Issue 1

Table of Contents

1. 01
   Social Science Original Research pp. 1-23

   A Criterion for assessing Creative Thinking Skills in graduate projects among art education students

   Dara Aurahman, Jawad N. Hussein

   This research aims to prepare a criterion to assess the creative thinking skills of the students of Art Education Department- Stage four in the subject of Project- field of drawing at the College of Basic Education in Sulaimani University, aiming at being beneficial to the lecturers and evaluation committees of students’ products in the field of drawing. Based on the type and nature of the research, a descriptive method is applied. Since no general or specific criterion does exist in the evaluation of the projects, thus the researcher resorted to the general and specific objectives of Project subject. From this perspective, a criterion in a form of creative skills and general principles of drafting and criticism is established. Moreover, identification of creative skills from previous studies and resources in the field of art education, psychology of creativity, and art is set, including preparing (29) educational objectives which were primarily handed out through surveys to the experts in the field of education, Art, and measurement and evaluation, following receiving the opinions and suggestions addressed by the experts, changes were made in (9) of the objectives, (20) objectives were pointed to the criterion. In order to stabilize the criterion, it was applied to the initial samples of the same project in Art Education Department.The correlation value between the levels was also found by the Person correlation coefficient with a value between (0.20-0.50)

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2. 02
   Social Science Original Research pp. 24-38

   The Quranic story, its characteristics and goals

   Ibrahim Abdulbaqi Ibrahim

   This research entitled (the Quranic story, its characteristics and goals) is an analytical study on the story in the Holy Qur’an and its characteristics and determination. The first section includes the define of the story and the retelling in terms of language and terminology, then I have defined in the first part, the story in terms of language and terminology and the second part I have defined the retelling language in terms of language and terminology. In the second section, I have mentioned the characteristics of the story in the Qur’an and the most important that include: 1- Focusing on the aspects which includes lessons with a good intention, and to avoid the useless ones. 2- The disparity in showing in terms of long and short stories. 3- The lessons and the sermon are confined to show the Quranic stories, so remember separated. 4- Repeating the stories indicate eloquence and miraculous features. 5- Mental convincing, and in the stories of the Qur’an the privacy of dialogue, as dialogue is a means of convincing. 6- The story in the Qur’an is one of the most prominent meanings of miracles, in terms of telling it about the previous nations, which was not known. In the third section, I talked about the issue of repeating the story in the Qur’an and the benefit of that regarding the wisdom and perception of that. The fourth section is devoted to mentioning the goals of the Quranic story, such as proving creed and monotheism, confirming the benefits of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and mitigating the violate of his people, by mentioning the stories of the previous prophets, dissemination the guidance of religion and clarifying them, consolidating the basic rules of religion, refuting suspicions and replying them, with an indication of the fundamentals of the call to Allah, and keeping the remnants of the prophets alive and commemorating them, and the debating with the People of the Scripture with the argument in what they concealed including evidence and guidance, In conclusion, the most important results reached by research and recommendations were mentioned

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3. 03
   Social Science Original Research pp. 39-58

   Self-fragmentation among Yazidi women survivors of ISIS crimes

   Walid Khaled Baban, Bayan Ismail Muhammed

   The Yazidi community faced undesirable and distressing experiences because of the war that included physical and sexual violence under the control of the terrorist organization ISIS. Therefore, the researcher formulated several research objectives, which are: to examine the level of self-fragmentation among Yazidi women who have survived ISIS crimes, those who lived under the authority of (ISIS) and those who escaped and did not live under the control of (ISIS). The researcher selected a sample that consisted of (400) Yazidi women who survived, and intentionally applied two research instruments to the research sample, the researcher built the self-fragmentation scale. The researcher accomplished both the face validity and construction validity and used Spearman-Brown, Gitman, and Alpha-Cronbach equations for reliability. The data is analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research shows that The sample members have a fragmentation of the self, as well as the researcher found that there are differences in the fragmentation of the self according to the age variable and in favor of those under the age of forty years and there is a statistically significant difference in self-fragmentation between those who lived under the authority of ISIS and those who did not live under the authority of ISIS. Based on the current findings the researcher made several necessary recommendations and suggestions.

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4. 04
   Social Science Original Research pp. 59-77

   Measuring the impact of specific factors in improving the level of human development in Iraq during the period (1990-2020)

   Sazan Amir Rouf

   The subject of human development is one of the most important topics that occupies an important place in the economies of the countries of the world, which prompts the adoption of a correct and rational methodology to draw scientific conclusions and recommendations aimed at promoting and developing human development. and livelihood), and attention to these aspects constitutes an important part in the development plans of any country in order to create a strong base and a people with skilled labor, and investing in human capital has long-term positive benefits that are reflected on the individual in particular and on society in general, which shows that it is an important investment and the value of human investment. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which were: that health, educational and living human development indicators suffer from further deterioration, neglect and deterioration of their actual reality during the study period, and despite the presence of an improvement in the value of the human development index for Iraq, it is not in line with the reality of human development indicators In the country, the research ends with a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which are: the need to increase financial allocations in human capital investment, improve the health of individuals and improve their standard of living.

