the plot eases back to a nearly gastropod pace, the way Haggard's depicts the African culture and scene conveys the reader along. Ayesha, known as She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed, first showed up in sequential structure from 1896 to 1897 in the novel She. Ayesha is one of the marvelous, kick-ass lady characters in Victorian writing who represents the misogynist construction of femininity and embodies the femme fatale. This paper is principally concerned about the representation of feminine power and the representation of womanhood in Haggard’s Ayesha. Some questions will be investigated here. Can one consider Ayesha as a “conclusion” or a “sequel” to She since the whole novel replicates the same thematic and structural maneuvers of She? Does Haggard revive Ayesha, the “new woman”, in The Return of She respond to the threat to traditional gender roles? The findings of this study will be beneficial for the researchers, and all the undergraduate and postgraduate students of English department.