Volume 7
Issue 1
- Published
- 29 January 2020
- Articles
- 30 articles
- Access
- Open Access
Table of Contents
-
01
Social Science Original Research pp. 1-13
Structural Equation Modeling for the Effect of Main Factors on Abortion Issue
Aras Jalal Mhamad, Renas Abubaker Ahmed
Based on medical exchange and medical information processing theories with statistical tools, our study proposes and tests a research model that investigates main factors behind abortion issue. Data were collected from the survey of Maternity hospital in Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Iraq. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is a powerful technique as it estimates the causal relationship between more than one dependent variable and many independent variables, which is ability to incorporate quantitative and qualitative data, and it shows how all latent variables are related to each other. The dependent latent variable in SEM which have one-way arrows pointing to them is called endogenous variable while others are exogenous variables. The structural equation modeling results reveal is underlying mechanism through which statistical tools, as relationship between factors; previous disease information, food and drug information, patient address, mother’s information, abortion information, which are caused abortion problem. Simply stated, the empirical data support the study hypothesis and the research model we have proposed is viable. The data of the study were obtained from a survey of Maternity hospital in Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Iraq, which is in close contact with patients for long periods, and it is number one area for pregnant women to obtain information about the abortion issue. The results shows arrangement about factors effectiveness as mentioned at section five of the study. This gives the conclusion that abortion problem must be more concern than the other pregnancy problem.
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02
Social Science Original Research pp. 14-23
A Feminist Reading of Anderson's Speak
Arsto Nasir Ahmed, Rebwar Zainalddin Mohammed
Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak (1999) is her first landmark work addressing a social problem—rape—that is all too common to girls entering adolescence in the United States. This paper employs a feminist approach that presents the painful narrative of the rape victim and investigates the novel’s promotion of individual, resistant action within the oppressive social structure, achieved through what the postmodernist feminist Judith Butler calls “gender performativity”. It is this individual agency or subjectivity that enables the protagonist in Speak to overcome the adverse effects of rape, which is the product of a patriarchal system that regards females the second sex, to borrow the term by the French, feminist thinker Simone de Beauvoir. As such, Speak functions as a site of discursive resistance against such a patriarchal system by resisting some of the popularly held myths that discredit rape victims' narratives.
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03
Social Science Original Research pp. 24-37
Similarities and Differences between the Demonstratives in Kurdish and English
Rezhna Maarwf Husein, Shler Mohammed Ali
This study explores the English and Central Kurdish[1] demonstratives as deictic expressions by stating their morphological, syntactical and semantic properties. As a result, the similar and different linguistic properties of the demonstratives of the two languages are pointed out. The outcome of the study may provide more elucidation to linguistics in general. Additionally, it may give clearer vision to language pedagogy and translation.
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04
Social Science Original Research pp. 38-48
Understanding Violence in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities
Mohammed Rasul Murad Akoi
This paper, Understanding Violence in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, deals with violence in its various forms in Charles Dickens’ novel, A Tale of Two Cities. The novel recounts the French Revolution of 1789. In the novel, Dickens portrays a terrifying scene of blood and brutality. Violence appears in different forms. Critics have paid attention to Charles Dickens’ own fear of a similar revolution in England. The paper attempts to find the substance of that fear. The paper will discuss the three forms of violence in Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities; namely, violence as an inherent part of the French Revolution; violence committed by the crowds or mobs, and the evil that rises and grows as the Revolution continues. It will be argued that Dickens’ depiction of the crowd and mob behavior in A Tale of Two Cities captures the potential which is in the mentality of any crowd to grow violent. That is, a seemingly innocent start could lead to evil. A socio-psychological approach will also be consulted to analyze violence in the novel; violence as part of the revolution; violence committed by the mobs, and finally how the revolutionary masses turn evil.
