Issue 2

Table of Contents

1. 01
   Social Science Original Research pp. 1-30

   The Social Behaviors and Values in the Poetic of (Qani' and his Heart)

   Aram Mohammad Qadir

   The title of this research is ‘the social behaviors and values in the poetic texts of (Qani and his heart)’. The poetic text has become the scope of this investigation; some social behaviors and values have been taken from the content of the text and compared to the sociologists’ views and religious texts. The content of this study works on the highlighting of social behaviors and values and consists of two chapters: the first chapter includes a summary about Qani and his poems; it covers the biography of the poet and detailed explanation of his poems. The second chapter includes some topics under the title of social behaviors and values in the poems of Qani and his heart which are (human socialization, national feeling, the spirit of cooperation among the individuals of society, the behavior of responsibility, social balance, human simplicity, selfishness, and the philosophy of tools and objectives) are discussed and investigated. And finally we have come to the conclusion that Kurdish culture and literature are full of beauty, and can be studied in many different aspects. All the benefited and used references are available.

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2. 02
   Social Science Original Research pp. 31-57

   The Issue of Compatibility Between Philosophy and Religion from Ibn-Rusheds Perspective

   Muslim Hassan Muhamad, Batool Ridha Abbas, Kaifi Abubaker Hamad

   It is true that, from the beginning, philosophy and religion were two separate areas and subjects; each of which interacted with contemporary problems and issues in its own way and worldview. If they were not compatible then, they did not oppose each other. In other words, the connection between religion and philosophy did not become a problem from the beginning. This was because each of them independently worked on their own issues and problems by themselves. However, with the advent of Islam and its opening up to the outside world, it came into conflict with the thinking and philosophy of other nations in the region, especially with Greek thought and philosophy; this also became an important issue and a clear problem for Islamic scholars and philosophers and divided them into two separate factions. One of them was completely hostile to philosophy and rejected any compromise and interaction between Islam and Greek philosophy, considering only religion as the main source of science and knowledge, and outside of religion, they did not accept anything. However, the other faction, most of whom were Islamic philosophers, advocated a compromise between religion and philosophy, seeking to create a kind of compromise and coexistence between them, and to show the fact that there is no incompatibility or opposition between the two. Within this context Ibn Rushd had a clear and important role in this regard. He made great efforts to make everyone aware of the fact that philosophy and religion do not have any incompatibility and conflict between them, and they are able to exist or occur together. To this end, he resorted to a set of important rules such as rational and narrative arguments in order to be able to tell all opponents that they have made a mistake in rejecting and opposing philosophy. He also showed everyone through these rules that philosophy and religion are friends and compatible with each other, that is, philosophy and religion are complementary to each other and they are inherently friends and internally have the same soul.

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3. 03
   Social Science Original Research pp. 58-81

   Investigation of the Hyponym and Meronym Relation Based on the Theory of Semantic Features

   Muhamad Qadr Muhamad Amin, Sherwan Hussein Hamad

   Semantic is an important level of language, in this context, semantic relation within the framework of this level are the main and creators of this branch of language, each of Hyponym And Meronym, as two semantic relations, have taken on a significant role in the dictionary, each of those relations has been investigated from different perspectives. The purpose of this research is to show and investigate those two relations based on feature theory, as an important theory of meaning analysis study, which means that these relations are analyzed through the features. The tittle of our research is (investigation of the hyponym and Meronym relation based on the theory of semantic features) which is goes to the field of symmetric. The method of the research: the method of analysis description used for the research, for analyzing and investigating of the relations. The method hypothesis: this research works on the base of hypothesis, that how and in which way we shows the hyponym and Meronym of a words feature. The material and example of this research: the Kurdish language of The dialect of middle Karmanji is in the. The content of the research: research, beside of the introduction, results and the list of resources, is consist of two parts: the first part: it contains, origin of semantic features and the theory in the analysis of meaning, as well as showing the basis and the form of features and the importance of the theory in analyzing of meanings. Part Two: it is consist of each of the meaning relations of Hyponym and Meronym, as well as the type of each of these relations and analysis and investigation of each of them according to the theories of the semantic features. In the end of the research, the results and the list of resources and the summary of the research have been revealed.

