Volume 8
Issue 4
- Published
- 29 December 2021
- Articles
- 30 articles
- Access
- Open Access
Table of Contents
-
01
Social Science Original Research pp. 1-16
Using Some Mobile Applications for Teaching Mathematics During COVID-19 Pandemic Through Providing a Suitable Environment
Fenk Khasraw Hussin, Shuokr Qarani Aziz
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and other crises create problems for the normal teaching process in the class. In this case, alternate teaching techniques such as mobile applications are required for continuing the teaching and learning process. This research focuses on teaching mathematics in class 12 by using applications (available on mobiles, laptops, desk tops, iPads etc.), namely Phone, Viber, WhatsApp and Messenger so as to provide an appropriate teaching environment. Class 12 in Gawher Preparatory School (both scientific and literary branches) in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq was selected for this study. The sample sizes for both scientific and literary branches during the academic year 2019-2020 were 31 and 53, respectively. Pre and post tests were administrated to check pupils’ achievements. Videos were prepared and uploaded to the teaching groups in Viber and Messenger. Suitable environments for teaching mathematics to class 12 were provided via direct communication, and questions and answers were provided. The results revealed that average scores for pre and post tests for the scientific branch were 20 % and 63.33 %, respectively; while for the literary branch were 17.5 % and 50.83 %, respectively. The mobile applications experimented with have led to the enhancement of the mathematics teaching process outside normal classes and particularly during the COVID-19 lockdown periods and crisis. Also, COVID-19 lockdowns decreased noise pollution, water consumption, production of wastewater, generation of solid waste, and expenditures at schools. Additionally, a number of problems, benefits, and recommendations have been outlined; for instance, providing internet and continuous electricity for schools, supplying mobile phones or laptops for pupils with reasonable prices, and running training courses for teachers and pupils are essential.
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02
Social Science Original Research pp. 17-27
The Portrayal of Women: Feminist Analysis of A Hologram for The King
Samal Marf Mohammed
This research paper attempts to investigate the representation of women, their character and their rights in Dave Eggers’ novel A Hologram for the King (2012), according to the feministic approach to literary works. Gender bias has been reflected in many literary works from classical canonical works to contemporary literary ones and has been dealt with in many critical pieces. The theme of self-objectification, which is closely tied to gender bias to some extent, has not been analyzed, independently and fully, especially in the literature of the post-colonial era. The current study scrutinizes the writer’s portrayal of women characters in order to uncover the replication of the same stereotypes and gender bias categories against women, dominant in the literary works before the post-colonial era. Based on the feminist approach, A Hologram for the King is identified as a misogynist work although it is written in postmodern era. The author of the novel, is inspired by men’s superiority, creates a completely distorted image of women by introducing them as people who turn themselves into objects of pleasure for men. The novelist further deprives women of their rights and misrepresents them as unprincipled humans, disparaging them as naïve and sexually licentious creatures. After all, this study becomes a means of writing back against marginalization of women, in their picturization and their subordination to men.
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03
Social Science Original Research pp. 28-47
Al-Barzanji and his Scientific Position
Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed, Omed Othman Ahmed
Sheikh Muhammad, abdul rasul al barzinji was born in barzinji village, he started stadying under his father's sapervision, then left to sham and persia and finally settled in Maddinah and became the Mufti of that hole city, he thought for more than fifty years and he has more than ninety books in all the fiddes of science. This scolar was from shafi school and followed the Ash'ari belief. He was buried in Al bagi cemetery. Sheikh Muhammad Al_barzinji had many Islamic stat.. , who got certificate from his. One of the books of this scolar is this book under the little of [Qanah al_... Fi jahadt ahli sachand ]. The book is a response to the famous Indian scholar Amad sarhandi . The Indian scholar ask at Madiah's Mufti of that time who was sheikh Muhammad to answer Ahmad sarhand. Ahmad sarhand in his book demands prophecy and claim that he kabbah is greates the prophets. The Sheila of barzinji answed him with evidence from the Holy Quran and hadith, and with metal aud unwritten proofs sending bedc his answer to Indian to annomce the fatwa of Ahmad sarhand's infadilty. In this study the research aims at the reconsideciny reviving this book in the modern.