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05
Social Science Original Research pp. 49-57
Assessment of the burden of caregiving among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder attending Child Autism Center in Sulaimani city
Bakhtyiar Mohammed Abdulla, Salwa Shakir Al Kurwi
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that parent’s caregivers of a child affected with autism spectrum disorder experience high rate of anxiety, stress and poorer overall well-being. Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disability that includes deficits in social, communication and repetitive behaviors. Objective: To assess the type and severity levels of caregiving burden as perceived by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A quantitative descriptive design is used in this study. A non-probability, purposive sample size of (40) parents (24mothers and 16fathers) assuming the role of caregivers of (40) children with autism spectrum disorder attending Sulaimani Autistic Center. A questionnaire was developed including the Montgomery family caregivers burden scale to measure parent’s burden. An intervention method was used to collect data from parent’s participants. The statistical analysis was performed by statistical package of social science spss-22. Results: The children with autism spectrum disorder mostly male, mean age 7.5 years and first child ranking in the family. The mother caregivers mostly housewife and mean age 36.8 years. And father mostly governmental employed and mean age 43.9 years. The parent’s experience high severity level of objective burden (3.37± 1.18) and moderate level of stress burden (2.37± 1.30) and demand burden(2.28± 1.22), no statistically significant difference between total burden scale of caregiving in regard to parents socio-demographic characteristics (P˃0.05 Conclusion: The parent’s caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder experiencing high severity level of objective burden of caregiving was mainly related to decrease time for their personal and social life, and moderate level of subjective stress burden was related to anxiety, worry and nervousness.
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06
Social Science Original Research pp. 58-79
Seroprevalence of Human, Sheep and Goat brucellosis in Raparin District
Rzgar Qadir Pirot, Adel Kamal khdir
Brucellosis is a worldwide disease caused by an infectious bacterial disease called Brucella, it has some species in genera. Prevalence of the brucellosis in many area of the world particularly in some Mediterranean and Middle East countries. A total 494 sera samples were collected from 36 herds in Raparin district including 113 human sera (herder), 199 sheep and 182 goat sera sample.Using three serological such as Rosbengal test (RBT), 2-Mercaptoethanol test (2ME) and Enzyme linked immune sorbent Assay (ELISA) detect the prevalence of brucellosis in the district according to animal species, gender, vet office area and age group with a comparison between serological tests which was used in this study during august 2017 till jun 2018 . All samples collected from adults of both sexes from different seven geographical areas in Raparin district. The total prevalence of brucellosis was 26.3% this value varied according to ifferent areas. The highest in Sangasar and Bngrd was 37.3%, and 35.3% while the lowest in Rnia and Zharawa was 13.2%, and 16.9% respectively, using the Rose-bengal test as a screening test to identify the prevalence of the disease. The total prevalence was varied according to the animal species, gender and age group. The study revealed that the prevalence of the disease varied according to the used type of the serological tests. RBT recorded the highest 26.3% then the 2-Mercapto-ethanol test recorded (14.4%) and ELISA recorded (12.4%), When comparing the positive results of ELISA and other serological tests the results reveals significant (P<0.05) difference between ELISA and other serological tests.
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07
Social Science Original Research pp. 80-94
Gender Differences in the Speech Events of Kurdistan Parliament
Dlvin Abdullah Sadiq, Salam Nihma Hakeem
This study tackles the differences between male and female MPs’ language in Kurdistan Parliament and the reasons behind such differences. The study investigates the extent and the type of gender differences between male and female MPs in Kurdistan and how these differences may lead to misunderstandings while debating. . In addition, the study highlights the MPs’ perspective on gender stereotypes and how such perspectives may affect their interactions. A quantitative method has been used to analyze the data of the study. First, an ethnographic description of Kurdistan Parliament according to Hymes's speaking framework was given, focusing on the setting, the participants and the act sequence. Second, a questionnaire was prepared as the data collection tool of the study. Based on the analysis of the collected data, it was found out that both male and female MPs strongly agreed that gender differences in language use could lead to misunderstandings. Moreover, MPs confirmed that the Kurdish society is patriarchal, and this leads to male dominance in most of the social interactions including parliamentary debates.