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4. 04
   Social Science Original Research pp. 82-106

   Religion As A Basic Foundation for Writing and Establishing Laws in Old Iraq

   Hassan Qadir Mahamood, Hilmi Rasool Ridha

   This study is entitled “Religion as a basic principle for writing and establishing the laws in ancient Iraq” highlights some recorded laws in ancient Iraq and exposes the impact and reflection of religion on the legal articles, particularly the articles pertaining to the economic, social and political aspects. The study also explores the legal changes affecting the economic, social and political arenas in the different regions of ancient Iraq. The study consists of an introduction and three topics as well as references. The first topic covers the law in its historical stages. Here, the agricultural, commercial, and industrial areas as well as the tax system, are studied. The second topic deals with the social laws such as marriage, family, and inheritance. The third topic explores the impact of the laws on the administrative, political and military system; it also contains the most important findings of the study.

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5. 05
   Social Science Original Research pp. 107-139

   The Situation of Educational system in Pshdar(1958 _ 1989) (Historical Research)

   Dara Tawfeeq Kaka Amin, Mohammad Ahmad Rasul

   One of the most important reasons for communities developing is the educational system. It has a direct impact on all other aspects of life, which is why it is so important for advanced communities, because success in education leads to success in other aspects of living. Pzhadar is an isolated location. It is in the region's order. Many of it residents were illiterate due to the lack of schools in the area, with the exception of few religious educational systems that were served at random. However, after the revolution of July 14, 1958, which changed the country's political system from a monarchy to a republic, education progressed, while much religious schooling was stopped. Pshdar was always an excellent place for partisans. As a result, all Iraqi governments have been an obstacle to the growth of the educational field. Furthermore, until 1989, the sector was growing year after year. This development reduced the number of uneducated people. This progress caused the community to take a step ahead, eliminating the regress of previous years. Even the girls went to schools and stepped into a new world, and as a result, many scholarly and educated people grew up in the area.

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6. 06
   Social Science Original Research pp. 140-155

   Education System Health Condition in the Time of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar(1848-1896)

   Shwana Rasul Abdullah, Qadir Mohammed Mohammed

   This research paper is to portray education system and health condition during Qajar dynasty specifically in the time of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar who ruled from 1848-1896. Regarding to health condition the situation was bad; shortage of medical services, disobeying health instructions, and spread of plague and cholera caused a large number of people to catch serious diseases who eventually died. It is worth to say that if there hadn’t been Western health staff and foreign medical aids, the public health of Qajar society would have been even worse. Referring to education and teaching field during the era of Qajar dynasty was that Iranian society depended on family disciplines to raise and educate their children. Having strong religious beliefs among people was the reason to force their children to enroll at schools of the mosques so that they could receive religious education. It can be said that with the help of some foreign agents and sincere local educators the condition of education system improved after they had introduced Western education methods and provided learning means.

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7. 07
   Social Science Original Research pp. 156-181

   The Moral Duty in Kant´s View (Philosophical Analysis Research)

   Batool Ridha Abbas, Darstan Abdulrahman Hussin

   in the old era, morality was a significant concept in the cognitive of all human beings. For this reason, that made it a debatable principle of morality philosophy. As a result of having different views different schools were appeared. Their values are not the same to differentiate between morality and immorality. This paper sheds light on the Kant´s duty-based ethics. He tried to make a principle of morality based on good duties in himself. He believes, it is impossible to think of anything at all in the world or indeed even beyond it, that could be considered good without limitation except a good will. Pleasure and pain are not two bare rational duties as long as they are related to sensation in nature and they are interrelated with individuals. For this purpose, moral rule cannot be applied to them. Rational is an action that should be away of sensation. It is a human beings duty to do the right action with good intentions without thinking of the consequences. morality rules should be unlimited autonomy of the will is the supreme principle of morality. freedom does not mean breaking rules of law but following law. The rational people can think rationally regarding the principles of moral. Freedom is the basic of ethics that exist in human beings. The fundamental of moral principles are not extrinsic but they are intrinsic. Willingness is autonomous to act from duty is to follow the moral law.

