Topography
3 articles filed under this keyword.
The Drainage Basins' Morphometric and Hydrological Features in Choman District's Northeast and North
Peshewa Mohammed Ali, Barzan Mohammed Hamad
This research is a morphometric analysis of the watersheds in the northern and northeastern valleys of Choman district, which includes several watersheds: Darband, Nawanda, Dilza, and Warda watersheds, with a total area of (83.145) km², located between the latitudes (36°47’10” - 36°47’58”) North and longitudes (44°49’15” - 44°58’46”) East. The highest peak is in Darband watershed at (3607)m, followed by Nawanda watershed at (3584)m, Warda watershed at (2117)m, and Dilza watershed at (2800)m. The lowest points of the watersheds are 1207, 1156, 1137, and 1100 respectively. The length of Darband watershed is (13.65)km, Nawanda watershed (11.99)km, and Dilza watershed (8.63)km. The shortest watershed is Warda at (3.91)km. Darband watershed has the greatest width at (5.67)km, Nawanda (3.26)km, Dilza watershed (2.34)km, and Warda watershed (0.78)km. The drainage density of Darband watershed is (5.47)km²/km, Nawanda watershed (0.48)km²/km, Dilza (0.44)km²/km, and Warda watershed (0.41)km²/km. Generally, all watersheds are close to circular in shape. Detailed morphometric analysis of the watersheds reveals that the morphometry of drainage networks has an impact on the geomorphology and landforms, as well as the size and characteristics of the temporary river systems in the study area. This research utilized remote sensing technology and Geographic Informatio System (GIS) with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data.
Volume 12 · Issue 3 · June 2025Evaluation of the Military Foundations of the Topography of the Asos Mountain Range Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Rebeen Rostam Rasull, Dler Khalid Hassan, Pshtiwan Shafeeq Ahmad, Yadgar Mustafa Ibrahim
This study aims to evaluate the military principles of the topography of the Assos Mountain Range using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with a specific focus on military guides and Defense Tools in ArcGIS Pro. The analysis is centered on the relationship between elevation, slope (degree and direction), and their military implications. By integrating spatial data and GIS-based mapping, the study examines key topographic factors affecting military mobility, defense positioning, and operational strategies. The significance of this research lies in its systematic evaluation of selected military principles in relation to the Assos Mountain Range, utilizing geospatial data and analytical tools. To achieve its objectives, the study employs a descriptive approach combined with statistical analysis (strength analysis method). The study is divided into an introduction and three axes, The first axis is devoted to introducing the geographical location of the research region, concepts, terms and sections of (Military Tools), while the second axis is the military principles of the high mountain range of Assos The third axis refers to the military principles of the Assos mountain Range. The findings indicate that the Assos Mountains cover an area of approximately 714 km², with an 11 km international border with Iran. The highest peak exceeds 2,500 meters above sea level, while 63% of the study area lies between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. Moreover, over 80% of the terrain has slopes greater than 10 degrees, presenting significant mobility challenges for military vehicles, tanks, and armored units. The study underscores the crucial role of GIS, particularly Defense Tools, in advancing modern military planning, strategic decision-making, and operational effectiveness.
Volume 10 · Issue 4 · December 2023Analysis Hydromorphometric of Qandil River Baisn
Hikmat Abdul-Aziz Hammed Al-huseiny, Yadgar Mustafa Ibrahim
The watershed of the Qandil River is located in the northeast of Sulaimani province and the east of the Kurdistan Region. Physio-graphically, the study area is considered to be a rugged mountainous area, astronomically located between the latitudes (36 13 14–36 31 15) north and the longitudes (44 53 52–45 06 13) east. The area of the watershed is (219 km2) The main objective of this study is to identify the environmental characteristics of the study area and draw specific maps for each of them in order to take the necessary steps to analyze the hydromorphometric area. At the beginning of the study, the natural environment of the watershed of the Qandil River and its effects on hydromorphometric factors such as (Geology, altitude, and climate were analyzed. This is by analyzing the characteristics of each of these genders and their effects at different levels at the level of water resources. In the second part, focused on each of the most important geomorphology and morphometry of watersheds of the Qandil river watershed, which consists of two watersheds. In the first topic, after preparing the map of the river irrigation network, the most important geomorphological features of the watersheds are discussed, such as main rivers, branches, irrigation systems, streams and their types. In the second topic, the most important morphometric measurements were doing for watersheds. On this topic, emphasis was placed on the study of their characteristics (area, shape, altitude, and river network). The results of the study show that the natural characteristics of the study area play a major role in the richness of water resources and the rapid flow of streams, tributaries, and the main river of the watershed.