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08
Social Science Original Research pp. 95-110
Economic Evaluation of Smaguli dam under the light of Geographic Factors
Aso Swar Namiq, Karwan Sabah Hewrami
Dam especially small dams have enormous impact on socio-economic aspects. Kurdistan region of Iraq has a plan to construct many dams for socio-economic purposes. There are different ideas about the impact of small dams; this work takes Smaquli Dam as an example to evaluate changes after completion of the dam in the Smaquli Village. In this paper, questioner and interview with compression and analyzing methods were used to obtain clear vision about the study area. The main question in this paper is that, what are the main Economic-Geographic changes in the study area after completion of the dam? The paper gives information about, the study area, and the main changes that existed after construction of the dam. The paper has found that, because of the dam the area has enough amount of water to produce 1,134 Ton of Corn (Maize), the population size in this area increased by 14%, tourism sector flourished by more than 17000%, the price of land rose by 200%
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09
Social Science Original Research pp. 111-127
Sensory Connotations of the formula (Afeal) in the holy Quran
Ibrahim Abdulrahman Mohammad, Muhiadeen Mohammad Saeed
This study aims at investigating the Quranic words which are formed using the metrical unit "Formula afeal function on Sensual meanings”. It is well-known that understanding semantics in Quran is based upon understanding the connotation of its lexical items in addition to the structures used in it. The current study also enriches the Quranic and linguistic studies. The significance of this study lies in the fact that it locates the words which are formed using the metrical unit "Formula 'afeal" then reveals the semantic and morphological meanings of this group of words. It also sheds light on some linguistic phenomena that are usually related to such kind of studies. The study throws light on the role of context in determining the semantic meaning, regarding attentively both synonymy and polysemy and referring to some examples of collocation.
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10
Social Science Original Research pp. 128-141
"Aesthetics of Contrast in Al-Rafei's book Wahi Al-Qalam"
Star Mustafa Faqe Muhammed
Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafei is one of the renaissance writers and a famous essay writer who defends his poor people with his essays. This paper (Systematic Contradiction in Al-Rafei Essays) is a study of Al-Rafei’s book Wahi Al-Qalam which consists of three chapters with more than a thousand pages. It demonstrates his ingenuity of using systematic contradiction along with his artistic ability in adapting intellectual heritage and language in his essays, as well as showing a vast knowledge in his mother language and his people’s heritage which make him to be creative rhetorically through adding some aesthetics and rhythm to his texts for grabbing reader’s attention and making them aware of the author’s intentions. This study consists of an introduction and three chapters, while the introduction is about arrangement and contradiction. The first chapter studies contrast (Complementary and multiple antonym) and negative statements. Second chapter is dealing with contradiction in which two or more combined words are opposite to another two or combined more words while the individual words are opposite too, and it demonstrates both aspects, complementary and contextual. The third chapter studies another type which scientists and pioneers have not tried, and that can be called textual opposites that go beyond lexical, phrases, or clauses to focus on text to text contradiction throughout its conflicts and contradiction of characters. And finally, the study is provided with an abstract in both Kurdish and English languages along with the reference list.
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11
Social Science Original Research pp. 142-180
Requirements for the possibility of applying international accounting standards on financial instruments-an applied study in the national bank of Baghdad
Dilan Abdullah Mohammed, Basira Majeed Najm
The reality today proves that growth and success have become the share of financial markets that have learned how to read the road map and achieve leadership by investing in the so-called derivatives, where the center of gravity in financial markets has shifted from relying on simple financial instruments to relying on Great for innovation and creativity to create innovative financial products that cover the needs of investors. The issue of derivatives has become an important place in global markets. The importance of this study is illustrated by the nature of the accounting treatment of these instruments and how they are disclosed in the annual financial statements of companies and banks dealing with them according to the international accounting standard No. (32) and how to recognize and measure the financial instruments, and disclose them according to the International Accounting Standard No. (7-9), in order to clarify the nature of the analysis required to determine the correct accounting processing when using these instruments, as the financial statements published by the dealers of financial instruments and provided to end users must include sufficient information about them with To clarify the risks for which the transactions were carried out, the extent to which such information is covered (is it for hedging purposes or for trading purposes), the degree of risk and how to account for it, and through this process has been concluded among the most important risks to which the bank is exposed is the risk of changing interest rates, given that the net Interest income constitutes a large percentage of the bank's returns, the interest rate risk is particularly important, as the case of high interest rates creates for banks the risk of paying higher rates on deposits for the future and other bank demands compared to what they get from their glory, and the situation is quite the opposite when the Shame interest. The study recommends that the bank dealing in derivative financial instruments distinguish between the profitability of trading in these and other investment instruments, and for the instruments used for the purposes of hedging the risk of interest rates, as well as the bank to clarify the accounting methods used The bank must disclose the fair value of both hedge stake and hedge funds.