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5. 05
   Social Science Original Research pp. 78-105

   Changing the Aesthetic Taste in Two Modern Kurdish Songs

   Ashna Omar Hama Aziz, Nasser Hashim Baden, Sangar Qadir Sheikh Mohammed

   Human being always looking for changes and experiencing new things. Since the art directly connected to the social and psychological phenomena, the meaning of aesthetics keeps changing. Therefore, it is common to see that the individual constantly looks for new styles, abandoning the old music and songs. This study, Changing Aesthetic in Two Modern Kurdish Song, is analyzing the differences between the two selected songs within the last twenty years regarding text, melody, rhythm, and song. It highlights that to what extent the songs are connected to the aesthetic feeling of their times. The importance of this research is that it clarifying the aesthetic feeling in the Kurdish modern music and song, revealing that it is a principal issue that never should be neglected in any art criticism. Therefore, the study is about aesthetic in art in general and modern music and song in particular. In addition to the introduction, and abstract, the research is composed of three chapters. The first chapter is about the general structure of the research including the problem and the importance of the research, the goal of the research, the tools and the limits of the research, and the terminology. In the second chapter, the structure of the research divided into different subjects such as aesthetic feeling, Aesthetic types, change in the aesthetic feeling, and the introduction to the historical changes in the Kurdish song. The third part is devoted to the implementation if the outcomes of the research which is composed of illustration and analyzing the case studies, analyzing the text, and practical music. The research ends with the result and the list of resources.

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6. 06
   Social Science Original Research pp. 106-138

   Analyzing the impacts of the youth migration abroad (empirical study for a sample of young people who have migrated abroad)

   Idrees Sulaiman Abdullah, Muhammed Mustafa Braym

   Migration is a social phenomenon that has existed since ancient times, but in different ways and rates according to the economic and social conditions and geographical location of their place Therefore, the aim of this research is to learn more about the phenomenon of youth migration abroad, as well as identify the reasons and incentives that cause migration, what consequences and social and economic impact on society, the research is implemented on a sample of )162( people who had migrated abroad, and the survey form was used as the main tool to collect information about this study through the Google Form They are the main reasons for young people to migrate abroad, such as the desire to find work, as well as to improve their financial situation and secure the future of themselves and their families. They also have the opportunity to develop their personality and culture by using the modern educational facilities available in the country they are migrating to. In addition, migration has a significant impact on society, for example, reducing scientific skills in society, which reduces the possibility of development of society, as well as reducing the factors of productivity in society and lower productivity levels.

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7. 07
   Social Science Original Research pp. 139-171

   The effectiveness of the differentiated education strategy of Basic Grade Female students for acquiring the concepts

   Zahra Khusraw Ismail, Afrah Yassin Mohammed Al-Dabbagh

   The aim of this research was to identify the effectiveness of the differentiated education strategy in providing eighth grade students with the foundation of concepts and developing their cognitive curiosity. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated four main hypotheses, and the researcher used the experimental method for the two equal groups, with the pre and posttest, which requires the presence of two groups, one experimental and the other a control group. The researcher randomly chose two divisions of four divisions to represent the research sample, which is Division (D) to represent the experimental group, and Division (A) to represent the control group, which included (66) female students distributed over the experimental group of (33) students, and the control group with ( 33) female students, and the researcher studied the experimental group according to the strategy (differentiated education), while the researcher studied the control group according to the traditional (ordinary) method. Its final form consisted of (50) paragraphs, of the type of objective tests (multiple choice) and its number was (47) paragraphs, while the essay tests were (3) paragraphs, and The researcher distributed the paragraphs according to Bloom's cognitive levels (remembering, understanding, application, analysis) and according to their percentage in the specification table. The coefficient of ease, difficulty, discriminatory strength of the paragraphs and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives were extracted. The researcher also made sure of the validity and reliability of the test by using the Facrotbach coefficient and Crinbach’s alpha formula -20. . The value of the stability coefficient calculated by this equation was (0.89) for the test items. Among the most important findings of the researcher are the following: - There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (a = 0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in the acquisition of historical concepts test, in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results that the researcher has reached, she recommends the necessity of activating the differentiated education strategy in the educational process.

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8. 08
   Social Science Original Research pp. 172-187

   Rullah Abdullah al-Baytwati (d. 1381 AH) and his approach to Responding to Jewish and Christian suspicions about the Holy Quran Through his book (Achieving Islar)

   Ismail Muhammad Al-Qarni, Khaleel Hussain Noori

   This research airs to defend the Holy Qur'an, as it is one of the rost irportant objectives of opponents of Islar. There are countless suspicions directed at the Holy Qur'an, and this research seeks to refute ther all, with conclusive evidence fror the Qur'an and the Bible, and the approach followed in this research is the corparative analytical approach, the research is based on a review of what the opponents said about the Holy Quran, and then responds to it by looking at all the suspicions, and the research that we are dealing with, Rullah Abdullah Al-Baytwati and his rethod of responding to the suspicions of Jews and Christians about the Holy Quran through his book (Realization of Islar) The research has discussed all The spectrur of opponents of the recalcitrant, Jewish and Christian opponents, the researcher has concluded a set of results, the rost irportant of which are: It presents the life of a prorinent Kurdish figure, full of service and giving, Rullah Abdullah al-Baytwati, a scientist of Kurdish scholars, and contributed to the Islaric library with a set of letters, as well as the response of the research to the suspicions raised about the Holy Quran arong Jews and Christians and refutation of their suspicions, invoking including the book of al-Baytuati tagged with (Realization of Islar).