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8. 08
   Social Science Original Research pp. 182-205

   Simko's Political and Military Movements from the Beginning Till the end of World War 1 (1909-1918)

   Kwestan Ahmad Khdir, Hewa Hamed Shareef

   This research is an attempt to concentrate on the Simko’s political and military movements from his initial revealing as a regional leader until the end of the First World War (1918). Simko, the son of Ali Agha, was an indigenous people belonging to the Ps Agha tribes from Abdo Congregation in the Shkak Tribe. After his father was died, he officially has been elected as the leader of Shkak tribes in 1909 due to a having a predominant power of his family and good historical relationship of his ancestors in the region. The aforementioned leader has developed the movement on the basis of the military proficiency and retaliation principle during the preliminary stages and he has been in a continuous conflict with the Iranian authority during that time. Whereas, Iran in general and the Eastern Kurdistan in particular, were passing in the worst and the most deteriorating circumstances due to existence of the western forces in the region and initiating the conditional revolution which had a long and varied history from ideological and political perspective. Moreover, this stage was an important phase for Simko Shkak so as to reveal him and his followers as outstanding revolutionary forces in the region as he could understand from his militants, mitigated the congregational ideology and increased his requirements. Undoubtedly, his authority (Simko Shkak’s Power) has been gradually empowered due to having a cluster of expectation and variation in the initial stages of the movement; however, he had no clear situation and perspective for the Ottoman Empire and the Russian forces during the different stages of the war in the region. According to the historical documents despite of starting as an oppositional forces to the Iranian, Russian and Ottoman Empire, Simko has also faced to conflict with Benjamin Marshamoon, who was an Assyrian leader from Hakary region in 1915 who has been supported by the Russian forces and settled under the Simko’s authoritative districts in the East of Kurdistan. This situation has increased the disagreements of Simko’s forces and had bad consequences on the unity of the Kurdish forces at that time and resulted in the killing of the Benjamin Marshamoon by Simko, and this was led to declining the Kurdish revolution in the East and empowered the Iranian governmental systems.

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9. 09
   Social Science Original Research pp. 206-232

   The Political and Military Relationship Between Zaidi Princedom and Other Persian Princedoms During (250 - 316H / 928 – 864 A.D.)

   Marewan Abdulrazaq Salh, Kamaran Aziz Abdulla

   The Princedom of Tahiri in Khorasan area during Abbasid caliphate followed a strict policy in front of the regions of Tabristan and Jurjan aiming to expand their ruling range in these areas supported by Abbasid caliphate. The Tahiris’ were considered as protectors of regions of western Eslamic Area and were apposing the appearance of any movement against the Abbasid caliphate, but even with that the Shiite Princedom of Zaidi established outside the will of the caliphate and had a main role in the political and military events in the eastern Islamic area in which had relations and battles with the present Persian Sunni Princedoms which continued till the fall of the Zaidi Princedom in 316 Hijri 928 A.D. by the Samanis’, as it was mentioned earlier in this research. The nature of this study is divided in to three chapters in the first chapter we defined the Zaidi Princedom was defined as a Shiite Princedom in Tabristan area, And it had also shed some light on the political and military relationship between the Zaidi and Tahiri Princedoms. The second chapter is about the relation between the Zaidi and Safari Princedoms in term of politics and military in peace and war times. In the third chapter a detailed analysis is given to relation between the Zaidiand Samani Princedoms which was hostile between the two of them because ofexpanding ambitions between both of them; also the difference of religion was apart of this struggle.

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10. 10
    Social Science Original Research pp. 233-250

    Investigat the Recognition in Qaneh’s Poetry

    Pakhshan Muhammad Mahmoud

    Poets in different periods of human history have entered the field of literature that patriotism and patriotism has been one of their poetic themes and have turned poetry into one of the prominent positions that can express the feelings and pains of their nation. Express with it. They endured the hardships of the nation and sought to portray the true face of the colonialists and oppressors. Patriotism and patriotism has been one of their poetic themes. One of these poets is convinced, he lived in a time full of oppression and tyranny and for this reason he has used the array of discernment in his poems. With the help of recognizing inanimate elements, he has used nature and with the utmost skill and mastery and beauty of words, has given them human characteristics and feelings, and has given them movement, life and feeling, he, anti-colonialism and justice , Freedom-seeking, etc. with the help of diagnoses of the type; He draws simple and complex in his poems. The research method is library study based on content analysis.