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04
Social Science Original Research pp. 48-78
Psychological Hardiness and its Relationship with the Superstition Thinking in SalahaddinUniversity Students
Nawzad Ali Awrahman, Yousef Hama Salih Mustafa
The problem of the research، when the level of (Hardiness) is High، the individual enjoys good mental and somatic health، but، when the level of Hardiness is less، it may lead to a lack of logical analysis or challenge and control positions، a decrease in its commitment to its values، principles، the individual's sense of psychological helplessness، alienation، and the individuals perception will not be as clear as it is in reality. University students during the progress of this study are exposed to all sorts of pressures and obstacles. Too little of Hardiness leady to suffering ill health physically and mental، wthe a negative impact on effectiveness، efficiency and success in academic study. The importance of the current research in the study has shown that the relationship between Hardiness and superstition thinking by many variables، including the (psychological pressure، self-esteem، social support، in the field of special forces on the battlefield military forces، in the field of sports، self-confidence، motivated by achievement، effective self، sex، self-concept and the control center). The aim of this study is to identify the psychological Hardiness and superstition thinking among the samples as a whole and to recognize the significance of differences in terms of the central premise levels، as well as levels of Hardiness and superstition thinking among the samples to identify the implications of the differences by gender، study stage and specialization (Scientific or Humanitarian)، and the relationship between hardiness and superstition thinking among the samples as a whole by gender variables and study stage. The scale of superstitious thinking and psychological hardness was used on a sample of (240) male and female students، with (120) males and (120) females. The results showed significant levels of high psychological hardness and a decrease in superstitious thinking among the research sample of university students.
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05
Social Science Original Research pp. 79-106
The Reality of Teaching According to the Problem-Solving Method from the Perspective of Social Studies Teachers in Kalar City
Bakhtiyar Habib Said
The purpose of the study was to identify the reality of teaching according to the problem - solving method from the perspective of social studies teachers in Kalar city، Thirty samples (male and female) teachers have been taken in the general directorate of educational / kalar،the study used for preparing descriptive approach، drawing on the study tool، a questionnaire consist of (30) question divided into five themes. Which are (strongly disagree، disagree،neither agree nor disagree، agree، strongly agree)، meeting the scores(1، 2، 3، 4، 5) respectively، then calculated its Validity and Reliability، The most important statistical means applied in the study are (fischer) and person correlation coefficient)،which resulted that، the reality of teaching according to the problem solving method by teachers to a medium degree، and the study shoed that the teachers' obstacles is medium degree، and includes " do not have enough time to apply problem –solving method" " teaching aids available is not appropriate to use the method of solving problems" " it is difficult to apply problem solving method because of the large number of students in class".based on the result، asset of proposals and recommendations have been presented.
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06
Social Science Original Research pp. 107-142
Acquiring Consonant Phonemes by Kurdish Children
Karzan Khidir Ismael, Sherwan Husen Hamad
Natural phonology and the theory of Roman Jacobson are crucial in acquiring language phonemes. In this paper which is entitled "acquiring consonant phonemes by Kurds children", we will endeavor based on the above theories, to focus on acquiring consonant phonemes in Kurdish language from age two years and a month to the age of six years and 5 months. We will also review the studies and methods that deal with acquiring language phonemes. The importance of this study is to find out at what age do the Kurds children obtains all consonant phonemes, or what are the difficult phonemes for Kurds children which acquire them at a later time. Is there a gender difference in acquiring phonemes among children? The present paper beside these objectives also aims at catching the interests of those who investigate Kurdish language, in order to conduct more research’s on this matter especially children phonology to determine the natural development of children language.
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07
Social Science Original Research pp. 143-166
A Psychological Analysis of the Main Character in the Novel” Daryas and Bakhtiar Ali’s Bodies”. In Light of the Method of Psychological Criticism
Sarkawt Omer Eibrahem, Nahida Hussein Abdwlrahman
The title of this paper is to measure the personality of the main character in the novel of {Daryas and lashakan} which means { Daryas and corpses} of Bakhtyar Ali.Then taking into consideration a method of psychoanalytic criticism. Of course personality in the novel texts is significant and has a big role, so psycho has an impact on reflecting the personality. This paper tries to analyse the personality of the main characters in the novel in the light of the method of psychoanalytic criticism. The paper is divided into two parts: the first section is about the definition of the term psychology. The second section is devoted to the relation between literature and psychology. Also in the third section a method of psychoanalytic criticism in literature has been presented. In the first section of the second part is about the personality of the character of the novel and the aim of the novel. The character hs been assessed in terms of five psychological disorders ( depression, pessimism, low self-esteem, fear and worry, anger and oppositional deiant disorder ). Through those psychological disorders this paper tries to assess the personality of both characters ( Elyas and Daryas ). Elyas believed in running revolution but Daryas didnt believe in the revolution.