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9. 09
   Social Science Original Research pp. 188-220

   Pragmatic Failures in Movie Subtitles: The Case of Kurdish Subtitles of Treasure Island

   Barzan Sabah Muhammad, Ismail Abdulrahman Abdulla

   Pragmatic failures are critical in movie translation as they affect the message of the movie. Pragmatic failure refers to the mismatches that may occur between speakers’ intended meaning and translators’ constructed meaning. The paper aims to investigate the nature of pragmatic failures in translating movie subtitles from English into Kurdish. It attempts to identify the factors that cause pragmatic failures and find out the types of failures in the selected movie. The data of the study are taken from the transcripts of the English adventure movie Treasure Island which has been translated into Kurdish. The English source text and the Kurdish subtitles were compared to find out the types and identify the causes of pragmatic failures. The paper draws upon Thomas’s (1983) category to classify pragmatic failures. The results of the study show that both types of pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure are found in the movie which resulted from a lack of translator’s qualification in translation, a lack of pragmatic as well as cultural knowledge of both the source and target languages. It has also been found that pragmatic failures are failures of transferring speech acts from the source language to the target language that cause a lack of proper understanding of the source message. In other words, pragmatic failures are the result of mistranslation, under-translation, and over-translation errors which cause non-equivalency between the message in the source language and the one in the target language.

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10. 10
    Social Science Original Research pp. 221-262

    Patterns of Conversion in the Nominal Sentence in the Diwan of Ali Mahmoud Taha - A grammatical study

    Kawakb Kareem Gahfoor, Kubra Jalil Hussein

    This study seeks to reveal the patterns and images that the nominal sentence came to in the Diwan, showing the moral effect caused by the multiplicity of patterns. The method of transcription, and the study dealt with grammatical patterns as the ancient grammarians dealt with them, not as the modern transformationalists, for the ancient grammarians referred to the deep structure not by its term, but by its concept, which is the word (origin) or (analogy).

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper10 3 views Read article
11. 11
    Social Science Original Research pp. 263-294

    Using Kurdish Songs in the Piano Method

    Ahmed Nuradeen Taha, Ehsan Shaker Zalzala, Nareman Abdulla Kareem

    The nations of the world have paid attention to preserve their musical heritage in many fields, including education system and teaching music, and have used their musical heritage in their educational music programs, including the method of playing the piano which is the main aim of this research. Some of music composers have used popular and famous songs as an educational approach to teach the piano. Therefore, the researcher has selected some examples of famous Kurdish songs and used them for the beginner level. "Using Kurdish Songs in the Piano Method" is the combination of Kurdish song heritage with a very important instrument of music, which has a very important and influential role in the art of music in general, in the process of music education in particular. In this regard, this study uses Kurdish song heritage as an educational model for piano playing at the beginning level for adults. Many studies confirm that pieces of music and exercises that use the melodies of traditional and popular songs are the best teaching materials for teaching music. It also helps music learners to know their music heritage and it can strengthen their cultural identity as well.

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12. 12
    Social Science Original Research pp. 295-320

    Managmet system of the Parthian State (250BC-224AD)

    Hilmi Rasool Redha, Ibrahim Abdulla Ahmad

    This research entitled (Managmet system of the Parthian State) (250BC-224AD) emphasizes on asoects of administration as well as various aspects of ruling the country. The current research consists of three main parts and a separate list of resources. The first part includes the system of governance and management and the military, which first examines the concept of management and the military, which first examines the concept of management and then explains the system of governance and how to manage the country, then examines the military structure of the Parthians. The second part explains the social and economic system, ehich means it tries to explain the social structure of that ear and then the economic management. Finally, the third part examines the judicial system and laws and how to issue judgments, and then the religious system and religions of the Parthians.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper12 1 views Read article
13. 13
    Social Science Original Research pp. 321-347

    Evaluation of the efficiency of educational services in the city of Khabat (a study in the geography of services)

    Hoshmand Jawhar Abbas, Fatimah Qader Mustafa

    main factor in the change towards the future and the transition from backwardness to progress. It is directly related to man's efficiency, skill and ability to produce work. Education is one of the important indicators that reflects the ability of individuals to think in an organized manner and to bring about some economic, social, and cultural changes that lead to progress and prosperity, without which urbanization would not have been able to develop, and the city would also develop experiences and flourish in education. It is noted that the higher the educational level, the higher the productive efficiency, the higher the income level, and the higher the demand for education at all stages, and this has resulted in an increase in economic and political development. Education is rooted in civilization and is a means of wealth and energy and a manifestation of government services, and is the basis for preparing the individual to become a useful building block in society.

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14. 14
    Social Science Original Research pp. 348-372

    The Value of Love in a sociological Point of View

    Didar Kamal Raouf, Najat mhamad Faraj

    Love as an accepted value in the community is reflected in the importance of being together and conserving society and family, because of its importance, it is continually studied by researchers and sociologists, due to the sociologists focus on an important regard of society, which is the family, the family, like any of the important systems of society, has undergone changes due to changes in social life and the rise of technology and family, like each significant social system of society that has faced changes due to the development of social life and the emergence of technology, and the role and status of the family has been included in this changes, so family also faced change, and this has led sociologists to say that the changes that have affected family relations, especially the relationships between spouses, have gone towards materialism and fading, and love has not been far from it as a feeling, and therefore domestic violence in the family has currently increased and more common than ever before.