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11. 11
    Social Science Original Research pp. 251-273

    Women in the Perspective of The Haqqah Movement

    Qaraman Nadir Mohammed

    The Haqqah movement that emerged from the Naqshbandi order gave women a position they had not previously enjoyed in Kurdish society, as it worked to give them a completely different social and religious role than what was present in the prevailing social milieu. The status of women increased even more when the leaders of the movement allowed them to attend religious and social meetings and express their opinion on the various issues raised in these meetings. Then they reconsidered how girls are married off and women are treated as commodities to be bought and sold. Not only that, but they also gave women a place in the movement's religious affairs department. The movement worked to redefine some social values, helping to create a kind of gender equality and giving women belonging to the movement a stronger personality than their counterparts in traditional Kurdish society. On the other hand, social and religious actors in the Kurdish social milieu have criticized the movement and downplayed its social reforms, as a stark departure from the prevailing social traditions.

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12. 12
    Social Science Original Research pp. 274-297

    Feminisms Stream Role to Developing Womans Political Position

    Saleem Patros Elias, Nazar Ahmed Yahya

    This study is a kind of effort to explore growing the current of different feminist theories in their frame discussions of social differences which women face in society. It tries to explain that, regardless of a given ideology, there are quantities of feminist theories that have been progressed based on developing of society. They can be classified into three main waves depending on their growth from beginning to present. In this study three main perspectives which are (Liberal, Radical, Post modern, Marxist, Socialist, Global and Islamic) thiories, distinguished from each other by analyzing the existing feminist theories. But the researcher focused on political sphere, which feminist movements and activiactivists interested with, because they beleave that if woman wants to equal with men, they have to participate to the political activities and have roles in political order.

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13. 13
    Social Science Original Research pp. 298-317

    Strategic Challenges for Russian-Turkish Relations An Analytical Study

    Peshawa Mohammed Ali, Abdulrahman Karim Darwesh

    Russian-Turkish relations are considered complex bilateral relations, extending over centuries, and having intertwined roots. Overlapping geopolitical regions and determinants that form hotbeds of conflict between the two states, global influences, and national and religious motives, all stand in the way of building normal relations between the two states. Nevertheless, the development of an intellectual structure and political and economic traditions of cooperation between the two states, towards unifying them under a Eurasian umbrella umbrella This remains elusive because of the different premises of each country towards the other.

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14. 14
    Social Science Original Research pp. 318-341

    Intertextuality in the Novel (Koykha Swi) by (Aziz Mullah Rash)

    Mustafa Said Mina Mustafa, Azad Hassan Nabi

    The novel (Kwekha Sewe), which means (Sheikha Siwi), by the creative Kurdish writer and novelist (Aziz Mulla Rash), which was issued and printed in 1986 AD, is considered one of those rare novels at the time that caused gossip and wrote research and articles about it at that time. The reason, as we can see, is due to the fact that it was written and narrated in an easy and simple Kurdish language and an fluent and eloquent Kurdish tongue, which emerged from the depth of its culture and popular heritage which is full of wisdom and sayings of the ancients, in which the Kurdish heritage and folklore were used in a clear and clear way Which is unprecedented in the Kurdish novel, this novel is considered the initiative and the vanguard in this field. The writer (Aziz Mulla Rash), as an original writer with a rich background in the Kurdish folk culture and heritage, benefited greatly in his narration of the novel from the literary elements of folklore, customs and social traditions of the Kurdish community. the novel. With this, the writer was able to accomplish two goals and two aims at the same time, he was able to protect part of the Kurdish folklore and preserve it from damage and loss first, and secondly, he made his narration more coordinated and more tasting. Therefore, in order to reward the writer for his venerable attempts and generous effort in this regard, we consider it necessary to do this research in this field in honor of his generous effort and the protection and preservation of the Kurdish folk culture and heritage.

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15. 15
    Social Science Original Research pp. 342-370

    Gemination In Kurdish Language

    Sherwan Hussen Hamed, Raz Aziz Ahmed

    This study, entitled (Gemination In Kurdish Language(A Statical Analysis Study)), into the phenomenon of the formation of two similar consonants. It goes into the field of phonology and has utilized descriptive statistics. The study wants to answer the question of how and how many forms this phenomenon manifests itself in the Kurdish language. For this purpose, the study, besides introduction, results and bibliography, will be divided into two parts: In the first part, we introduce the phenomenon of germination and is types, and in the second part, we analyze and show the statistics of gemination in Kurdish.