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08
Social Science Original Research pp. 167-190
Myth and the Sumerian Mythology
Muhammad Amin Ali Abdullah, Shanaz Ibrahim Mahmood
Myth and the Sumerian Mythology has been entitled to this study, which is a scientific attempt to stand upon the concept of Legendary. Legendary is a literary genre that has been narrated amongst generations respectively. This study includes some truths which reflects realities in primitive communities. The truths and realities reflect human beliefs, opinions, the way of thinking and consciousness who considered as GOD and heroes of natural forces at that time. Their willingness and needs were above all things. Working on legendary is different from other subjects such as story, superstition and relation to history. Narrating or describing Sumerian Legendary and comparing to the realities of societies and their roles in directing peoples´ life at that time. Except the abstract,and its translation in languages Kurdish, Arabic and introduced and results the study and its abstract have been dealt with intensively in the framework of four sections.
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09
Social Science Original Research pp. 191-211
Style and Stylistics
Hero Abdulrahman Mustafa, Idrees Abdulla Mustafa
Style and stylistics are two critical terms, that they exceed Kurdish modern criticism in the spread of researching modern critical literature of people and modern Kurdish literature. Style is a wide range of using language, stylistics is a researchable science and it is the detail of the styles. Modern linguistics that (Bale) invented, paves the way for the emergence of this modern science for studying style, how modern linguistics studies (speech) and likewise stylistics studies styles of speech. This research sheds light on these two terms.
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10
Social Science Original Research pp. 212-224
Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in Sulaimani City High Schools: Challenges and Obstacles
Azeez Raouf Abdulazeez, Sirwan Abdulkarim Ali
This study addresses teaching critical thinking and problem-solving skills and their impact in high schools of the Kurdistan Region. The basic definitions and strategies of these skills are presented along with different perspectives to closely examine the impacts and the challenges facing both learners and educators. Investigating the role of teachers and their views about the challenges they face is the main question of this study, explored though a semi-structured interview method. The study reveals that teaching critical thinking skills is a crucial component of our education system, and the regional stakeholders have reformed the education system in Kurdistan accordingly during the past five decades. The identified challenges are discussed in this paper to show the significance of a well-planned reformation in teaching methods to promote critical thinking skills via modern strategies and methods.
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11
Social Science Original Research pp. 225-249
Development of General Budget Preparation Methods in Governmental Units (An applied study in the bureau of the Presidency of Raparin University)
Halmat Rasol Smiel, Ghazi Othman Mahmod
The aim of this research is to shed light on the concept and significance of balancing programs and performance as one of the modern methods of preparing the public budget، because this method has many advantages in improving planning، rationalization of expenditure، and control of public funds، and this modern method has been applied in many countries around the world and proven its success as a continuation.The countries of the world، by following the traditional method (items) in preparing the public budget، have led over the years to an increase in the volume of public expenditures without an actual need for this increase. The researchers applied a new method for preparing the general budget at Raparin University، and then compared the estimated expenditures according to the traditional budget (items) for the year 2021 prepared by the Directorate of Financial Affairs of the Raparin University Presidency Office and the estimated expenditures according to the budget of programs and performance The research has reached a set of conclusions، the most important of which is the use of the program and performance budgeting system، which leads to the optimal allocation of resources، increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of programs and activities، and using it to achieve the objectives related to each program and to achieve effective control over these programs by following up on the extent to which the programs achieve their predetermined goals.The research recommends the need to adhere to the principles، rules and practices that underpin the philosophy of the method of balancing programs and performance by all government departments in general and the research sample in particular، as this method leads to a state of creativity among government budget preparers and provides them with the best solutions، and then considers it a clear approach.Government units take strategic decisions.
