Structure
5 articles filed under this keyword.
Case Assignment to Complements within Lexical Phrases
Shahrazad Issa Meshko, Sanya Jabar Abuzeid
This study uses Case Theory in the Government and Binding framework to explore the role of complements in lexical phrases within the Bahdini sub-dialect of Kurdish. Complements are essential elements in syntactic structures; In some phrases, they are obligatory, while in others, they are optional. Their presence and structure are essential at both syntactic and semantic degrees and fundamental to multiple branches of generative grammar.The research searches the case grading of complements to lexical leaders and extensive verbs, nouns, adjectives, and prepositions in Bahdini. The primary emphasis is on overt case form, including the accusative, which quality gender-specific markers in plural forms and abstract or unblemished cases. The study investigates the groups of complements that accept cases, the features of these cases, and the criteria for case tasks determined by the syntactic position and structure of both the complement and the lexical head. The result shows that not all lexical phrase complements in Bahdini have case marks. The allocation of cases varies by the phrase's internal structure and the element's grammatical function. The research utilizes a descriptive-analytical methodology, concentrating solely on the syntactic and semantic dimensions, employing data from naturally occurring language examples in Bahdini to validate the theoretical discourse.
Volume 12 · Issue 5 · October 2025The Meaning of the Word (Salam) And Its Function in The Holy Qur’an
Bayan Omer Sabr, Amir Rafiq Awla
The research deals with the functional aspect of the individual grammatical sections according to Arabic scholars in the composition of verses of peace, and reveals their structural and semantic dimensions. The research concluded that the functional aspect of the language was not absent in the study of Arabic scholars, even if they did not declare it, and that they were aware of the purposes of the language. Grammatical sections, the functions they perform within the structure, and their relationship to the position. The grammatical function is linked to the syntactic mark and determines the type of function. We can define the grammatical function as the grammatical position that the word works to occupy as a result of its connection to other elements of words in the structure. In other words, it represents the linguistic function that words perform through their connection to each other through grammatical meanings and connotations, such as the word being a verb, subject, or object...and others. The research plan required that it include an introduction, a preface, and five axes: the function of the nominal sentence. And the function of the phrasal verb. Effects, consequences, complements, and tools. In this research, we relied on the descriptive and analytical methodology, by tracking the functional aspects in the grammar sections from what was mentioned in the composition of the Salam verses, and we tried to find only one or two verses for each issue of grammatical and functional diversity. This is to avoid repetition and narrowness. When presenting the different opinions, reliance was also placed on the prevailing grammatical opinions, (books) of interpretations, and (sources) of parsing of the Holy Qur’an.To reach the intended meaning of the verse. Then discuss it, in order to determine the grammatical functions of its individual chapters.
Volume 12 · Issue 2 · April 2025Analysis of the text "Echo of Khani" according to formalist theory
Jivan Noaman Haji
The text of Khani’s echo is a poetic text that represents a conversation with an absent text and builds its foundation on it. This idea was presented by Ahmad Khani in his famous epic "Mem and Zin." This text consists of (59) verses. These verses are organized in a syllabic meter with ten segments and a rhyming couplet. This text attempts to transcend Khani's philosophy and explains the subject with new wisdom and philosophy, mentioning examples and evidence. For this reason, it caught our attention and we chose it as the title for our research entitled (Analysis of the Text of Khani’s echo According to Formalist Theory) to analyze the text and observe the extent of its intertextuality with the ancient text. Due to the necessity of the subject, Bakhtin's dialogic theory was also used in the analysis. The research consists of two chapters. The first chapter addresses the external structure of the text and how to analyze it. The second chapter discusses the internal structure and the reflection of intertextuality within it.
Volume 12 · Issue 2 · April 2025Minimalist Program Related to Collocation in Kurdish Language
Khoshnaw Azeez Hama Ameen, Rozhan Noori Abdulla, Bazyan Yuns Muhiadin
This study is devoted to framing of how to describe "Minimalist Program Related to Collocation in Kurdish Language", aiming to address and analyze the history, principles, the detail of the Program and its distinguished characteristics from the previous stages of Generative and Transformation Grammar, along with the specifying of the most significant modifications and transitions. Furthermore, it analysis the use of the Program in the correct syntactical representation of collocation, whereas up to date; Studies and researches on language and linguistics in Kurdistan has been regarded as a hobby. In other words, little systematic research has been conducted on collocation and its principles. Based on the foregoing principles, this paper aims to examine and explore certain aspects of a new stage of Generative and Transformation Grammar, which is “Minimalist Program”, and how to apply it on collocation in Kurdish language. The Research is conducted according to the (Descriptive Analysis) Approach in the light of Chomsky's production theory. And; the research components are derived from the Central Kurmanji- Slemani dialect. In order to achieve this scientific purpose, the research has been divided into three Chapters: The First section focuses on "Some Theoretical Aspects and the map of Minimalist Program", and the Second section is dedicated to "Transitions and Some Principles of Minimalist Program", while the Third section which is the final section of this study, Collocation in the Framework of Minimalist Program practically has been explored. In this research, the Introduction, the Results and the bibliography, along with this Abstract are presented in a very scientific order.
Volume 10 · Issue 3 · September 2023Dimensions of Character pedestal in the Novel "Nights of Adam" by Bayan Salman
Mariwan Omer Hassan, Ashti Hussein Arif
Undoubtedly, Characters are of great significance in novels cannot be written without them. Characters are comprised of a numbers of dimensions which play an important role in making the characters. This thesis attempts to analyze the dimensions of making the characters in the novel using a descriptive analysis method. Our research consists of two chapters. The first part entitled” theorized the concepts of the research”, an account is given regarding the main terms of the study including “dimensions, character, the process of making character, and the types of character in novels”. The second part entitled “the dimensions of character pedestal in the novel "Nights of Adam" by Bayan Salman”.