Urbanization
2 articles filed under this keyword.
The Role of Urbanization in the Modernization of Social Values with in the Kurdish Family
Akar Salam Bakr, Shvan Esmael Hamad
Urbanization is one of the most crucial worldwide phenomena which functions as a major operator of social and cultural changes. In Kurdish society, especially in Erbil city, there has been rapid urban developments in the last few decades, which has been the reason for the creation of a dynamic interplay between traditional values and modern lifestyles. The main objective of this research is to explore the role of urbanization in the transformation of social values within Kurdish families. The study aims to examine the extent to which modern values are adopted, the impact of the urban environment on family structure and behavior. To achieve these objectives, a quantitative research method was followed, and a questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The research population consisted of families in the city of Erbil, and a purposive sample of 390 families was selected from 13 different neighborhoods of the city, representing various levels of social and economic status. The reliability of the research scale was 86.22%, and the placement (Cronbach's Alpha) was 0.771, which indicates a high level of reliability. The main findings of the research reveal that the process of modernization within Kurdish families is complex. On one hand, there is a noticeable acceptance of certain modern values, such as mixed-gender education. The research also discovered a strong relationship between new media and consumer culture. Moreover, differences in lifestyles between the various neighborhoods of the city were identified, which reflects the diversity of urban culture.
Volume 13 · Issue 1 · March 2026The Dynamics of Social Change in the Philosophy of Ibn Khaldun
Renas Brahim Hamed, Ahmad Mahmood Ahmad
This study is a part of a scientific investigation into the philosophy of “social change” in the view of Ibn Khaldun. It is divided into three parts, each addressing key topics. The first part searches the concept of “social change”, focusing on Ibn Khaldun's definition and interpretation. It assesses his analysis of the two different stages of urbanization ”before and after” and shows the signs and characteristics of each stage, connecting them to the broader process of social change. The paper also mentions the effect of geography on behavioral differences and evolving social norms and roles, as discovered through Khaldun’s philosophical views. Furthermore , it examines Ibn Khaldun’s theory on the biological cycle of civilizations, states, and political institutions. The study further highlights the causes and behaviors he identifies as mechanisms driving what he terms "social change," concluding with several essential results and suggestions.