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15. 15
    Social Science Original Research pp. 373-396

    The role of water resources in tourism development in Halsho district

    Azhin anwar yusif, Chnar mahmood ibrahim, hushyar Ibrahim Mina, Pishtiwan Shafiq Ahmad

    Water is considered one of the most important requirements of life and is the source of life. It has been given an important place in the map and policies of states in today's world. Water is also an important tool for policy, economic, and demographic mapping. There is no doubt that the water consumption center will develop in the future and the population's demand for water will increase. With the development of civilization, industry, and modern life, water plays an important role in the emergence and development of the most important economic activity of the population today. This study is dedicated to identifying the impact between water resources and tourism activities in Halsho district. The importance of this research is that it presents the relationship and impact of water resources on tourism activities in a scientific and detailed manner through the use of several maps to illustrate the relationship between this natural resource and tourism activities. The main objectives of this research are to highlight the role of water resources in how to develop tourism and to discuss a new and modern mechanism for further benefits of water resources in Halsho district. This research consists of three main parts: the first is about water resources in the sub-district, which discusses the surface and groundwater resources of the study area; the second part is about the concept of development, and its types and principles for tourism in Halsho Sub-district are presented. We have reached several conclusions from this study, including: 1- Halsho sub-district is one of the areas that are rich in groundwater resources, and the Saraw of Halsho springs has become the basis for the creation of tourist areas and attracts tourists. 2- The appearance and existence of several tourist areas in Halsho sub-district indicate that the study area is moving towards tourism, because only in the center of the sub-district there are about 16 tourism projects and 191 tourism bowers. Finally, several suggestions and recommendations are presented in order to develop the tourism sector in Halsho sub-district.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper15 1 views Read article
16. 16
    Social Science Original Research pp. 397-418

    A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Ironic Expressions in English and Kurdish

    Thana`a Hasan Saeed, Abdul-Nafi Khidhir Hasan

    This paper, which is part of the requirements of an MA degree, is entitled "A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Ironic Expressions in English and Kurdish." It provides further insight into the sociolinguistic application of irony. Irony, which is categorized into verbal and situational is when something that was expected to have a specific result instead of results in a completely different or opposite outcome. The paper argues that expressing one thing while implying another is not always irony. In some instances, the ironic statement alludes to the fact that the idea being refuted is what underlies the truth of a situation, a claim, or a previous way of thinking. Data on Kurdish irony are gathered through observation and are explained in English, while data on English ironic expressions are collected from the corpus of English including books and online sources. The investigation of the topic is conducted using a descriptive methodology. Each sort of irony is described and illustrated, and the figurative connotation in both languages is also emphasized. The main objective of the study is to clarify the figurative meaning of irony in the two languages. The most significant findings comprise first, that irony has a positive connotation in literal contexts while it has a negative connotation in figurative contexts. Second, figurative language, which is frequently used in communication, contains irony. Additionally, ironic expressions are italicized in both languages.

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17. 17
    Social Science Original Research pp. 419-443

    The nature of the relations between Turkey and the European Union In the light of illegal immigration

    Choman Namq Hamad, Shamal Hussain Mustafa

    Illegal immigration is one of the long-term and complex problems between Turkey and EU countries. Turkey always been one of the countries because of the historical background of the Ottoman Empire, has been able to resist the dominance of other countries. Turkey with one of the world's strongest economies, has become an obstacle to the European Union, turkey's geopolitical and geostrategic position has made it a regional and international country. It means that part of its success and the political games he plays derived from all its different poles. After Turkey's disappointment with membership in the European Union, and after the rapid changes in the regional equation, especially after the events of the Arab Spring, collapse of the entire political and security system in part of the Middle East, particularly Syria and Iraq, Turkey embraced a new strategy for self-protection and spreading its hegemony. In this regard, the issue of migrants was one of the biggest card of Turkey towards the European Union. However, this issue in several occasions put on the dialogue table. This research is an attempt to introduce the issue of migrants and the refugee agreement between Turkey and the European Union. We will present an assessment of the 2016 Migrant Agreement and the outcome of the agreement.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper17 1 views Read article
18. 18
    Social Science Original Research pp. 444-463

    Reasons for Youth Migration abroad in the Light of Migration Theories It is an analytical Theoretical Study

    Redar Izzadin Kanabi, Aram Ibrahim Husem

    Youth migration is a phenomenon in most developed and poor societies, as well as societies that suffer from lack of job opportunities, adequate rights, corruption, political and security instability The aim of this study is to identify the reasons for the migration of young people abroad in the Kurdistan Region for nearly a decade, especially the migration of young people Illumination of migration theories. The most important results of this study are: Lack of adequate job opportunities and adequate rights is one of the reasons for youth migration, and expect another reason for migration among young people, migrant networks through social networks have a great impact on youth migration Another reason for young people to migrate is to increase their family income.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper18 2 views Read article
19. 19
    Social Science Original Research pp. 464-498

    The Climate elements impact upon the expansion the stages morphology of Akre city

    Omar Abdul Samih Mohammed, Sana Abdul Baqy Baker

    The aim this paper is to determine the climate elements factors such as sunlight, temperature, wind, rain and humidity impact on the stages of morphology in Akre and the development and expansion of this city under the influence of climate. The parts of the city, and the climate elements have played a significant role in the formation of morphology in Aker, and the characteristics of the climate have a direct and positive relationship with the planning and stages of morphology in Akre, and some parts of Akre, and Suitable for the climatic situation of the place. The study also includes a field visit to receive more and analyze the composition of Akre, the research consists of the first topic expansion in morphology of Akre, the second topic of the current structure and the future of the city, and the third topic climate elements impact on the morphology of akre, with some conclusion and suggestion.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper199 1 views Read article
20. 20
    Social Science Original Research pp. 499-521