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16. 16
    Social Science Original Research pp. 371-397

    Military Conflicts Between Muslims and non-Muslim Peoples in the Caucasus Region in the Umayyad and Abbasid Eras (41-358 AH / 661-969 AD) (Khazars as an Example)

    Nawzad Khalid Rauf, Rawand Ismael Rasul, Saman Namuq Tawfeeq

    The Caucasus region، due to its importance in ancient times، was a site for resolving the military conflict between the hostile power، and different peoples lived in this region and its wisdom، and the Muslims، after their victories in the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs، reached the Caucasus region، and Muslims realized the economic، political and military importance of this region، so Muslims tried in The Umayyad and Abbasid eras constantly increased their areas of influence and seized cities، castles and areas that were under the hands of non-Muslims and in a permanent military conflict with them. The Khazars were one of the non-Muslim peoples of Turkish origin، and in this era they have power and influence in the regions of the Caucasus and the country of the Khazars. Numerous military attacks on cities and castles in the Caucasus regions in Azerbaijan and Arran، and the military conflict between Muslims and the Khazar state continued in the Umayyad and Abbasid eras. This study aims to show us many aspects of the military conflicts between Muslims and the Khazars، remove ambiguity and shed light on them in four sections.

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17. 17
    Social Science Original Research pp. 398-418

    The Attempts of Kurdish Parliamentarians in Iraqi Government to Achieve Education and Literacy in Native Language During(1925-1933)

    Mariwan mahmood Muhammed, Ahmad Muhammed-Ameen Qqdir

    After the foundation of Iraq in 1921, Kurds tried to achieve their own ethnic right within this new country. Although a part of South Kurdistan (Sulaimania and its suburbs) was not a part of this new government, British authorities made their best to enhance the relationship between Kurds and Iraqi authorities; and as a consequence of Britain insistence and the support of League of Nations, Mosul province was attached to Iraqi government on 16th December 1925, After conducting the election for the foundation assembly, Kurdish representatives made their effort to enjoy formally the right of education in their native language, but this demand was strongly rejected by the majority of the Arab members. Kurdish representatives in the Iraqi House of Representatives, through discussions on the council or by memorandum, called for an improvement in the situation of Kurdish education, and the most notable memorandum that Kurdish representatives presented to the Ministry of Education in June 1928, which called for the reopening of the school that they needed and formed committees to set up books and translate schools into Kurdish, but Ma'arif officials rejected their requests, believing that the curriculum was better in Arabic, and they described the Kurdish language as a weak language. Although under Article (16) of Iraq’s Constitution and Article (9) of the Local Language Act of 1931, education in primary schools with a majority of Kurdish population should have been in Kurdish, however the rules have not been implemented as necessary. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate the efforts of Kurdish representatives to improve the education situation in the Kurdish region, and the research method is to determine the historical truth that Kurdish representatives have requested for Kurdish studies, except for the small number, and many Arabs in parliament have rejected their requests.

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18. 18
    Social Science Original Research pp. 419-439

    Linguistic Violence in Kurdish Language

    Nariman Abdulla Karim

    The present study is titled with (Language violence in Kurdish language), which means, the researcher discusses language violence generally with shading light on Kurdish language as well.The current study has applied descriptive analytical method, meaning that it is the discussion of the selected topic. The study comprised of an introduction and three chapters. First chapter: which is titled (violence and language violence), contains many sections: (linguistics and psychology, language violence terminology, Kurdish language morals).Second chapter: psychological and physiological traces of language violence on individual and society. Third chapter: which is titled (reasons and patterns of language violence) contains these sections: Patterns of language violence,Reasons of language violence (electronic reasons, psychological reasons, political reasons, religious reasons and social reasons). Finally the research concluded with results, references and research abstract in Arabic and English language.