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12
Social Science Original Research pp. 250-274
Forms of Public Communication That are Written to Build Relations Between The Audience and Governmental Institutions: A Case Study of Governmental Institutions' Electronic Sites
Shokhan Abubakr Ali
The electronic site is one of the latest forms of communication facilities that governmental institutions use to establish public relations with their audiences. Governmental institutions utilize a variety of services and initiatives to develop good relationships with their audiences. To bring their work and actions to the majority of the public, they use various forms of mass media. The title of this research (Forms of public communication that are written to build relations between the audience and governmental institutions: a case study of governmental institutions' electronic sites). The significance of this research has focused on all of the subjects reported on the official websites of governmental institutions, as well as the review of the subjects and all of the aspects to know how to write the subjects and to be aware of all of the activities that the institutions conduct. Thus, all organizations must maintain their main sites and be able to better guide their matters to the public, which is one of the most critical circles of contact between governmental institutions and local and international audiences. The main question of this study is to determine what type of public relations writing is used, in which area, and what governmental institutions' activities are. The study aims to demonstrate the most popular writing styles and genres for public relations, as well as to be aware of the principles of writing, and to illustrate the subjects and actions that the institution does. Knowing the details and specifics of the topics published on the institution's website is also essential. This thesis is a descriptive study using the content analysis approach, intending to analyze the subjects of the main site of the governmental institutions in Sulaimaniyah. For this reason, the Directorate of the Sulaimaniyah Appeals Court, the Passport Office of Sulaimaniyah Province, and the Sulaimaniyah Traffic Directorate have set out all matters for six months from December ١, ٢٠١٩ to January ٦, ٢٠٢٠. As a consequence, the working style is one of the methods that the three institutions have used most often, and the articles written adhere to the standards of public relations writing. The majority of their activities included (visiting, conferences, courses, gathering) the majority of their publications, and then mentioning the institution's services, which were solely focused on news.
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13
Social Science Original Research pp. 275-302
The Art and Literature Areativity, Kurdish Poets and Poems As An Example
Arkhawan Mohammed Obaid
Abstract The art and literature creativity, Kurdish poets and poems as an example is the name of a theoretical and practical research. It is theoretical because in the first part it presents the principles and the regulations of the research for the first time. And it is practical because in the second and third parts of the the research is : Supported in a way of practicing the ideas in Kurdish pomes and the experiences of Kurdish poets, the situation of stopping creativity is a situation of repletion, fullness, giving up, satisfaction,missing creativity and initiative for creativity that happens to the producers person in which the producer is not able to produce new products or things. This repletion could be temporary or permanent. It has two types ( psychological and formational repletion) This research can be applied to all types of practical arts but in this research it is just practiced on Kurdish pomes only. This research is based on both the psychological and the formational terms. The research presents the important aims of the research , defining the terms, classifying the motivators of creativity and it is effects on the poets products.
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14
Social Science Original Research pp. 303-328
The Effect of Cyber Warfare on Raising the Level of Conflict Between the United States of America and Iran
Bakhan Ako Najmaddin
Modern technologies and communication systems are tools to make human life easier, and they have started a revolution in the fields of international securities and international relations. However, modern technologies and cyberspace have to be considered as causes of serious damages, dangers, and represent a serious risk in international security. Cyberspace is accounted as the fifth sphere for the conduct of combat besides land, water, air and space. Cyberspace has occurred in a very new and unique type of war, which is called cyber war. Nowadays, protecting cyberspace becomes a vital part of the national level strategies because cyber war under the shadow of cyberspace is a real phenomenon in international relations, and the United States and Iran's cyber war is the obvious example. Both countries attempt to attack the infrastructure of the other side's information technology and network communication systems in order to cause serious damage financially, economically, politically and militarily. Consequently, cyber war is likely to become the most characterized in the twenty-first century and future military operations.