    The exposure level media teachers for the news (eight o'clock PM) of Kurdish television channels

    Yahya Omer Fatah, Mahdi Abdullah Hasan

    The aim of this research is to understand the idea and direction of the media instructors for the news at 8:00PM in the Kurdish Satellite Channels. The majority of the viewers of the satellite channels pay more attention to the news at 8:00 PM, as the habit of the international channels. The Kurdish satellite channels solicitude to the news of 8:00 PM. The Kurdish channels are preparing special news covering and the companies that are working in the economic fields are emphasizing on showing their advertisements at 8:00 PM news as it is considered as Golden Time by some of the Media Analysts. This research is considered as descriptive research and depends on media theory (Media Tools) and relies on questionnaire forms as a used tool in the research. In the end, the researchers concluded some outcomes such as; decrease the percentage of the News and TV viewers in general as there are alternatives for the Satellite channels. There are some kinds of debate during watching the news at 8:00 PM among family members and, friends and on the other side with the sample of the research, the mass majority of this research samples come first to follow the Political news, then Miscellaneous news, Economy news and then the social news. Most of the research samples show that the Kurdish channels are not alternative for the other news resources

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper20 1 views Read article
21. 21
    Social Science Original Research pp. 522-548

    The living conditions of foreign workers: a field study in Erbil city.

    Kamaran abdulla Mustafa, Izaddin Abdalsamad Rasool

    The Kurdistan Region is in the stage of economic development in various sectors, and sometimes economic development requires labor. Allowing and bringing foreign labor depends partly on how much the local labor fulfills the needs of the Kurdistan Region, bringing foreign workers sometimes is discussed as critical by the authorities, despite the lack of employment and local labor, but it is allowed to bring foreign labor, foreign workers have a number of social dimensions, which may affect their living conditions. This study aims to determine the living conditions of foreign workers in Erbil. The research method is quantitative method through the use of questionnaire tool, (381) foreign workers in male and female gender were taken as the study’s sample. Then analyzing the data with the use of the program (SPSS), we came to the conclusion that foreign workers in Erbil feel comfortable and safe, cultural differences have not become a problem and obstacle in front of them regarding religion and food, and they quickly adapt to the culture of Kurdistan Region. Foreign workers are more likely to have no social security and have been asked for inappropriate work, The male faces more social, psychological, healthy, economical, and legal problems than the female. Finally, some suggestion and recommendation have been presented to the related parties and the researches that will be done after this research.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper21 2 views Read article
22. 22
    Social Science Original Research pp. 548-569

    Educational and schooling thought in Piramerd's Poetic Proverbs

    Hamanwri Omer Kaki, Sdiq Aurahman Ali

    Proverbs are product of each society's thoughts and views on phenomena and events and their worldview for the future, which have appeared as a result of the experiences of enlightened people and the whole of society has participated in expressing and formulating them. Among them, the poetic proverbs which are the work of experienced and wise persons that generated them, and afterwards became the property of society which have an important value for any subject and purpose, that we want to know the people's opinion about. In the view of importance of poetic proverbs and their impact on education, this study investigates Piramerd's Poetic Proverbs entitled (Educational and schooling thought in Piramerd's Poetic Proverbs). Piramerd looks for importance of education in the view of Kurdish society in that era and importance of education in Kurdish proverb in particular, what was the status of education at that time? What was the desired trend of education? The study consists of two sections: the first section includes the concept of proverb, poetic proverb, and the importance of education and the role of educational proverbs. In the second section, on the basis of warning, avoidance, instructions, guidelines, objectives of the poetic proverbs and their contents are explained and shedding light on their aims; thereafter, the perspectives and worldviews are identified. Finally, the results are showed.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper22 1 views Read article
23. 23
    Social Science Original Research pp. 570-595

    The Effect strategic administration of the activists and the advanced organization has developed on the development of divergent thinking in the subject of history by the readers of the social science department.

    Sherzad Ali Ahmed, Salam Abdulkarim Abdullah, Karim Ahmad Aziz

    The aim of this study is to determine the effect strategic impact of cognitive activators and advanced organizations on the development of divergent thinking thinking about history among social science students The research subject is the students of the Department of Social Sciences. The research option is the second year students of the Department of Social Sciences. The researcher chose this stage for two reasons The researcher used an experimental design for thirty balanced groups, the first experimental group being the subject of Kurdish history in the Middle Ages The second experimental group received the subjects according to the strategy of advanced organizations. The third group received the subjects according to the normal strategy Out of (57) students, each group has (19) students and researchers A construct for long-term thinking with the number of items was (30) items of questions at (6) levels of questions The following conclusions: Cognitive activation strategies are a successful way to teach history. According to the strategy of advanced organizations, it is successful and effective for the subject of history among the students of the department of social sciences and the development of Divergent thinking.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper23 1 views Read article
24. 24
    Social Science Original Research pp. 596-625

    Taking the natural geography book of the eleventh grade of high school under the light of the general quality measurements in the view of teachers and expert supervisors.