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19. 19
    Social Science Original Research pp. 440-450

    Self-Reconciliation and Starting a New Life in the Novel Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Murakami

    Sherzad Tawfeq Ali

    In Kafka on the Shore, Murakami mentions some ideas about how personal lives are reconstructed by long journey in the novel. Rejecting old life and starting new life occur through the field of signs, narrative and memory. Although, personality reconstruction receipts venue in the internal realm, psychological and the social. The research applies visions from conceptual metaphor, dream, and mirrored stage by (Lacan, 1949;1982). Interface between the reader's knowledge and the language of a literary text through psychological speaking make reader's cognitive development. This study is an effort to show how the reader can innovate his /her point of view and thoughts. By exposing unfamiliar the everyday experience, knowledge and images, Murakami provides new numerous knowledge and ideas that go against the reader's established knowledge and in result modify reader’s point of view to (things) and human in life.

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20. 20
    Social Science Original Research pp. 451-465

    The Source of the Sunnah of the Prophet in Surat Al-Ahzab

    Saman Sadiq Rasheed, Zakaria Abdurrahman Hamad

    It appeared from time to time some people make the Holy Qur’an the only source for enacting rulings; They intend by this to strip the Prophetic Sunnah from its source and authenticity, and they base their claim in that on suspicions that make people believe that the Qur’an is the one who ordered us to make it the only source of legislation. It contains the provisions in total, and the Prophetic Sunnah is the one that took care of clarifying its details, and explaining its summaries. And in the Qur’an itself there are many verses that prove that the Sunnah is one of the sources of legislation. Among these verses are verses in Surat Al-Ahzab.

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21. 21
    Social Science Original Research pp. 466-496

    Distribution Pattern of the City Locations in the Province of Sulaymaniyah

    Amanj Fuad Ahmed

    The research is focused on urban distribution analysis in the terms of location, pattern, and expansion, in addition to the causes of change and development of the cities have taken into account. The inductive method has been used based on quantitative, statistical, and cartographical approaches such as Lorenz's Curve, Moran's Index, chi square And Nearest Neighbor Analyses for distribution pattern, Robinson's Equation for distance measurement between cities, and area belt for spreading and gathering measurement of the cities. The study is concluded that the taken cities in the study haven't irregular patterns instead they are spread under the effect of natural and human factors.

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22. 22
    Social Science Original Research pp. 497-513

    The Role of Human Resource Practices in Managing COIVD-19 Crisis in the Kurdish Media Organizations

    Abdulsamad Qadir Hussien, Talar Jalal Karim

    This paper examines the role of human resource practices in managing crises specifically during COVID-19 pandemic in Kurdish media organisations. This article explains the barriers faced HR practiser’s during the pandemic in manging their employees and focusing on achieving organizational goals. In addition, it attempts to articulate how the pandemic has created a complex and challenging environment for human resource management (HRM) practitioners, who need to find ingenious solutions to ensure the continuity of their corporates and to help their employees to cope with this extraordinary crisis. The research, mainly focused on the quantitative research method (survey research). A survey technique through an online questionnaire using 'Google Forms' (N= 50) has been adopted with responses from two Kurdish media Organizations namely (Galy Kurdistan TV and Kurdsat TV) in Sulaimanya City. Through applying statistical method (SPSS 21) data has been analaysed. Results indicate that adaptability and creativity in practicing HR functions such as (downsize their workforce, remote working, effective training programmes and flexible working hours) can help Kurdish media organizations manage organizational crises which appeared due to COVID-19 pandemic and also assist their sustainability, competitive advantage and performance.

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23. 23
    Social Science Original Research pp. 514-534

    The Impact of the Media on Women's Political Participation in Iraq and the Middle East

    Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sara Qadir Mohammed

    Despite the existence of many theories for women around the world, new theories for gender and feminist perspectives have emerged. Most theorists have focused on the circumstances of women and the imbalances they face in life, so women's rights advocacy organizations are struggling to achieve and build a gender balance to defend their rights in the current era of technology-globalization and new media. One of the theories is a feminist media theory, which focuses on how gender perceptions in the media influence women's political participation. This research, which is a descriptive study, uses the content analysis approach and thematic review to get a purposeful evaluation of the research literature and to analyses the study's data. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the media on the construction of social, cultural, religious, and political barriers to women's political participation, particularly in non-developing states in the Middle East such as Iraq. Media forms in Iraq and the Middle East, particularly digital and social media platforms, have emerged as an important public arena for women's political participation. Despite widespread insecurity and political instability seen as a significant barrier to women's political participation and representation, along with other factors. This is why women in Iraq require different strategies to overcome barriers to political participation due to a variety of factors, including cultural and institutional ones.

