Education
15 articles filed under this keyword.
The Philosophy of Education from the Perspective of Modern Philosophy
Kewan Muhammed Abdulla, Batool Radha Abas
This research focuses on the theory of education in modern times especially in John Locke’s perspective, the founder of empiricism and the school of natural education, through analysing Locke’s main thoughts. It focuses on the relation between child’s education and concepts of goodness, virtue, freedom, religion and politics. Due to his experience in philosophy and education, he participated in development of educational thoughts. Locke has talked about four types of education; which are Virtue Education, Wisdom Education (Wisdom), Breeding Education and Learning Education (Learning). He has put a major emphasize on the physical education and gave it an important place in his education system. He has earned a big pride in developing the concept of educational philosophy during the century he lived in. He has established the pillars and foundation of education, provided a clear path for mentors and teachers in educating children. He also added another important element to the concept of the core educational philosophy on the nature of the student which is the “Blank Slates” (Tabula Rasa), which refers to the idea that human mind right after birth is totally void of any ideas or innate memories, rather ideas and experiences are obtained from the environment in which the child is growing in, or through those principles that the society is providing. Locke believes children can be prepared for any specific field through education, which involves physical, behavioural and mind education. The aim of Locke’s education in children is the subjects of education in relation to goodness, virtue and reaching completeness. The virtue Locke is talking about is earned through intensive physical and mental education.
Volume 12 · Issue 6 · December 2025The Moral Education from the perspective of Emile Durkheim
Othman Braim Hamad, Hataw Kareem Khidir
This research aims to identify the meaning of moral concept, and identify Durkheim’s perspective on moral education and its duties. Identify the mechanisms of moral education in the classical Society and new society in his viewpoint. Furthermore, this research seeks to understand the benefits of this vision to the new societies generally and Kurdish society especially. This is theoretical research that relies on the analytical descriptive method. The most important conclusions of this research are: According to Durkheim’s point of view, morality is a social fact that consists of common norms, laws, and rules applied by society, which all citizens have a duty to abide by. In Durkheim’s view, moral education involves teaching and training individuals in society's laws, common values, and behaviors, and implanting them into their souls. The most important function of morality is to create social solidarity. In old and simple societies, religion played a major role in moral education, but for the new society, it emphasizes the secular and rational education, shaped by the state and directed through its institutions (schools), was intended to replace religious moral instruction. Through the education can develop the values of patriotism, unity, and a spirit of coexistence within Kurdish society.
Volume 12 · Issue 3 · June 2025A Geographical Analysis of the Potentiality of Educational Services in Bahrka Subdistrict and Its Impact on The Population Distribution
Tanka Osman Saeed, Fatimah Qader Mustafa
Education is one of the most important criteria by which the level of development and progress of society is measured and it is also the key to the development of individuals in general, and the experiences of modern countries have proven this fact, as well as there is no doubt that the beginning of real progress is the education and learning, because the maturation of each society is imposed on it, which must pass through the gate of learning. In this context, the study of educational services in the Bahrka subdistrict gives us a complete overview of the level of development of this service, particularly the importance of the development of society. Therefore, the topic; “A Geographical Analysis of The Potentiality of Educational Services in Bahrka Subdistrict and Its Impact on The Population Distribution” was chosen in order to highlight the nature of educational services in this place and clarify its role in the population distribution of Bahrka subdistrict. Therefore, the research problem is summarized as follows: what is the level of educational services in Bahrka subdistrict? To what extent may it fit into the planning and educational criteria? The hypothesis of the research is that there are differences in the distribution of educational services between schools (primary and secondary) on the base of;(urban and Rural) levels in Bahrka subdistrict. The main objective of this study is to provide a clear indication of the distribution of educational services, and then the role of this service and its impact on the distribution of the population in the study area, the study was based on a (descriptive and analytical) approach, and the study area is Bahrka subdistrict which located north of Erbil city. Its area is (255) km² within the framework of the study period) 2022-2009 (and at the end of the research, the study reached a number of conclusions and recommendations.