    Ayoub Khosrow Nadir, Hallat Rasheed Abdullah, Aso Salam Majid

    This research is to build a scale for evaluating the natural geography book of high school under the light of general quality criteria. Knowing theextentof having a general quality measure in the geography book of the11th grade of literary readings in the eyes of teachers and expert supervisors, according to the gender change (male and female) General quality in the booklet to achieve these goals, the researcher used the method of description and analysis as an example of the research which was made in (70) teachers and supervisors of geography in male and female gender All three educations in the east and west of Sulaimaniyah and Chamchamal education for the school year (2021-2022), which were selected in a symbolic way, research tools Which consisted of a survey form consisting of 86 sections, which was divided into (7) items, and this was the benefit of the previous research. The researcher after preparing the tool and directing it The truth and stability of using Person's partner in the rate of (0.815) then the researcher also performed it on the example of the research, after analyzing and presenting the survey to Using Person's co-ordination, appropriate center, Test (T.test) after being certain of the truth, the researcher used the(spss) statistical program. Finally, the researcher reached the goals that each (7) sections of the 11th grade natural geography book which are (objective, they were (aim, art, activity, motivation, teaching, language, subject, content) and they were not accepted.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper24 2 views Read article
25. 25
    Social Science Original Research pp. 626-650

    Investigating EFL Instructors’ Use of Oral Corrective Feedback Types in the Classrooms

    Pshtiwan Mustafa Qadir, Niaz Muhsin Aziz

    This study investigates EFL university instructors’ understanding and conceptualization of oral corrective feedback (OCF) vis-à-vis their teaching peculiarities. Participants in the current study involve 140 EFL instructors from various colleges and faculties with various specialities in universities in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Among them, 87 participants were males and 53 participants were females, and they aged between 23 and 60. The instrument used in this study for data collection includes questionnaires, which have been adopted from previous research (e.g., Fukuda, 2004; Park, 2010; Yüksel et al., 2021). The results show that most of the participants tend to yield OCF moderately, and a considerable number of the instructors would correct students’ oral errors quite often. Moreover, the instructors tend to orient to global errors more than local errors. The instructors also would practice delayed OCF more often than immediate OCF. Furthermore, the most frequently deployed strategies involve clarification requests and recast for grammatical errors and recast and metalinguistic feedback for both phonological and lexical errors. Finally, the main source of providing feedback is the teacher.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper25 2 views Read article
26. 26
    Social Science Original Research pp. 651-669

    The Method of Russian Orientalists for Research in Kurdish Literature

    Mohammed Ahmed Hasan

    Our research entitled (The Method of Russian Orientalists for Research in Kurdish Literature) is an attempt to study the critical method they have followed for research in Kurdish literature. In this study we want to answer several questions: What was the research method of these orientalists for Kurdish literature? What are the scientific values of research methods? What is the significance of these studies for the history of Kurdish literature? Our study consists of two main parts. The first part, entitled Origin and History of Orientalism, consists of three topics. First topic; what is orientalism? It is an attempt to interpret the terms and concepts of Orientalism. The second topic is entitled History and Development of Orientalism. In this section we have interpreted the history of orientalism emergence. This section is a theoretical section. The second part is called the Method of Russian Orientalists. It consists of two topics. The first topic is the identification of the research methods of Russian orientalists, and the second topic is the scientific value of these methods. This practical section exemplifies the research of orientalists such as Abkarovich Urbili, E. A. Smirnova, Zare Osb, E. Yi Vasilyeva, M. S. Lazarev, M. B. Rodinko, and Alexander Zhaba. Finally, the results of our research are defined in several points, with a list of sources according to the Harvard system.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper26 1 views Read article
27. 27
    Social Science Original Research pp. 670-690

    Recording the Sunnah and the orientalists' suspicions about it - a critical study

    Jawdat Anwer Majeed, Othman Muhammad Gareeb

    Suspicions regarding the Prophet’s Sunnah and its codification are numerous, including those of the Orientalists. Considering that the Prophet’s Sunnah is the second source of Islamic legislation, it is necessary to respond and eliminate any suspicion raised so as to prevent the realization of those malicious aspirations. From this viewpoint, I provide an overview of Orientalism at the beginning of my paper, delving into the reason for their interest in creating suspicions about the Sunnah and its codification. I have devoted the first chapter to discuss the stages of codifying the Prophet's Sunnah, by clarifying it in three stage, as the codification of the Prophet's Sunnah passed through three stages, namely: the stage of codification during the Prophet's era, then the codification during the era of the Companions, and then the codification during the era of the followers Also known as Al-Tabeen. In the second chapter, I define suspicion and the term Orientalism linguistically and as an idiomatic concept, then I mention a group of suspicions raised by the Orientalists and address them. Finally, the paper concludes, through this modest research, the importance of responding to the suspicions of the Orientalists about the codification of the Prophet's Sunnah, and that silence and failure to respond to their suspicions increases the gravity of these suspicions, especially in this age, where there is great exposition, many views, and abundant suspicions raised about Islam as a religion, and about the Sunnah and The Prophet as a reliable source in this true religion.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper27 1 views Read article
28. 28
    Social Science Original Research pp. 691-712

    The efforts of the scholar Abdel Fattah Abu Ghuddah in preserving Islamic brotherhood by presenting the message "Intimacy among Muslims"