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24. 24
    Social Science Original Research pp. 535-555

    The Translation Between Competence and Performance

    Hanan Salih Rashid, Omar Mahmood Kareem

    This study is an attempt to clarify translation between mother tongue and foreign languages; it means the translations between two different languages. The contents consist of (introduction, idiomatic translation, proverbial translation, literary translation, and the terms that untranslatable). In literary translation we choose the poetry for two reason, firstly its main topic of literary translation, secondly its difficult topic translation. This study tries to show the difficulties and obstacles of each of these subjects, because each of them has a set of cultural and social characteristics, and they have a direct and complete relationship with human emotions and feelings. We mean choosing this title is human genitals will be a competence and any languages other than this language will be a performance for it, and also competence and performance will form an important part of all the languages of the world, because the competence is the basis of the creation of language, and performance is the expression of the language, and this caused choosing the subject and mixing with translation.

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25. 25
    Social Science Original Research pp. 556-586

    The Political Role of Koya Women in 1958-1991

    Hawrin Ali Tawfeeq, Jamal Fathullah Taib

    Throughout history, women had crucial role in all aspects of community, this is also true for Kurdish women and women from Koya. In political arena, Women, alongside men, struggled towards the national causes. They endured many sacrifices. However, due to patriarchy system of Kurdish society, women were not offered similar opportunities as men, therefore, their chances for success was limited and they indirectly prevented form proving their themselves. Despite that, women from Koya somehow overcame the obstacles and participated and contributed to the society actively. It is undeniable the public policy of subsequent ruling governments in Iraq did not pave the way from the active participation of women and neither provided equal opportunities for men and women. For instance, in 1963, when Ba’th regime took control of Iraq in a coup, they attacked Kurdistan region and Koya. They practiced the almost brutality against people, among the early victims were women. As the reaction, and reaction to other barbaric practices of Ba’th regime, Women from Koya participated in armed conflicts in Kurdish liberation movements. The current research consists of two parts; in introduction, a brief historical survey about the participation and contribution of women from Koya pre1958 revolution is provided. The first part is dedicated to the contribution and activities of women between 19581975. The second part is dedicated to discussing the role of women in political activism and secret organization.

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26. 26
    Social Science Original Research pp. 587-615

    The Impacts of Filtering in Social Media Facebook on Users in the Kurdistan Region

    Awara Haji Kheder, Saman Jalal Mawlood

    Social media has prevailed over conventional media and it has impacted the society enormously. This research investigates the impacts of filtering in social media platform of Facebook. Filtering is argued to have positive influences on the quality of media productions. The main objective of the research is to scrutinize the effects of filtering in Facebook. The problem of this research is that Facebook users are overwhelmed by a flood of false and perilous information that come to them through unfiltered social media platforms. The significance of the work lies in its attempt to eradicate all the messages that get disseminated irresponsibly in social media. Methodologically, the study employed a descriptive method by conducting an online survey in the four governorates of the Kurdistan Region. Furthermore, a three-point Correct spelling scale is used in the research. A sample of (N 284) journalists from Erbil, Sulaimani, Duhok and Halabja was selected for the empirical data collection process. Findings indicate that majority of journalists believe that filtering is a necessity in Facebook and filtering is an effective tool to end humiliation and disrespect in social media in the Kurdistan Region.

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27. 27
    Social Science Original Research pp. 616-636

    Economic Life of the Jews of the Sulaimani Brigade (1921-1958 )