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12
Social Science Original Research pp. 181-198
The idea of public constitutional order and the a constitutional judge in protecting it
Sardar Mala Aziz
This paper focuses on the notion that constitutional rules are not all equal in terms of the values they express; some even are of great value compared to other rules. Moreover, there is a kind of substantive hierarchy among constitutional rules. So that the rules relating to the type of governance system in the state and its political, economic, and social philosophy, as well as rules related to fundamental rights and freedoms which they have a higher value compare to other constitutional rules, which encouraged the constitutional legislator while creating the constitution to stipulate that it is not possible to amend the constitutional provisions of a higher value. Consequently, the competent authority to amend the constitution needs to respect these rules and avoid taking any action that would jeopardize these constitutional rules and undermine the wisdom of their existence. Since they are considered as peremptory constitutional rules and thus constitute a true reflection of the idea of public constitutional order. In addition to these legislative protections, these peremptory constitutional rules enjoy judicial protection by the constitutional Judges, who reviews the constitutionality of constitutional amendment laws, and also what is practiced of functions through special constitutional complaint called " Lawsuit to guarantee rights " which is intended to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals against all who tends to jeopardize and misuse it.
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13
Social Science Original Research pp. 199-222
The Manifestations of open space in the novels of Sinan Antoon
Sarkawt Gwril Ibrahim, Dhiya Abduirazaq Ayub
This study deals with an important topic in the narrative representations of the place through the narrative text. This topic is the significance of the open space in the novels of the Iraqi writer Sinan Antoon who published two collections of poetry: ‘A Prism saturated with War’ and ‘One night for All Cities’; and four novels: ‘I’Jaam’, ‘Alone is a Pomegranate Tree’,’ Fahrs’ and ‘Ya Maryam’. The latter was nominated for the Arab Poker Prize and was among the final short list in 2012. The research is divided into six sections; each section is dedicated for a selected type of open space such as: streets, pubs and bars, worship place, stadiums, university, and some other open places. The study opens with an introduction about the place in general and the open space in specific. The open space is an extension for the natural space with some changes made by man and his needs. This space has a special importance for the individual and his feelings because it forms a sort of belonging, sometimes man can express himself through the places he visits. It can be noticed that open spaces do not differ from closed one in terms of the symbolic value and their representations in the four novels. Despite the fact that these places are familiar and intimate to people, most of them are disappointing as they contain elements of loss and failure. On the other hand, these places can be seen in a positive way because of their nature such as being free and accessible spaces which attempt to look at the changes that took place in the society as well as the social relations and their interactions with place.
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14
Social Science Original Research pp. 223-254
The impact of the Algiers Agreement on the Kurdish liberation movement
Aras Hasan Abdulqadir, Shakhawan Khdir Rasul, Himdad Majeed Ali
The 1975 Algiers Agreement is a political and legal agreement signed between Iraq and Iran to end the chronic border problems between them after the abolition of the Saadabad Agreement of 1937 from the Iranian side unilaterally on 19/4/1969 and the demarcation of the border between the two neighboring countries. In the waters of the Shatt al-Arab in favor of Iran in return for non-support of the Tehran government of the Kurdish liberation movement in Iraq, has already collapsed this movement as a result of a mysterious international and regional deal, Moreover, this agreement has met the historical demands of Shahnashah Iran to extend its sovereignty over the Gulf And the region, in addition to strengthening the American influence of this region to counter the influence of the Soviet Union, as the signing of this agreement as a result of manipulation of the paper by the American and Iranian interests and joint scheme in the Gulf, the Algiers agreement is a mysterious political and legal deal at the expense of Iraqi territory and at the expense of Kurdish liberation movement in Iraq to end The long-standing problems between Iraq and Iran, and therefore be replaced by this illegal agreement is not in place and the Iraqi and Iranian borders have become clear and final. The United States and Iran Israel has used the movement Kurdish liberation as a bargaining policy against the Soviet Union for the Gulf region, and vice versa Kurdish liberation movement has benefited these financial aid and internal and international Tazizmkantha.