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15
Social Science Original Research pp. 329-355
Uses of Genetic Engineering in Judicial Affairs
Mahr Abdulsalam Khalil, Hassan Hussein Sediq, Yusef Abdulrahman Muhammad
Genetic engineering represents the essence of modern scientific developments, rather, it is an essential branch in the contemporary biological revolution, which has become the subject of astonishment and hopes for human life. It plays an effective and influential role in all fields of life, such as science, agriculture, medicine, the environment, animals, and in the field of security and space as well, Therefore, the judiciary tried to benefit from it, And makes it within his service, especially in the field of judicial investigations, establishing lineage and revealing criminal files such as sexual rape, murder and kidnapping, which is done through the use of DNA analyses of human cells known as DNA tests of genetic material as a judicial presumption in order to use it in establishing clear legal, social and legal cases, this is due to the rare and explicit scientific characteristic possessed by the genetic structure of the DNA that is present on chromosomes, the genetic material of all cells of the human body, and it performs the function of inferring a single identity, the personal confidentiality of each individual, which is transmitted through heredity naturally and automatically from both parents for children and grandchildren, it expresses and represents, on its part, the biological characteristics and personal identity of each individual.
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16
Social Science Original Research pp. 356-377
Analysis of the Impact of Non-Performing Loans on the Performance of Banking Work in Light of the Corona Pandemic (An Applied Study of A Sample of Banks Operating in the City of Erbil for the Year 2020)
Fria Ahmed Abdulkareem, Amer Abdulla Majid, Raqeeb Abdullah Omer, Nawzad Majeed Hasan, Mustafa Farooq Othman, Fakhraldin Bayz Ali
The research aims to know the impact of the spread of the Corona pandemic on the financial ability of borrowers and thus to identify their willingness to pay their financial obligations towards banks، and an attempt to present through this research appropriate proposals to address bad debts in banks operating in the city of Erbil. A default in loans affected commercial banks in the first place، because they are quick to profit due to the high interest rates in them، compared to banks in other fields، including agricultural، industrial، specialized، and Islamic. In addition to the interest of major merchants in the region to activate their commercial operations through commercial banks. The research concluded by presenting a number of proposals، including: The commercial banks should verify the actual verification of the borrower's ability to repay his loan، especially the verification of the existence of additional surplus income. As well as working to focus on disclosure and transparency between banks by providing information on customers who are unable to pay and limiting the volume of their dealings with banks، in order to avoid and analyze the phenomenon of financial default that banks are exposed to، especially under the circumstances of the Corona pandemic.
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17
Social Science Original Research pp. 378-402
Reflecting Religious Beliefs on Mummification in Ancient Egypt 1567-1085 BC
Ali Abdallah Mahmood
This study titled (reflecting religious beliefs on mummification in ancient Egypt 1567-1085 BC), is a scientific activity that focuses on the influence of religious beliefs on the practice of mummification. The Egyptians believed that they would await a better life after death, especially the kings, who would go before the gods and appoint rewards and punishment for them, so they considered it necessary. A protect and mummification body to reach his stage in the second world, all steps of mummification and burial have been done by religious men and with the consent of the gods.
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18
Social Science Original Research pp. 403-429
Storing and Retrieving Information in the framework of the Phonemic Spectrum Theory
Sabah Rashid Qadr, Brwa Rasool Ahmed
This research is entitled (storing and retrieving information in the framework of the phonemic spectrum theory), and its analysis focuses on the perception mechanism and the production and representation of speech sounds within the internal components of the mind. It means producing sounds, storing them and then retrieving them from mental memories. The level of phonology, but these sounds within their wavelengths are converted into white light compounds and connections, in terms of the surface feature, but in terms of their verbal features they are hidden and retain features that distinguish them from others. This research is divided into two main sections: The first section is devoted to the introduction of the theory of the night and the history of the uprising, and the definition of each of the sounds, speech, and language according to this theory. The second section deals with how to store and retrieving sounds. also in the second section the phonemic features are discussed, as a basis for the separation of the sounds. in concludes with representing most important results and laying out the references.
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19
Social Science Original Research pp. 430-443
Difficulties Students face in Sight Translation Exams: A Case Study at the University of Sulaimani- Department of Translation
Raz Fraidoon Abdulrahman
The method of orally reproducing a written text in a target language is called sight translation (STr). This method is used as a bridge between translation and interpreting which is now considered as its mode of interpreting. Sight translation is two-toned because it requires both reading and speaking; therefore, students face difficulties and challenges while performing the task. The purpose of this study is to highlight the problems students face before taking an exam in sight translation and during the exam. To conduct the study, depending on Likert-scaled questions, fifteen senior students participate in a two-part quantitative questionnaire. The first part is a pre-test questionnaire in which students are asked to answer a set of questions to highlight the challenges they face before the exam. Later, the students are asked to translate a text from English into Kurdish, through which the researcher tries to evaluate the students’ translation and their abilities to overcome the problems they face in performing sight translation according to sight translation exam criteria. Soon after, the students perform the post-test questionnaire in which they give their reviews about the challenges they had during the exam. The whole questionnaire is designed to validate the results of the students in sight translation exams. This paper is helpful to understanding the students’ challenges in sight translation and helps the translation teachers to make appropriate pedagogical decisions to ease the challenges students face during sight translation.
