Volume 9
Issue 1 · Journal of University of Raparin (Special Issue)
- Published
- 20 March 2022
- Articles
- 4 articles
- Access
- Open Access
Table of Contents
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01
Social Science Original Research pp. 1-33
Reflection of 1991 Uprising in Kurdish
Abdulwahid Idrees Shareef
PoetryThe 1991 Uprising in Iraqi Kurdistan is substantially reflected in all aspects of life: social, political, economical and literature. In this study, we discuss the reflection of that uprising in Kurdish poetry. This study is comprised of three chapters. First, in Chapter I, we discuss the concept and definition of uprising in general where we gave examples of uprisings worldwide. In Chapter II, which is further divided into two parts, we discuss two great uprisings took place in Southern Kurdistan. In the first, we discuss the uprising took place in front of Sulaimaniya Serail on September 6th, 1930. In the second, we discuss the 1982 uprising in Qaladze town. Chapter III is divided into three parts. The first part discusses Kurdish poetry before the uprising giving a number of poems as a sample. The second part discusses the history and background of the 1991 uprising. In the third part, we show the reflection of the Uprising in Kurdish poetry supported by several poetic samples. Finally, I mentioned the study conclusions and references.
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02
Social Science Original Research pp. 34-61
Iraq's Economic Situation Between 1988-1991 in Southern Kurdistan
Aras Abdulrahman Mstafa
The economic situation in Iraq between 1988 and 1991 affected the March 1991 uprising in southern Kurdistan، including research that included several important aspects، discussing the economic impact of both the First and Second Gulf Wars، which has caused a major disaster for Iraq's economic infrastructure and the disintegration of Iraq's financial، administrative، military and service institutions، Including the economic crisis، the spread of hunger، poverty، disease، corruption، bribery and many bad subjects that the Iraqi state has suffered from major disasters، all of which have led to the importance of the uprising، this study consists of three parts. In the first part، the impact of the Iraq-Iran war on Iraq's economy is discussed، and in the second part، the war on the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and its consequences is explained. The third part is the effect of decision 661 that the security council imposed on Iraq as an economic blockade that completely destroyed the economic and social life of The people of Iraq and Kurdistan.
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03
Social Science Original Research pp. 62-96
Internal Rhythm of Poetry from Perspective of (Sound Deviation) in the Cotemporary Kurdish Poetry in the (South of Kurdistan- Middle Dialect- Post-Uprising1991-2003
Kamaran Ababakr Khudhur
internal rhythm is considered as a fundamental principle in poetry in general and prose poetry in particular. Therefore، no poem is void of internal rhythm which encompasses sound and its components and consistent with other levels of Language because the most important features of text are (sound) and each sound represents particular rhythm. Thus، causes differences. Internal rhythm does not have specific form but it is rather related to the emotions and inner state of individual which varies according to time and place. Therefore، the critics and stylists’ resort to different elements to determine the internal rhythm of the poetry among them sound words and phrases. Types and places of occurrence at both horizontal and vertical level، other arts such as metaphor، paradox and its forms. In addition to (sound deviations) such as clipping، replacing and adding all these have significant role in creating internal rhythm. Internal rhythm went through a lot of changes before Uprising which was restricted and less free. Due to Uprising، a kind of freedom was achieved which brought about optimism and happiness on the part of Kurdish people. This was an incentive for the poets to ask for the change of the form and content of poetry and break traditional rules in writing poetry. However، this did not last long because sectarian violence occurred in Kurdistan and the poet’s adopted pessimism and despair in their writings. They tried to express this emotion through internal rhythm.
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04
Social Science Original Research pp. 97-137
The Legal Dimensions of the March Events in Southern Kurdistan (1991) in the Light of Constitutional Thought
Ibrhim Salih Qadir AL-Barznji
This research entitled “The Legal Dimensions of March Events (1991) in Southern Kurdistan in the Light of Constitutional Thought” is a legal scholarly article that deals with the events of the (uprising) and (Million Migration) of citizens of Southern Kurdistan, which took place in March 1991. This research relays on Analytical Method to present and analyze the opinions of thinkers and scholars of the constitution for the purpose of determining the correct legal nature of these events. As well as from the standpoint of constitutional thought and legal documents that has a constitutional nature and the perspective of the constitutional founders , the research deals with the issue of the constitutional legitimacy of the phenomenon of revolution and mass uprising, and the researcher has interpreted and analyzed the legal implications of the events of March (1991) in Southern Kurdistan, and in conclusion, the researcher came to the conclusion that: These events, in terms of their nature or legal adaptation, are a “revolution” and have had legal implications for the political and legal system in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. As well as had negative legal effects on the sovereignty of the Iraqi state at that time.
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