    Shamal Abdul Muammad

    The Islamic scholars have made wonderful efforts to clarify the religious texts and guide Muslims, some of whom we know their names and lives generation after generation, such as the four Imams and others, and some of them are known very little, and this is contained throughout the Islamic World, we are familiar with many of these scholars that we do not know much information about them. Sheikh Abdel Fattah is also known for his writings and works in the scientific area, and in a certain scope, however, should search and work for his heritage to contribute to the knowledge of his life and efforts more, and when I reviewed the writings of him, I have found that he has written in varied topics. Among them, I saw the works of the Sheikh in his message of "Intimacy among Muslims" and a message also about (Imamate-the Leadership). I took the work, and began to read it carefully, so I looked between the corridors of its lines, and entered into the depth of its words, and realized that there are written words spoken clearly. However, there are veiled wishes that are not spoken, which the reader feels contemplation and reflection, such as his love for the unity of Muslims, and respect for the opposite, these issues have taken their place in my heart, especially in our days when we are in dire need to reconsider our attitudes towards opponents of Muslims, as well as our need to have the morals of the scholars of the Salaf (our ancestors) when disagreeing, and not to allow the difference to turn into conflict and accuse the opposite, the unfortunate thing that we see in our days with our own eyes, and therefore we chose the aforementioned title to be a step and an attempt to stop what we see today of the misbehavior of some Muslims towards their fellow Muslims because of their differences in matters in which the difference is justified.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper28 2 views Read article
29. 29
    Social Science Original Research pp. 713-747

    A Geographical Analysis of the Parties’ Votes in the Electoral Districts of Kurdistan Region for the 2021 Election of the Council of Representatives of Iraq

    Pshtiwan Ahmed Hamad, Yadgar Abdullah Ali

    The geography of election investigates the results of election, the distribution of electoral circles, voters, census, voter registration, electoral law, and any other geographical factors that directly or indirectly affect the election process. This type of geography is to analyze the voting for the participating parties and candidates in the process. The significance of the present paper is due to its investigation of the election which was brought forward and was a response to the requirements of Iraqi 2021 protests. Additionally, for the first time, it was held in the system of multiple electoral circles in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The election also witnessed a change in the number of circles to reflect greater geographical representation. Consequently, the study explores the influence of changes in the number of election circles on the whole process, people’s participation rate, the voting distribution for the parties, and the difference between each circle’s boundaries and the related areas. Additionally, the study aims at identifying the feasibility of having multiple circles system in the elections and analyzing the increase and decrease trends of the voters’ voting to the participated parties, the parties’ parliament seats, and how these votes are and will be distributed. To analyze the data, the researchers used both spatial and analytical analysis methods. The research findings reveal that a large number of people (48%) did not go to vote on the election day, the number of spoilt ballots was considerably high, and in the system of multiple electoral territories, there is more geographical representation and equality.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper29 3 views Read article
30. 30
    Social Science Original Research pp. 748-771

    The role of media spokespersons of official institutions in the Kurdistan Region in crisis management, from the perspective of journalists and teachers of the media department

    Gashaw Ali Faraj, Abdulkhaliq Ibrahim Mustafa, Mansoor Nooruddin Hassan

    This research aims to shed light on the role of media spokesmen of official institutions in the Kurdistan Region during critical periods. The research consists of a descriptive approach while it has used a survey method including a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The latter was designed via the survey administration software Google Forms whereas its link was distributed in a group chat containing journalists from the Kurdistan Region. The questionnaire reached 70 responses. The most important findings in the current study are related to the research samples claiming that the news and information conveyed by the spokesmen from official institutions were ineffective. In addition, the research findings also display that the spokesmen have played a weak role in managing critical periods in Kurdistan Region.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper30 1 views Read article
31. 31
    Social Science Original Research pp. 772-792

    Financial Reporting Quality’s Moderating Effects on The Relationship Between External Auditing Practices and Firm Performance During a Decline in Covid-19

    Omran M. Rashid Abdulqadir, Bayar Ali Ismael

    This research article explores the moderating role of financial reporting quality in the relationship between external auditing practices and firm performance during a decline in the COVID-19 pandemic. Using 212 questionnaire responses from small to medium manufacturing companies situated in industrious locations in Erbil, Erbil Industrial Zone, Erbil Free Zone, Sheikh Choly Industrial Area, and Qushtapa Industrial Area of Kurdistan, a structural equation model was estimated. The study findings are threefold and have advanced empirical ideas by highlighting that (1) the adoption of external practices has a significant effect on financial reporting quality and an insignificant positive effect on firm performance, (2) the adoption of financial reporting quality has a significant positive effect on firm performance and (3) financial reporting quality has a moderating effect on the relationship between external auditing practices and firm performance during a decline in Covid-19. The findings contribute to the advancement of the Principal-Agent Theory by providing empirical evidence on how external auditing practices influence financial reporting quality, aligning with the expectations of agency theory. It enriches the theoretical understanding of how monitoring mechanisms impact the agent’s behavior in the principal-agent relationship. To enhance firm performance, the findings suggest that it is important for firms to recognize the link between financial reporting quality and firm performance and allocate resources and efforts to improve reporting practices accordingly.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper31 2 views Read article
32. 32
    Social Science Original Research pp. 793-816

    Irrational Ideation and its Connection to the view point of Taking Risks Within Prisoners In The Erbil Governorate Center

    Nashmil Mohammed Yuosif, Lamya Kamal Abdula

    Irrational thoughts and risk-taking tendencies are a serious problem. When a person has these traits or behaviors, it can lead to the destruction of the individual, as well as the collapse of society and its lack of development. These traits can also have a negative impact on other individuals, especially children and adolescents. The current study aimed to examine the level of irrational thoughts and risk-taking tendencies among prisoners, as well as the relationship between these two variables. The study sample consisted of 154 male and female prisoners. The results showed that the prisoners did not have high levels of irrational thoughts. However, they did have a moderate level of risk-taking tendencies. There was no significant difference in the level of irrational thoughts or risk-taking tendencies between males and females. There was also no significant difference in the level of these two variables according to age. The results of the study suggest that prisoners may be more likely to engage in risky behaviors than the general population. However, it is important to note that the study sample was relatively small, and further research is needed to confirm these findings.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper32 1 views Read article
33. 33
    Social Science Original Research pp. 817-827