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20
Social Science Original Research pp. 444-469
Elite Media Trends Towards the Extent of Commitment of Kurdish Websites to the Ethics of the Profession in the Kurdistan Region - A field Study
Azad Abdulaziz Mohammed, Tahir Hassu Zebari
The study aims to explain and identify the trends of the Kurdish media elite with regard to the level of commitment of Kurdish websites to professional ethics in the Kurdistan Region. This study is a descriptive study in which the survey method was used. The community of this study is consists of the media elite in the Kurdistan Region, whether it is the lecturers in the media departments in the universities and institutes of the region, or the experienced media professionals who are in charge of managing media institutions. The most prominent results of the study are: The majority of the study sample agrees that the content of Kurdish websites is a mixture of adherence to the principles of professional ethics, especially in presenting all the information related to the event and avoiding intentional exaggeration, and also non-compliance with these principles, especially in their lack of commitment to the sources of information contained in the news.
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21
Social Science Original Research pp. 470-497
Geographical Analysis of Agricultural Products Display in the Region Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq in (2007-2019)
Talaat Mohammed Tahir Al-Butani, Kawa Mahmud Abdulrahman
The goal of this research is to show the amount of agricultural production in the Kurdistan region of Iraq nowadays, from 2007 to 2019. However, because of not having data, the entire years could not be provided for the whole various crops. The lack of agricultural sector is the lack of political power and economic system in any country because the country asks for help from abroad when agricultural sector is not progressed to fulfil the gap of food or the local need. The result will be the food and economic dependency. This makes the colonized countries under the control of powerful and developed countries because of controlling bazaars and selling their goods. The Kurdistan region has a good environment for improving the agricultural sector. At the same time, the agricultural sector is a powerful source for economic independence, keeping food security and the national security of the Kurdistan region. The natural and humanitarian basics are the important support to build the agricultural sector in the Kurdistan region, but the problems and obstacles are more than the opportunities, which the taking out (oil) is an obstacle and the authority takes advantage of it. This makes that they don’t care about the agricultural sector. The farmers have not been supported to develop the sector. The people of the Kurdistan region have become consumers (parasites), not producer. It is important that the system of the country have to be built again. In a way which serves and invigorate this sector by encouraging and providing the needs of agricultural production to make improvement in order to increase the amount of production inside of the country.
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22
Social Science Original Research pp. 498-522
Reasons for Encroachment on State Real Estate، and its Downsides (Analytical Study)
Rekan Farhan Salih, Rebaz Ardalan Bakr
The phenomenon of abuses on state real estate has exceeded all expectations، due to its increase for political، legal، economic and social reasons، as the state’s real estate has not been spared from encroachment on it in recent times، and the abuse has formed different patterns، the motive of which is according to its status the interests of the transgressors، which resulted in the time At the present time، and in particular after the fall of the defunct Baathist regime، the state's property was liberated، as there was no strong deterrent to it. Despite the issuance of strict laws and decisions criminalizing and forbidding encroachment on state real estate، and with the presence of the executive and judicial authorities concerned with their application and implementation، the phenomenon of transgression is on the rise، which results in many negatives and on many levels، the most important of which is wasting public money and non-compliance and respect for the law، As well as the demographic change of cities. The research dealt with these issues as an attempt to contribute to presenting the problem of abuse، and to provide solutions to it، In order to understand the aspects of the research، the study was divided into two sections، In the first section، we discuss the concept of encroachment on state real estate، As for the second topic، we are devoted to talking about the causes of encroachment on state real estate، We also conclude the research by mentioning the most important conclusions and recommendations.
