The Exchange of Gifts between the Mamluk Rulers and the Islamic Forces

Abstract

In the second half of the seventh century of the Islamic calendar and the second half of the thirteenth century AD, the political relationship between the Mamluk state in Egypt and Levant and the Islamic leaders in the area was significantly improved. Such relationships, known as ‘Diplomatic relationships’, were established through the exchange of delegations and letters as well as signing memorandums of understanding, which in effect directly influenced political and military decisions. The Mamluk rulers paid special attentions to their gifts which were an integral part of their diplomatic ties; valuable gifts affected important political aspects, The value and significance of the Mamluk state's gifts had an impact on several important political aspects, such as the annual renewal of the Kaaba's covering by the sultans. This was intended to solidify and legitimize Mamluk authority over the entire Islamic world as the primary representative of Muslims. On the other hand, it served to strengthen diplomatic relations with neighbouring regions, resolve conflicts between states and political forces, and endeavour to establish security and safety among the parts of the Islamic state. This was to ensure that Muslims could conduct their economic transactions. They also sought to demonstrate their power and prestige through the sending of valuable and rare gifts, such as jewelry, gold, cosmetic items, and precious stones, which was a suitable way to showcase the power and wealth of the Mamluk state.