Strategy
3 articles filed under this keyword.
Drone Operations by Non-state Actors in the Middle East
Parwar Saeed Saido, Shoker Abobeker Aziz
This study examines the impact of drone technology on the operational capabilities of armed non-state actors (ANSAs) in the Middle East, following 2010; the Middle East entered a new era of conflict, the escalations led to the appearance of new terrorist groups like Islamic state in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), and regional competition led to increased involvement of armed groups in the conflicts. Drone technology has extensively contributed to these conflicts through armed non-state actors in the region. The research focuses specifically on Hezbollah and ISIS in drone warfare. It explores how the adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has reshaped traditional paradigms of asymmetric warfare by enhancing reconnaissance, precision strike capabilities, and long-range operations. The research has conducted a comparative analysis between both groups in terms of when Hezbollah, supported by state sponsorship, has developed a structured and technologically sophisticated drone program, whereas ISIS has employed an improvisational, low-cost approach aimed at disrupting enemy forces through innovative tactics. The research indicated how drone technology has significantly increased their reach and precision in targeted strikes, highlighting their ability to project power and adapt to evolving battlefield conditions. Ultimately, the increasing accessibility and deployment of drone technology by (ANSAs) in conflict zones, particularly in the Middle East, poses significant challenges to traditional security paradigms and necessitates a deeper understanding of its impact on asymmetric warfare. The aim of the study is to answer the question of how have Hezbollah and ISIS utilized drone technology to reshape their operational capabilities and asymmetric warfare strategies in the Middle East? The study underscores the growing need for flexible security policies in response to the proliferation of drones beyond state control and their integration into hybrid and irregular warfare strategies.
Volume 12 · Issue 6 · December 2025The Effect of the LRD Strategy in Obtaining the Kurdish Literature for the Students of the eighth Basic Grade
Maher Taher Salih, Ismael Ahmed Simo, Kamran Ibrahim Khalil3
This study aimed to examine the Effect of the Listen-read-discus (LRD) strategy on the students of eighth stage in basic education schools in Kurdish literature subject. The research adapt the experimental method that used to evaluate the achievement of two equal groups chosen from different schools.The researchers conducted two schools intentionally from west department of education in Duhok city.Two Groups had been chosen randomly, group (A) consists of 21 students from Hajar Mukirian school for experiment group and group (C) consists of 22 students from Aland school for the control group. The researchers ensured equivalence between the two groups in some relevant variables. To achieve the aim of the study an assessment has been conducted. The assessment consists of 35 items 25 items were multiple choices and 10 were true/ false. After applying the experimental assessment on the researcher’s sample data has been found and analysis statistically by using (t.test) experimental Design on two separated groups uneqlized in number, the results in the study showed that there is differences statistically between the two groups in the average score on the grades of the students studied Kurdish literature adopted (LRD) strategy and the average score of students grades studied the same subject in common method. In conclusion, using LRD strategy has a positive effect on students’ grades accordingly; the researchers conclude some suggestions and recommendations.
Volume 12 · Issue 4 · August 2025The Effect of the Raft Strategy in Obtaining the Kurdish Language Grammar for the Students of the Fifth Basic Grade
Shaban Ramadan Hassan, Ayad Faiz Allah Othman
The study investigated the efficacy of Rafat strategy on Kurdish grammar acquisition among fifth-grade primary students. The research population encompassed schools within the Amedi District Education Directorate's jurisdiction. Through purposive sampling, researchers selected Isifka and Rozh mixed primary schools, randomly assigning subjects to experimental group in Isifka School (30) students and the control group in Rozh School (29) students. The researcher also controlled a number of non-experimental variables. A 25-item achievement test was constructed to measure learning outcomes. Following experimental implementation, data collection, and statistical analysis, results indicated statistically significant differences between the experimental group taught via Rafat strategy and the control group instructed through conventional methodologies. Mean score comparisons revealed superior performance among students exposed to the Rafat strategy. Statistical significance of these differences confirmed the hypothesis that Rafat strategy positively impacts Kurdish grammar acquisition. The findings demonstrate that strategic instructional interventions can enhance grammatical competence among primary school learners. This research contributes to the pedagogical literature on effective grammar instruction methodologies in the context of Kurdish language education, suggesting that innovative approaches like Rafat strategy warrant further implementation and investigation in primary educational settings. The researchers concluded that the experimental intervention produced measurable improvements in student achievement compared to traditional instructional approaches.RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.