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23
Social Science Original Research pp. 523-541
Locational Analysis of the Distributions of Fire Extinguisher Stations in Koya With the Use of Geographic Information Systems
Rostam Salam Aziz
The distribution and the competence of firefighting stations in koya town is one of the main problems that this town suffers from, and this led us to conduct an academic study in this respect with the use of Geographic Information Systems. This system illustrates the competence and the services of firefighting stations according to world standard in terms of the times that they take (3-5 minutes) to arrive at the destination according to the distance and the road network, so based on these criteria, the firefighting service can only cover (34%) of the town. It can be deduced that this problem mainly results from misdistribution of firefighting stations and the poor road transportation network. This study, basing on the universal standards, proposes five new firefighting stations in koya in order to be able to cover the whole town and offer a good service in this respect for the present time and for future.
10.26750/Vol(8).No(4).Paper23 0 views Read article -
24
Social Science Original Research pp. 542-571
History Petroleum and Bitumen and Their Uses by Muslims in The Abbasid Age (132-656 AH / 749-1258 AD)
Nawzad Khalid Rauf
know humans Petroleum and tar since ancient times, especially the people of the Levant in Mesopotamia and Persia, before the advent of Islam and the beginning of the Abbasid era. The Muslims used Petroleum and bitumen in the fields of making ships and boats, and the Muslims used Petroleum in the industry as burning weapons of war, medicine and lighting at night, and the area of covering the walls of the bathhouses with bitumen and road tar... Therefore, we chose this topic to research the importance of the material and minerals, Petroleum and bitumen in the lives of Muslims and the scarcity or absence of a study and research on the history and uses of Petroleum and bitumen in this historical obstacle. This research consists of an introduction and entrance and the two axes , with the most prominent results and a summary of the research in both Arabic and English languages and a list of sources and references. The first axis is devoted to defining the term Petroleum, bitumen and its industry in Islamic sources in the Abbasid era. As for the second axis, we talked about all the wells and wells of Petroleum and tar in all the areas under the hands of Muslims and where Petroleum and tar are extracted. In the third axis, we presented the importance of Petroleum and bitumen and its most important uses for Muslims in the Abbasid era.
10.26750/Vol(8).No(4).Paper24 0 views Read article -
25
Social Science Original Research pp. 572-596
TV Presenter Skills An Assessment of Speech and Body Language Skills for Kurd Tv Presenters, from the Point of View of the Media Specialist
Bahat Haseeb Ali Qaradakhy, Azad Ramazan Ali
Although for many years the new media has occupied large areas of the world of media and communication, television has not lost its importance and the importance of its programs, while channels are constantly trying to renew and develop their technologies and contents. Hence the most difficult and fateful task on the radio and tv presenter. This research is a theoretical and applied attempt to analyze and discover the skills of the tv presenter in both the fields of speech and body language.
10.26750/Vol(8).No(4).Paper25 0 views Read article -
26
Social Science Original Research pp. 597-627
The Principles of The City-State in Plato’s View
Muslim Hassan Mohammed, Zryan Hamza Aziz
Plato’s thoughts, as great Greek philosopher, are still counted as one of the best references in terms of political philosophy and are in practice in the world of politics. Plato owns a utopian state based on the foundation of justice and virtue. Plato’s state, ruled by philosopher-kings, is characterized by having particular thoughts about the system of education. Politics is vitally important within Plato’s philosophy. It is regarded as means of planning his utopian city. Plato believes that political systems can be classified, in accordance to their ruling type, into aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, monarchy and dictatorship. Among them, Plato believes that aristocracy is the best since it’s practiced by a philosopher-king. Plato in his ideal state refers to metaphysics as an important basic of his utopian city. Plato’s view is that the ideal state can only be cherished in the life of hereafter, though those in power may be able to find some sort of the ideal life in this world. The philosopher-kings, on the other hand, are able to practice such an ideal life in this world. In Plato’s view, any sort of change happening in the world from the perfection towards the imperfection and weakness. This is due to the unstable feature of the world that never stays constantly. Only God is characterized by stableness and mortality. Plato thinks that ‘ethics’ is one of the practical fields of philosophy which shows the will of any human being that depends on performing the duty of individuals in the society to establish social justice. Plato states that education refers to the right preparation of human beings to suit the world of justice. He sees the education as the highest virtue. Plato repeats that all the social city-state classes have to get the proper education formed in certain phases based on the age of the citizens.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 628-634
The Sizzling of Desire A Psychoanalytic Study of Clyde’s Character in An American Tragedy
Karzan Kawsin Babakir