    A comparative study to evaluate the performance of the short passing and receiving skills in handball players The youth of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah clubs

    Ibrahim Mohammed Mustafa, Hawkar Kakil Rashid, Mohammed Qadir Hama Rash

    There is no doubt that the handball game is one of the sports that develops the level of skillful performance of its players at the level of Iraqi clubs, and the Erbil and Sulaymaniyah clubs are among the clubs that are interested in the game of handball and who have been within the elite clubs for several years in Iraq due to the presence of a broad base of players at levels Young, junior and advanced, In order to identify the most important differences in the level of performance of the handling and handball skills of the young players in the two clubs, the researcher used the descriptive approach using the causal comparison method, and in which special tests were determined to evaluate the performance of the short passing skills and receiving handball of the players. As for the research sample, it consisted of youth players from Erbil and Sulaymaniyah clubs, and their number was (20) players, with (10) players for each club, and the researcher relied on a set of devices and tools for the purpose of conducting tests and obtaining raw grades after conducting the tests approved by the gentlemen. Experts and specialists. After conducting the statistical process by means of the (spss) program, the results showed a convergence of the level in my tests (compatibility and speed of passing, pass-through) between the youth players of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah clubs, and the presence of significant differences in the test (prolonged throwing of the ball) between the players of the youth of the two clubs, and in favor of the youth club players Erbil, and the researchers recommended the necessity of conducting an assessment of the performance level of all basic handball skills, and the necessity of evaluating the performance level of basic handball skills for all youth club players in the region and comparing them with the players of advanced youth clubs in Iraq.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper33 1 views Read article
34. 34
    Social Science Original Research pp. 828-859

    Level of Teaching Performance and Relationship with The Teaching Profession Among Teachers of Koya University

    Sebar Rzgar Razaq

    The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the level of teaching performance and teaching profession among teachers of Koya University. (90) teachers participated randomly from different departments of the faculty of Education. Two data collection tools were used, the first measuring the level of teaching performance, and the second to measure the teachers' attitudes toward teaching profession The reliability of the first instrument was (0.75), and for the second was (0.74). The research used statistical software (SPSS) to analyze the data. The result showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of teaching performance and teachers' attitudes toward teaching profession. finally, several recommendations and suggestions were presented.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper34 1 views Read article
35. 35
    Social Science Original Research pp. 860-878

    Use of Kurdish poem, melody and songs in funeral and condolence ceremonies

    Chiey Kamal Saadi

    This investigation concentrates on the role and use of poem, melody and songs in the funeral ceremonies, through a critical scientific presentation and study based on historical aspects. By comparing and showing the positive and negative aspects of the art of singing in the condolence, through three main themes and several branches such as: The first content: Giving of the problem, importance and objectives of the research, identification of the scope of the research and definition of concepts. The second content: It is about presenting the content of the research and identifying the titles of the research which includes the following: Start with a historical look at poetic melody and texts in the condolence ceremonies (Shiwan, Shin and Lawanawa). To determine the origin and extent of the phenomenon through the Kurdish nation. Then, through the analysis of the concepts and definitions of music, poem, Shin, Lawanawa and Shiwan. We have presented the structure and methods of performing these customs, traditions and cultures. After this, identified the forms of this ceremony by giving examples of (Cotal and Chamari). Through the manner in which actions are taken on funerals. At the end of this section, commenced to compare and importance these people. We have briefly discussed Shin and Lawanawa and its practice by Christians. In the third content, presented some of the results of our research, with some suggestions and recommendations for other collaborator and researchers in the field of art in general, song and music in particular, as a clarification for encouraging and conducting similar research.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper35 2 views Read article
36. 36
    Social Science Original Research pp. 879-892

    Genocide and the Assimilation of the Faylee Kurds from Zygmunt Bauman's perspective

    Dilshad Sabri Ali

    This paper is a methodological analysis research which uses sociological theory, employing Zygmunt Bauman's view of modern genocide - especially the Holocaust - to analyse the process of the Faylee Kurd genocide. The Holocaust undoubtedly manifested distinctive features of modern society, and it reproduced structural sources of genocide that go back many centuries. Some of the main aims of acts of genocide will be discussed, particularly the example of the assimilation and erasure of the Faylee Kurds' identity. These elements are the product of a mentality that is not able to understand modernity and its multiplicities, yet nevertheless, at the same time, one that uses modern tools and systems for genocidal purposes. This paper attempts to show the relationship between the kind of modern mentality in the Middle East that has dominated 'the Iraqi Ba'ath Party' and the Kurdish genocide. It will consider, for example, the efforts of 'the Ba'ath Party' to implement this mentality to ensure that Kurds like the Faylee, who revolted and did not want to accept the hegemony of 'the Ba'ath Party,' would be neutralised and destroyed. This study explores Bauman’s intended warnings that the dangers of Holocaust-type actions and outcomes are still present. After the invasion of Iraq by the United States (US) and its allies in 2003, the Iraqi authorities and regional states continued their policy of extermination and cleansing of the Kurdistan population in general and the Kurdish nation in particular. Such intentions can be seen in the genocide of Yezidi Kurds by ISIS, supported by Arabism and extremism.

    10.26750/Vol(11).No(1).Paper36 1 views Read article