Temperature
4 articles filed under this keyword.
Analysis Of the Relationship Between Vegetation and Surface Temperature in Pishdar District, During the Years (1994-2024) Using Remote Sensing
Sarbaz Ahmed Mustafa, Azad Othman Rasul
The analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) is very important for understanding the relationship between vegetation and land surface temperature in Pshdar District. Changes in vegetation cover can be a factor for temperature rise due to the replacement of barren or green lands with urban areas. The objective of this research is to understand the change in vegetation cover and land surface temperature using remote sensing, and to investigate the relationship between LST changes and vegetation cover changes. In this study, Sentinel-2 satellite images were used for seasonal vegetation comparison, and Landsat-5 satellite images for the years (1994-2004) and Landsat-8 satellite images for the years (2014-2024), including OLI and TIRS sensors, were used for calculating Land Surface Temperature (LST) and vegetation cover mapping in the study area through the use of ENVI 5.3, ArcGIS 10.4, Google Earth Engine, and Python 3.9.15 programming software. We classified our study area into four categories: bare land areas, low vegetation areas, medium vegetation areas, and dense vegetation areas. The results show that a moderate inverse relationship with a value of R = -0.590 was found between NDVI and LST, where increased NDVI corresponds to decreased temperature in vegetation areas. This study utilises satellite data to understand the relationship between vegetation and surface temperature in Pishdar district, which is useful for environmental planning and climate change mitigation.
Volume 12 · Issue 5 · October 2025Water Soil Erosion Has Significant Impact on Creating Geomorphic Hazards in Sarkapkan District.
Saman Mala Hamadamin, Pshtiwan Ali Mohammed
Gavrilovic’s EPM model in integration with GIS and its mathematical models combined with other indexes including natural plants, rainfall averages, temperature averages, soil samples and slope are used to determine the water induced soil erosion mass. Landsat9 satellite images especially bands four, five and ten are also utilized after classifying into 6 levels, we conclude that water soil erosion is moderate in the study area which covers the largest area of the study area with an area of 85.57 km2 and %28.69 of the total area of the study are; this is due to the density of natural plants and characteristics of the study area soil. The estimated erosion rate is between 4.59 and 6.43 m3/km2/ year. Sever erosion is only estimated at around 112 and 182 m3/km2/year with a toral area of 7.5 km2 which makes up %2.535 of the total area of the study area. Very weak erosion occupy a total area of 44.28km2 and %22.14 of the total study area. The estimated erosion mass for this category is 4.30 and 34.6 m3/km2/ year.
Volume 11 · Issue 2 · April 2024Statistical Analyses of Weather Conditions Impacts on Consumptive Use for Rice Production in Sulaimani Province
Bushra Qadir Karim
In this study, we show the impact of climate on the rate of consumption of water for production of rice as an agricultural product in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Various data was obtained from multiple weather stations including (Dukan, Chwarta, Penjween, Bazian, Sulaymaniyah and Darbandikhan) from the year 2003until 2016, and also determing those climate factors that have positive and negative influences on the consumption use of water .Thorinthweet equation was used to estimate the amount of potential evapotranspiration using rice plant coefficient.In this investigation, we depend on Description method to describe the relationship between climate elements and consumption of water, with Comparing method to compare consumption of water between the metrological stations, and Depending on this mathematical formula, the amount of water consumption in the study area was also found. Furthermore, effects of geographical distribution at both seasonal and periodic levels of rice crop growth were identified. Our aim in this investigation is the ability to irrigate our crops in a scientific way. Detailed statistical analysis revealed that climatic factors exert great influences of almost 99%, The temperature may come in the first degree for the positive reasons, and for the moisture component in the first degree for the negative reasons.
Volume 7 · Issue 3 · August 2020Statistical Analysis of The Effects of Weather on Psychological Depression and Schizophrenia In The City of Sulaymaniah
Bushra Qadir Kareem
In this study, we showed the effect of psychiatric illnesses including depression and schizophrenia. Based on data obtained from Sulaymaniah city’s weather station’s records from the year 2009 to 2019. The data for the psychological illnesses were obtained from Sulaymaniah Directorate for psychological illnesses from 2009-2019 using SPSS-14. We revealed that weather conditions affect the incidence of these diseases at a rate of (81.3%) Furthermore, the effects were analyzed based on their correlation and the correlation coefficient was determined for each of the weather elements. Temperature is a positive factor that affects depression at a rate of (33.7%). While sun light positively affects schizophrenia at a rate of (15.7%) conversely among the negative factors, raining is the most common factor that affects depression at a rate of (43.5%). In addition, clouds negatively affect schizophrenia at a lower rate which is (21.3%).