Volume 12 · Issue 1 · February 2025Causes of School Dropouts in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in 2021
Senik Tahir Mahmood, Hakim Qadir Taha, Mahmood Muhammad Hamza
The Ministry of Education (MOE-KRG) conducted a campaign for raising awareness among students, parents and local communities. Despite this operation and many other efforts by the Kurdistan Regional Government to reform the education sector targeting all aspects, numerous challenges remain that are hereditary and persistent. These challenges involve socioeconomic, institutional, and cultural dimensions and factors. This research paper studied these factors enumerating the differences between genders and between urban and rural areas in the Kurdistan region. This paper analyzed survey data officially obtained from the MOE-KRG using quantitative approaches. This paper conducted multiple Pearson’s Chi-Square tests and cross-tabulation analyses. Results indicated that there are statically significant differences between male students and female students in terms of child labor, disabilities, and school distance, which dropping out rates among male students were higher than those of female students due to these factors. Furthermore, dropping out of school was more common among seventh graders. Hence, it is essential to expand the role of the social workers in schools to support students and reduce rates of dropping out of schools, in addition to raising awareness in the communities and implement policy reform in the education system.
Volume 11 · Issue 1 · February 2024Educational and schooling thought in Piramerd's Poetic Proverbs
Hamanwri Omer Kaki, Sdiq Aurahman Ali
Proverbs are product of each society's thoughts and views on phenomena and events and their worldview for the future, which have appeared as a result of the experiences of enlightened people and the whole of society has participated in expressing and formulating them. Among them, the poetic proverbs which are the work of experienced and wise persons that generated them, and afterwards became the property of society which have an important value for any subject and purpose, that we want to know the people's opinion about. In the view of importance of poetic proverbs and their impact on education, this study investigates Piramerd's Poetic Proverbs entitled (Educational and schooling thought in Piramerd's Poetic Proverbs). Piramerd looks for importance of education in the view of Kurdish society in that era and importance of education in Kurdish proverb in particular, what was the status of education at that time? What was the desired trend of education? The study consists of two sections: the first section includes the concept of proverb, poetic proverb, and the importance of education and the role of educational proverbs. In the second section, on the basis of warning, avoidance, instructions, guidelines, objectives of the poetic proverbs and their contents are explained and shedding light on their aims; thereafter, the perspectives and worldviews are identified. Finally, the results are showed.
Volume 10 · Issue 3 · September 2023Teaching conversational skill in the Arabic language department at Raparin University, problems and solutions
Adnan Amen Muhammed, Diary Kamal Omer
This research, which is part of my master's thesis, aims to clarify the linguistic problems (grammar, morphology and sound) in the process of teaching conversational skill in the Department of Arabic Language at Raparin University, with proposing solutions that the researcher thinks are likely to solve those problems, and the researcher's work To know these problems by teaching the speaking skill for a full academic year (2021-2022 AD) and using two study tools, namely: the oral test card and the questionnaire), accompanied by the subject’s professor (Twana Qader Saber Al-Khalkani).
Volume 10 · Issue 2 · June 2023Efficiency of educational services in the city of Chamchamal
Chirakhan Nasruddin Saleh, Kamran Mohammed Tawfiq, Aram Hassan Mohammed
Education is one of the most important sectors of any state, or a region the vital role it has in enhancing the cultural level of a society and developing their scientific state by committing to the educational standards and the effective distribution of educational services in populated areas. The city of Chamachamal، similar to other cities of the world in general and other cities of Kurdistan in particular، is not deprived from educational services، which is, however, not up to the growing number of the resident. Generally، the educational services include these stages: Kindergarten, basic education (primary and intermediate 1-9), and secondary education (10-12). This study aims to identify the educational services in the city of Chamchaml and delimit their shortcomings using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to display the way each of the educational services in the city’s neighborhoods. The current study has been based on data and information presented by the directorate of education of Chamchamal. To enrich the study via gaining first hand details, field visits were paid to the kindergartens and schools of Chamchamal for the academic year (2020-2021).