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15
Social Science Original Research pp. 255-267
Associating some words with each other in the Quranic expression
Hashm Mohammed Mustafa
An eloquent speaker has conspicuous competence for transferring the intended meaning to the listener and influencing him through the manipulation of the most well-formed expression and the best well-organized structures. The higher the status the speakers possesses in rhetoric the better he conveys the message and the more effectively influences the listener. The beholder of the Holy Koran considers how through its greatest arrangement the meanings are conveyed to the listener through a good style that does amount to the level of miracle and challenge. Among the different styles of meaning conveyance in Koranic structure was the style of association. This research is an attempt to declare and explain any two utterances (which are closely connected) repeated several times, and certainly such a repetition and insistence on the accuracy of the meaning, must give a fruitful result in the heart of the one who scrutinizes the Holy Koran. The matter of association of words in Koranic style and the relationship with the connection of the facts that these words express and nominate. Let’s see how association is an absolute reflection of the close connection of the nominated and described matters with the words. As such, the holy Koran is an absolute description of the reality of matters. We will, through this research, try to explain some of the Koranic examples that confirm such facts. Not for the sake of counting, but in order to approve this Koranic fact. The number of the words is six which are sorted alphabetically.
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16
Social Science Original Research pp. 268-288
The impact of the new media on public relations in the public administration in Kurdistan Region
Dlan Ismail Mawlud, Hoshyar Mozafar Ali
The development of technology, information technology and various means of communication have a significant impact on public relations activity; especially in government institutions. Many government institutions have invested these means in their management system, in order to facilitate the goals of the institution, and ultimately the interaction between the internal and external public. In this theoretical research, I tried to explain the impact of the new media on public relations in the public administration, based on the views of specialists. The aim of the research is to know the use of the new media of public relations and how in the system of public administration, as well as, Explaining the role it plays in public relations activities of government institutions. Add to this, analyzing the way of how new media and public relations participate in the birth of e-government. In the results, it is clear that the new media has facilitated public relations between the public and other institutions, as it strengthened relations between them
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17
Social Science Original Research pp. 289-307
The impact of leftist on political movement of Eastern Kurdistan: JK (1942-1945)
Ismael Abdalrahman Sahe
Leftism ideology came to Kurdistan through different ways like; social democracy movement, Iranian Communist Party, Iranian Tuddeh Party and invasion of Kurdistan by the red army and the support of the Soviet Union for the Kurdistan Republic. Since the leftism idea promoted justice and equality and removal of all kinds of oppression, it was attractive to the Kurdish intellectuals and so they welcomed it: the Kurdistan Revival association as the first nationalist party of Kurdistan (1942). In spite of this, it was a national-religious party, but the effect of left thoughts was clear. In that order they were against to the feudalism system as an socioeconomic regime of Kurdistan, and they tried to destroy tribal system in Kurdistan and at the same time they supported grubber class and specially farmer class. Kurdistan Revival Association to reach its main goal meaning creating a Kurdish Independent Government, was looking for foreign support, hence, its relations with the Soviet Union were very friendly and; even in its declarations, there are sympathize for socioeconomic system of Soviet Union.
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18
Social Science Original Research pp. 308-334
Criticism of Historicism by Karl Popper
Badinan Mohammed Rasool, Hassan Husen Sdiq, Jamal Fathulla Taib
Karl Raimund Popper is one of the influential and prominent philosophers in the 20th century, who had a crucial role in the natural and social sciences. Whatever he discussed was the subject to study and engaged many researchers and intellectuals in it. This thesis is another paper which shows an effective and a wide range of Popper's philosophy field. Popper`s criticism of Historicism is one of his characteristics that he is known for. In addition, it can be said that his two books entitled the (The poverty of Historicism, and The Open Society and It`s Enemies) have been dedicated to this purpose. In this thesis (Criticism of Historicism by Karl Popper), the focus is on Popper`s criticism of Historicism and it attempts to display his perspective on this issue objectively.