    Aras Abdurahman Mstafa, Diary Ali Pirot

    In the first half of the twentieth century, The Jews formed a part of the Population of Kurdistan, and a large number of Jews in the Sulaimaniyah Brigade spread throughout the cities and villages, as well as the Jews' intelligence about their work and personality and the preoccupation of the Jews only. By work, this has generally made the Jews of all Iraq better off in their economic situation than most other nations, even if the Jews who lived in the villages did not get worse if they did not live better than the Muslims. In the Sulaimaniyah bazaar, they worked daily as Muslims in the city, and a number of Jewish shopkeepers in the bazaar, along with Muslim businessmen, were busy with business daily. In many cities and towns in Kurdistan, Geri was a prominent Jewish profession, and it has been mentioned in the narrations that many Jews have faced gangsters and obstacles between cities and towns. Agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry were other Jewish occupations, and they distributed their time to work, for example, in villages planting agricultural products in summer, and other jobs such as livestock and bending. For winter, although many historical sources point out, Iraqi Jews have generally worked less in agriculture than in other fields such as industry and commerce, so the Jews of Iraq have advanced to Israel. In terms of ownership and land, they were generally small and medium-sized property, and they did not have large property. The Jews were great in the industry, and in the most obvious effects of the departure of the Jews in Sulaimaniyah, it was the remaining goldsmith's career for the Kurds, because the Kurds had not done goldsmiths before. Only the Jews had this job, and Khomeini was one of the jobs that remained for the Kurds after the Jews, in a way that they started working in every Jewish khomeini shop. Knitting was one of the main professions in which Jews in Kurdistan had good experience, knitting as a Jewish industry, in research on Kurdish Jewish culture and in narrating the letters of tourists of the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century.

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28. 28
    Social Science Original Research pp. 637-663

    Methods of Teaching Within Educational Materials in Kurdish Areas Around (5_7H/ 11 _13A.D)

    Rasul Ibrahim Rasul, Shamal Mohammed Wsman

    Researching، generally in the field of education and teaching in any historical stages، has its own value and characteristics، which is multidimensional and consists of some fields. In Kurdish history، it is worth mentioning to research specifically during (5_7H/ 11 _13A.D) centuries which was the era of developing science and intellectualism. It needs to be researched in this field، that’s why the title of this research specialized to (Methods in Educational and Teaching institutions of Kurdish Population during (5_7H/ 11_13A.D)) centuries، that aims to show the most apparent scientific methods used in the institutions، in which the achievements and consequents were positive and productive. This research has naturally willed to describe each method separately in order not to mix them، in which we have discussed nearly (9) methods in this study depending on original resources and analyzing new approaches that the new examples were stated in this research. To write them، it has been depended on many relevant and scientific resources and new approaches، as they were mentioned in the list of references.

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29. 29
    Social Science Original Research pp. 664-681

    Internal, Regional and International Distances of Adherence of Kurdish Regional to Arabic Iraqi

    Pshko Hama Tahir AbdulRahman, Majid Khaleel Fattah

    The consequences of WW1 ‎1914-1918 have repucations on south Kurdistan. Research question is the central question of the study that focus on what is impact on Kurdish society at that time. The aims researh demonstrate unclear aspects on isolation of southern Kurdistan. At That time the case in the framework of Mousl state between Britain and Iraqi state in one hand and Turkey in another hand is settled in benefit of the Iraq and Britain. This case is relevant with some internal and international motives. The internal ones: the case of Kurdish Nationalism, religions approach , the scattered speech of Kurdish and geographical situations while in terms of regional and international motives the secret agreement during war , oil and economy of Kurdistan ,the balancing of ethnic and religions of Iraq and the beneficiaries and capitalism of Europe has played a key role . This investigation has centered on the entire case and it’s potential of final decision of group of nations.

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30. 30
    Social Science Original Research pp. 682-706

    Asociologiacl Perspetive to Culture

    Aram Ibrahim Hussen Dzaye

    At the beginning, culture means the way of life is the way of thinking and how to express the dislocation, emotions, and any community that does only every family It has its own culture to deal with the life parties, and a social reading for culture will be seen from this point of view Today's era of cultural development and cultural change through media channels and globalization campaigns will change very quickly in a way that is mixed It happens that there is a lot of problems between accepting and rejecting it, this was one of the reasons for the preparation of this subject because of its coming The large number of refugees from the middle and lower parts of Iraq, as well as western Kurdistan, have flowed into Kurdistan, causing cultural disintegration and cultural development, as each region has its own culture. This research was a part of some basque syllables about the first weapon and the characteristics of cultural developments, the second subject of The Culture of Culture, the change, the delay and transfer of the culture of the third The work of the capital in the culture of the community, the fourth story of the speech of the language of the culture on a book of the fifth style of the coultoro against The first of these is the "Saeed Ibn Al-Saeedi" (the son of The Prophet) and the coultore mechanics of the world and the more intelligent knowledge.

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