Volume 10 · Issue 1 · March 2023The Relationship between Art and Education
Hasan Husen Sdiq, Bayar Othman Qadir
Art and education are two main significant subjects. They have had a great effect on both Man's life and thinking in past and their effects in present which are seen obviously yet nowadays. Indeed, as two different independent fields, each of them has its own independent concept, task and indication as well as there is a strong connection between them at the same time. As it can be seen and sensed their effective roles in Man's life and thinking clearly in different ways, in the same way, their connections are obvious and it has been reached a level that makes a new independent philosophical ideological field come into being which is (Education of Art). Art is a way of using of imagination to express idea through the various kinds of arts such as: music, drawing and painting, performance, literature, sculpture or any other subject in the field. According to different eras, philosophies and understandings; art has a different indication and meaning. In giving importance on the concept of art, it has been different form an era and a philosophy to an era and philosophy in different times and it can be seen that its significance is different clearly. In the same way, education is a really important subject and Man has given importance to it from pre-historic era for the purpose of directing, instructing, teaching and educating a person or a thing so as to adapt with a various environment and different elements until the final stage which is endurable. The significance and key role of this field has been noticed and seen in different ways throughout history. Although, each of art and education has relation with each other and they have influence on each other, at the same time, each of them has relationship with other sciences in different ways. Because, these two subjects are not closed subjects in the face of other fields like knowledge, thinking and public life. These connections are clearly appeared in fields of sociology, religion, science, ethics, psychology and nature. The relationship between art and education is more appeared in the education of children. The educators demand to get benefit from art to improve and ease the process of education, at the same time, it is given importance to education in order to teach different kinds of arts.
Volume 10 · Issue 1 · March 2023Children's Theatre and Achieving Educational Goals in Schools
Nabaz Esmail Kamal
The most crucial aspects of community development، which connect to the future of each community's function and its future، are education and learning steps. In order for their correctness and stability to guarantee a good living for people and serve people، nations determine the fields of theater، education، and learning as well as the level of cultural and civil understanding that is to come. Children's theatrical development has always been at a low level in the Kurdistan Region due to ongoing occupation and abuses of sovereignty، and this weakness is increasingly apparent between 2003 and 2021. even while its justifications are altering. We will discuss the forerunners and goals of the development of children's theater since the Greek era as a source based on resources in this study. We will also analyze the essential elements of children's theatre and significant educational pathways، as well as different types of children's theatre and their effects on children، the circumstances of writing drama texts، the role، and responsibilities of the director's teacher in how to deal with performances and presentations، as well as s presenting some findings regarding children's theater and the impact of punctuality.
Volume 9 · Issue 5 · December 2022Identity and Language of Education in the Kurdistan Region
Azad Aziz Sleman
This research is intended to shed light on the problems of the Kurdish language in the Kurdistan Region, especially in the field of education and higher education. This is because we assume that in modern life, there is a great risk which threatens our cultural identity in the light of globalization that tries to weaken our natural identity and impose a unipolar cultural dominance of the English language. If in the past the responsibility lies with the enemies of the Kurdish people in crackling down on the kurdish language in the stages of the occupation, the responsibility now lies with the officials of the Kurdistan regional Government (from the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education). Because they do not have a policy and plan related to the language, and do not put an end to the disregard of the Kurdish language and the violation of the state law and constitution. In this regard, we have tried to present different views on the language of education in the centers of education and its effects on the linguistic identity of the individual and Kurdish society. In addition, schools and education centers were classified according to languages. Finally, the importance and status of language in the process of education were analyzed in order to reach conclusions on the formulation of a current plan of the Kurdish language in the education process.