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19
Social Science Original Research pp. 335-356
Glottal Stop in Kurdish Language
Rebin Khalid Khdir, Talib Hussen Ali
This research is titled (Glottal Stop in Kurdish Language). The scope of the research is the Middle Kirmanji Dialect; hence, the data and examples are analyzed according to the method of (Descriptive Synchronic – Analytical). The aim of this research is a deeper academic analysis to present and prove the degree and the level of phonemity of glottal stop in Kurdish language. This research tries to describe newly the place of articulation, manner of articulation and voicing of the glottal stop in Kurdish language. This research also tries to present the place and use of this sound in dictionaries. Problems regarding the phonemity of this sound as well as the characteristics and conditions that a phoneme needs to have to be a phoneme are explained. Additionally, the factors that have led to the existence of various views among Kurdish experts and linguists toward this sound are discussed. Hence, the body of this research is trying to answer all the questions related to glottal stop and its behavior and state in the Kurdish language. Findings of this research are presented at the ends with the results.
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20
Social Science Original Research pp. 357-378
The Level of Teachers ’interest in Consumer Awareness of Kindergarten Children from The Teachers’ point of view
Omer Ali Ahmed, Mhamad Aziz Saeid
The research aims to reveal the level of consumer awareness among kindergarten teachers according to gender or certificate, to show the level of interest of teachers in consumer awareness in kindergarten, by answering the main question of research on the tasks and the impact of kindergarten teacher on raising the level of consumer awareness in children. Kindergartens: with a number of proposals through the search result. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method, the research community consists of (12) kindergartens working in the government sector, the sample of the research was chosen by simple random method, and consists of (110) of kindergarten teachers (13) of them male, and (97) female. For the purpose of collecting information, the researcher has prepared a questionnaire consisting of (27) paragraphs all prepared by the researcher himself. The researcher also benefited from the SPSS package and reached the following results: - The level of consumer awareness among kindergarten teachers at a low level. - There is no statistically significant relationship between educational attainment and consumer awareness. - There is a statistically significant relationship between sex and consumer awareness, and the effect was good female sex. The level of consumer awareness of the life needs and requirements of teachers at a high level.
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21
Social Science Original Research pp. 379-418
The efficiencies of teaching process in the faculty member of Koya University according to some changes
Badrkhan Mustafa Ibrahim
University conceders the most important institution in the process of making human forces for any society. One of the any university is whether the faculty members updating their efficiencies in the process of teaching and tutorial application of them. The aims of this research are to the capacity of teaching among university lecturers in general and according to specialization, gender and scientific title. For this purpose, deceptive method has been used among (80) university lecturer in Koya University for the academic year 2018-2019. The researcher designed a questioner of 62 items of choosing, yes and no which have specific answers. The results showed that the efficiencies of the teachers and the value of (t) were more than the table-(t) value, which means that the teachers care more about their efficiencies. Concerning of the changing relation of demographical gender, the study showed the differences between the male and female values (264-33) more than the average value of the male (247-33), which means that the female teachers care more about their efficiencies than the male teachers. Concerning the Faculties of sciences and the Faculties of humanities, the experiment of (Anova) showed no differences between the both values. Based on the results of the study, conducting more research among different and larger sample is recommended. In addition, the students and lecturers should give them an opportunity in the processes of teaching. Finally, the ministry of higher education and scientific research may take advantage from this kind of scientific research.
