The Types of the punishments Imposed on the Exiles in the Period of the Abbasid Age between (334−656 H / 946−1285 AD)

Abstract

According to Qur'an and the hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him)، the exile is a stable punishment which all the Shari’ah scholars are agree on. On the other hand، the scholars of Shari'ah agree that exile is a form of punishment (al-ta'zir) reprimand and abandoned according to the opinion of the Caliph. The purpose of this punishment was to prevent crime or to set limits as much as possible. Exile means the removal of the convict from his criminal environment to another place، just as the duration of the convict's stay in the place to which he was removed is left to the authorities. In addition، despite the expulsion of the convicts، they faced various forms of torture that were different from previous periods، due to the emergence of different authorities in the management of state affairs with the caliph، including Bani Buya (334-447 AH/945-1055 AD)، who they were from Daylam and were Persians، and Seljuks (447-656 AH/1055-1258 AD) who were from the land beyond the river and were of Turkish. That’s، during this historical time، there were other authorities who pursued various policies of torture against their opponents in order to defeat and to threaten them.