Second Language
5 articles filed under this keyword.
Loss of the Native Language Role of the Mother Tongue
Salam Raheem Rashid
Loss of the Native Language Role of the Mother Tongue: The Threat of the Second Language (English) to Overtake the First Language (Kurdish) is the title of my thesis. The rationale behind this title is to account for the influence English has on Kurdish in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Today in most of the private schools of KRI, the language of instruction is English. Including nursery, kindergarten, primary and secondary stages, this has not only made English the formal instruction language, but also the main language of communication among the students studying at these schools. The explanation the school administrators provide to justify this shift is not convincing. The resent work consists of two chapters. The first chapter, titled Failure of Learning English Effectively in the public Schools, is dedicated to the methods of Second Language learning through school curriculums. We argue that these methods of have not been given the required importance in the public schools. The second chapter, Loss of the Native Language Role of the Mother Tongue, is a theoretical account of the threats English is losing on Kurdish in KRI through the curricula the private and exemplary schools are using.
Volume 12 · Issue 4 · August 2025Educational Bilingualism and Language attrition
Hazha Chicho Mohammed Amin, Sherzad Saheed Sedeeq
In recent years, a large number of English-language schools have been allowed to be established by the Ministry of Education, and the number is increasing year by year. Though the establishment of such schools was originally meant to be for bilingual education, but teaching of Kurdish in these schools has faced big problems, because Kurdish lessons are not given enough attention and least weekly lessons have been allocated for Kurdish. The researcher aims to show that the language of instruction in schools can have a significant impact on the mother tongue. This shows the role of schools in preserving and reviving Kurdish language. Moreover, the researcher aims to show the differences of Kurdish language attrition between students who study in English and those who study in Kurdish, which is shown by comparing them. The data and the tools used in the study are a questionnaire, which consists of four headings and 25 subheadings. Quantitative method was used to collect the data. After distributing the questionnaire form to the research community and answering the questions of the questionnaire by the participants and receiving the answers, the obtained data were analyzed using each of the statistical rules of Regression and One Way ANOVA. The researcher concluded that schools as non-linguistic basis accounted for 44.6% of mother tongue attrition among the students in the study sample. This is a very high and effective rate. This proves that such schools have not created a balanced language environment for students. This is why there is a big difference in mother tongue attrition between students attending English-medium schools and those attending Kurdish-medium schools.
Volume 11 · Issue 2 · April 2024Learning the third language and its facilities and difficulties or challenges – the centers of languages in the city of Erbil as an example
Mizgin Abdurahman Ehmed, Hevin kamal Abduljabar
We can learn the first language (mother tongue) and the second language easily and whatever the way is, but learning the third language depends on the situation, the age, time, sex, how you think and whether you want to get a job or any other reasons. Learning the third language may be easy to us or hard, this is quite different from one person to another; some people can acquire it in an easy way and some may not acquire it in an easy way or should try hard to get it, this research is entitled (Learning the third language and its facilities and difficulties or challenges – the centers of languages in the city of Erbil as an example): are attempts to clarify the aspects that may make obstacles to learn the third language. Of course the main problem is the language, and learning the third language is the same as the first and second languages you might face the same obstacles. In this research we try to focus on the motivations that make you learn the third language in the simplest way, or vice versa. This is worth a lot of discussions and exchanging ideas and that led the linguists to be divided into two different groups, each has many evidences to approve that. This matter is clarified and being focused on depending on a referendum held in four centers of languages in the city of Erbil.
Volume 10 · Issue 3 · September 2023Mother tongue and second language learning methods
Sajida Khalid Ahmad, Atif Abdullah Farhadi
The failure of Iran's in the wars against Russia, then the agreement of Gulistan in 1813 and the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828 which caused the increase of Russian authority in Iran, according to that agreement Russia got the right to take a number of privileges ،imposition of border agreement and open some consulates. The Russians were able to act as they wished. Iran's authority didn't matter much in managing their plans and works, they followed complete independence. Any protest by Iranian officials and senior officials politically and militarily, Russia would have tried to resolve it through bribes and promises. The result of all the wars and agreements between them was just a big loss and fine by Iran, A wide area of Iran become part under Russian control. this left an impact on all sides especially the capitalist law after it was implemented in Iran. The arrival of( Alexander Griboyedoff) as Russian ambassador in the era of Fath- Ali Shah and then killing the ambassador are clear evidence of Russia's illegal interference in the affairs of that country. Russia was always trying to expand its powers in Iran against its rivals especially Britain. For this reason, whenever getting any privileges by Britain in the same way Russia was trying to get the same privileges. The conflict between Russia and Britain in Iran and their attempts to establish power and more getting their interests were the direct reason for their strengthening and interfering in iran's internal and external affairs.
Volume 7 · Issue 3 · August 2020The use of etymology method of learning second language vocabulary
Muhammed Majeed Saeed, Bakhan Sarhad Abdulrahman
This research is entitled (Using Etymology to Teach Second Language Words). It consists of an introduction and two main parts and conclusions. Overall, this research is about the method of etymology, how it plays an important role in teaching and learning second language words while learning the language in such a way that the word's origin helps the learner to understand the verbal meaning sooner. And to guess the meaning of those words have the same roots. In this study, more of the English word was used, as many English words are available in the root language.. Finally, the results of this study are discussed.