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22
Social Science Original Research pp. 419-437
Study achievement motivations among students in the college of Basic Education, University of Raparin
Sivan Omar Ismael
A brief About the Research Motivation of Gaining is an important and effective reason for Directing individual's behavior and activation of understanding and feeling for the situations. In addition for helping individual's for Understanding and explaining of individual's behavior and others around him/her. In another way Motivation of Gaining is the main thing For everyone's Attempting for Directing in doing things according to the individual's behavior. Because Individual himself /herself attention and feeling about himself/herself by the things he/ she trying to do in life. This research is a great attempt to know the Average of Motivation of Gaining accounting to the students at College of education at Raparin University Generally, and it is a great Way to know Level of Motivations Of Gaining according to the Students of primary College of education. According to the The ones (Gene, Level) This research consists of Four Parts. The first part is about giving information the Main purpose of the research. The second part is about the theory of the research. The third part is about the core of the research. The last and the fourth part is about explaining The results and show them with the Solutions. The Researcher is used the theory of Description. The society of the research includes the most students of primary College of education /University of Raparin. An example of the research includes about (100) students hierarchy from the students at this college from the First stage to the Fourth stage students. The Main things that used in this research is level of thinking according to the motivation of Gaining. (1979 knani) The main things that are used are the core of the counting and results of the Alpha crombagh. The most important results of this research that have gotten are shown that the Motivation of the Gaining is so Low according to the example of the research. But there is no differentiate between the Genders. An in the end The solution and suggestions are shown.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 438-460
Topography and Geomorphological units impact on the Saidsadiq town expansion ,by Using Geographical information System
Omed Hamabaqi Hama ameen, Kawa Jabar Rahman
The main goal of this investigation is to indicate the influnce of Topographic and Geomorphogical Unit on expansion of Saidsadiq town from (1965 to 2019 ) , and analyse the influnce of the slope and landform upon the directive expansion of the town , with signifying the factors of expansion the town towards the directions dependens on the map of expension with satellite images which have been recieved from (NASA-G DEM VERSION) on (USGS) site with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by resolution (30 m) on the reaserch area . finally the investigation concludes a set of conclusions and results including the land form limited and restricted the directions of expansions of the town and The City taken the shape of Star ,expandin most of the towns area on the sediment pedimont due to easiness of building houses and connection services upon it.
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24
Social Science Original Research pp. 461-480
Nali’s Kurdish poetic rhymes
Yadgar Rasool Hamad Ameen
This research is a descriptive and analyzation to Nali’s rhymes under the title “Nali’s Kurdish poetic rhymes”. It is an attempt to exhibit how Nali used rhymes in terms of sounds and words. This research comprises of two sections along with a prelude. In the prelude section, we shed light on terminology and concepts of rhymes in Nali’s poems. We have also elaborated on Ghazal, Qasida, Mustazad and Tak. In the first section, we have explained Nali’s rhymes in details along with forms of Rawi, before and after Rawi. In the second section, Nali’s poems have been analysed on the levels of words and in terms of Radif and Hajib. In the end, we have set a number of examples to arrive on conclusion to this research.
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25
Social Science Original Research pp. 481-509
The central issue in the reason and personality of Ahmadi Khani on the base of Abraham Maslow’s Theory
Jihad Shukri Rashid
Abraham Harlod Maslow (1908-1970) was one of the pioneers of human beings in the field of psychology, who had a lot of theories on this topic. His opinion was; human being has the ability of making his needs tangible in the real life and progress them step by step. Khani in the border of Kurdish literature wrote about Maslow’s theory and it could be evaluated. The writer of this research tries to evaluate Maslow’s theory in Khanis writing and at the same time presents Khani’s personality and characteristic to the reader by using the analytical-comparative method, because Khani had a big role in this area since he used his needs on the behalf of his nation now and in the future.
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26
Social Science Original Research pp. 510-544
The Development of a street network in the city of Sulaimani
Bayan Ali Hussain, Shad Hameed Mohammed
streets are one of the most important ways of using ground in cities because it's away to connect living areas and delivering the best service possible and doing numerous activities that are done in the cities because of that street need to be built only using the best materials and the best qualities to be the most useful for citizens and people of the cities so the roads need to suit the growth and expansion of the cities and they're so in this research we talk about the steps of building and growing streets However we try to create street in all municipal ideally they elastic with circumstance economic , political ,population.
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27
Social Science Original Research pp. 545-555
Prevalence of Dental Midline Shifting in a Sample of Orthodontic Patients in Erbil City
Deman Hasan Hamid, Tara Saleem Hamad, Asma Qasim Rahman, Rebin Ali Mohammed ameen
Aim of the study: the study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental midline shifting in a group of orthodontic patients. Methodology: The study was conducted on 506 orthodontic patients (183 boys and 323 girls), between13-40 years old, who came to orthodontic department, college of dentistry. The data collected from orthodontic records were analyzed according to the gender, type of dentition and Angle Classes of malocclusion. Dental Midline shifting was observed on patient with respect to patient’s facial midline. SPSS version 20.0 for windows was used for data analyses using Chi-square Pearson tests and Fischer exact tests. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Around half of the total orthodontic patients had dental midline shifting (49.41 %) which was greater in the maxilla (25.89%) than the mandible (23.52%) slightly. The prevalence of dental midline shifting was more in girls (30.2%), with permanent dentition (48.02%) and with Class I (26.28%) and Class II (18.18) malocclusion. Conclusions: The prevalence of maxillary-mandibular dental midlines was seen in around half of orthodontic patients only. Class I patients were found to have maximum dental midline shift.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 556-562
John Goodwin's Cretensis: A Response to Gangraena.