An American Tragedy is a novel by Theodore Dreiser. It was published in 1925. The novel is a complicated account of an ambitious, ill-educated, and immature young protagonist named Clyde Griffith. It is a portrayal of the society whose values both shape Clyde's mimetic desires and seal his destiny. Since the novel revolves around the strong desires of Clyde and the way they reflect on him and others around him, this paper offers an analysis of the character through the lens of psychoanalysis. This study is an attempt to shed light on the deep-rooted desires of the protagonist and how they affect him for his assumed success in life. In this regard, the beliefs of Sigmund Freud and some other writers in the field are discussed.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 635-660
The Role of Facebook in Covering Corruption in Kurdistan Region
Karzan Mohammed Ahmed
This research (the role of facebook in covering corruption in Kurdistan region) is one of the hotly debated topics in media which is directly related to the society and the adminstration system in Kurdistan Region. The significance of the research entails the analysis of views of facebook users about an iminent issue which is corrouption and its ramifications. The goal of the research is to define the concept of corruption and its types, levels and styles. Morover, the research attempts to find solutions for this serious phenomenon. Any step taken to combat corruption is considered as a service to the development of the society of Kurdistan Region. The research is descriptive. Questionaires and surveys are used to collect the views of facebook users. A bunch of results and recommendations are presented to combat corruption. The most important goals are: the impact of facebook in exposing corruption cases, investigation and presenting data and information, educating the public and creating pressure to punish the corrupted individuals in Kurditan Region. The most important recommendations: Drafting a strategy for the purpose of educating the public in order to adher to the anti- corruption rules. Establishing a council to overlook the media in order to garantee the freedom of expression and more transparency.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 661-690
Speech Act Analysis for Head Movement and Gesture
Mariwan Asaad Samad, Nawzad Anwer Omar
This research, is entitled (Speech Act Analysis for Head movement and gesture) this study is an attempt to analyze movement and gestures one of the parts of the humans body, which is Head, depending on the conditions and rules of the Speech Acts theory. The research consists of the introduction and two parts as follows:The first part: This part is devoted to the Speech Act theory, highlighting the history of the theory and the diagnosis of its most important features, with a number of classifications for main parts of this theory.The second part: This part is a practical part, which includes a number of movement or Head gestures. We analyzed the gesture or movement according to the theory of Speech Acts and applied the theory to all Head movement with specify the goals of each movement and head gesture.And the search ended with the most important results, with a list of sources.
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Social Science Original Research pp. 691-710
The Constitutional and Legal Organization of the Supreme Constitutional Court in the Iraqi State for the Year 2005
Ahmed Ramadhan Mohammed, Ranyar Qadir Ahmed
The constitutional system in Iraq after the overthrow of the previous regime in 2003 witnessed major fundamental changes, which marked the end of a historical era, the advent of the beginning of a new phase of political and constitutional history, and the adoption of the federal (federal) system as a form of the new Iraqi state, where Iraq transformed from a simple state to a complex state. With the adoption of the democratic parliamentary system based on the principle of separation of powers and respect for the constitution by emphasizing the principle of the supremacy of the constitution as a system for the work of state authorities and the management of its various constitutional institutions. If the constitutional distribution of competencies between the federal authorities is one of the essential characteristics of the federal systems, then one of the important features in the design of any federalism and its effective operation is to ensure the rule of law and the constitution as the source of powers, and in contrast, one of the authorities infringes on the powers of the other, which leads to a constitutional imbalance in the federalism And the matter that leads to its disintegration and its end, and in order to preserve this constitutional system, it is necessary to establish a supreme judicial body to ensure respect for the application of the constitutional principles of this system and not to be violated. The federal system is characterized by the presence of a Supreme Constitutional Court that works to monitor the constitutionality of laws and chapters In disputes between the central regions, it has the authority to interpret the Iraqi federal constitution, especially the interpretation of the constitutional rules related to the distribution of constitutional powers between the regions and the federal government. Which is one of the thorny issues in the countries of the union, and on this basis in Iraq the foregoing was the establishment of the Federal Supreme Court, which was granted by the constitution judicial and political competencies in order to exercise its role in preserving the union and the balance of powers within it while preserving the constitution and safeguarding its principles.
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