Araz Mohammed Ismail
Seventeenth-century scholars have lately argued that if there was one thing to be revolutionized by the political disturbance in the early decades of the century, it was reading. The political instability caused by the battle between the king and the Parliament undeniably, and effectively influenced people's lives, but people were also indirectly and intellectually experiencing those occurrences through reading about them (Anderson and Sauer 217). Jesse Lander also notes a ''consequential intersection between religious controversy and print technology in early modern England'' (1). Printed polemical exchange then becomes one of the most distinctive features of the era, as instantiated by the puritan Thomas Edwards's 1646 Gangraena and the immediate responses it attracted. This paper investigates the publishing, and reading culture of seventeen century Britain by examining how the Independent John Goodwin-Edwards's Cretensis responds to Gangraena, contextually analyzing some of the strategies he applies, while at the same time probing the immediate context. The report concludes with a brief account in which it is stated how the response in question helps illuminating the nature of polemical print controversy in early modern England.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 563-574
Formularization of the East Simulacrum in the Poetic Consonance of Walter De La Mare
Hazhar Ramadhan Ahmed
The desideratum of this paper is to pageant of the formularization of the East simulacrum in the poetic consonance of Walter De La Mare, De La Mare always been known as a writer of fantasy, imagination world and supernatural fiction in English literature, it is proposed here that he is, in fact concerned with exploration of the conscious and unconscious selves. His inspection is more philosophical than psychological in that he makes no use of Freud formulas. He follows rather the intuitive path of Jung but uses the media of fiction; Display and formulation the simulacrum theme in two sonnets of De La Mare ''Arabia & Listener '' characterize the imagination world of the East. East fantasy for De La Mare is pure and marvelous creation which seemed he merged the fantasy cosmos of the East, even supposing Walter De La Mare wants to involving and remain in the nature of the East not in the West creation by virtue of him in distinction to the West, according to his verses of Walter De La Mare ''Arabia &Listeners '' there is no ambiguity that nature in the East more applicable for live than nature in the West.
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30
Social Science Original Research pp. 575-592
The Rhetorical study of the longest Quranic verse
Abdullatif Ahmed Mustafa
This paper is a rhetorical study of a single verse of the Qur’an. Which is the verse of debts. It is the longest verse of the Qura'n. It contains many splendid rules and great values. that this verse is one of the most Comprehensive verses of the Qur’an. It makes the life of people more organised and ensures a good destiny in the hereafter. Allah exalted has emphasised good treatment which is the main aspect of Islam and its pillar. He overstated the recommendation to maintain halal money and the methods which need to be taken to keep it safe from being destroyed. Therefore, it includes forms of assertions. The paper shows that this verse contains more than twenty rhetorical methods as follows: 1. In intents and purposes for which the predicate is delivered, one example is included. 2. In how the speaker delivers the predicate to the addressee it included six examples. 3. In construction and its divisions it has more than ten examples. 4. It includes six examples of Commemoration. 5. It Includes nine examples of deletion. 6. It Includes one example of fronting. 7. It includes one example of masquerade 8. It Includes one example of restriction. 9. It Includes few examples of changing the topic. 10. It Includes one example of replacing the implicit with the explicit. 11. It Includes five examples of brevity. 12. It Includes few examples of redundancy. 13. It Includes one example of simile. 14. It Includes two examples of allegory. 15. It Includes one example of metaphor. 16. It Includes one example of Metonymy. 17. It Includes two examples of antithesis. 18. It Includes one example of combining two things onwards in one thing. 19. It Includes one example of good conclusion. 20. It Includes one example of rhymed proses. 21. It Includes six examples of paronomasia. All these rhetorical aspects indicate the inimitability of the Quran and it is from Allah which no other speeches can be equal to it due to its altitude, perfection and beauty.
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