Evaluation of Water Quality and the Efficiency of Ifraz-2 Water treatment plant-Units
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26750/paperKeywords:
Water treatment plant, Drinking water, Turbidity, Performance, Evaluation, Improvement.Abstract
Abstract:
Water treatment plant (WTP) is essential for providing clean and safe water to the habitants. There is a necessity to evaluate the performance of (WTP) for proper treatment of raw water. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the quality of treated water by investigating the performance of Ifraz-2 (WTP) units located in Erbil City, Iraq. For assessment of the (WTP) units, samples were taken for a duration of five months from different locations: raw water (the source), post-clarification processes, post-filtration processes, and from the storage tank. Removal efficiencies for the units, and for the whole (WTP) were calculated and presented. Obtained removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit; filtration unit; and the entire Ifraz-2 (WTP) were 91.51 %, 64.71 %, and 97.29 %, respectively. After the process of disinfection and storage, the valued of the turbidity of the treated water were ranged from 1.2 to 9.7 (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) NTU. Besides, water quality index (WQI) for the (WTP) was studied and calculated for 14 physicochemical water quality parameters. WQI for Ifraz-2 (WTP) was 51.87 and it is regarded as a good level. Also, operational problems have been detected and reported during the research period, especially during sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Suitable solutions have been reported to the operational team.
References
American Public Health Association (APHA), 2005, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
ANGRENI, E. 2009. Review on optimization of conventional drinking water treatment plant. World Applied Sciences Journal, 7, 1144-1151.
AZIZ, S. Q. Treatment of greater-Zab water by direct filtration. Thirteenth International Water Technology Conference, 2009. Citeseer.
BARUTH, E. E. 2005. Water Treatment Plant Design (; American Water Works Association, and American Society of Civil Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill.
BRANDT, M. J., JOHNSON, K. M., ELPHINSTON, A. J. & RATNAYAKA, D. D. 2016. Twort's Water Supply, Butterworth-Heinemann.
CRITTENDEN, J. C., TRUSSELL, R. R., HAND, D. W., HOWE, K. J. & TCHOBANOGLOUS, G. 2012. MWH's water treatment: principles and design, John Wiley & Sons.
DAVIS, M. L. 2010. Water and wastewater engineering, McGraw-Hill.
DELPHOS, P. J. & WESNER, G. M. 2005. Mixing, coagulation, and flocculation. Water treatment plant design.
DOOSTI, M., KARGAR, R. & SAYADI, M. 2012. Water treatment using ultrasonic assistance: A review. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2, 96.
FRANK, R. 2003. Spellman Handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operation.
FOELLMI, S. N. 2004. INTAKE FACILITIES. In: EDWARD E, B. (ed.) Water Treatment Plant Design. Fourth Edition ed. New York: McGRAW-HILL
HUSSAIN, S., MANE, V., TAKDE, S., PATHAN, A. & FAROOQUI, M. 2011. Comparison between Treated and Untreated water so as to study water treatment plant of Ahmadpur dist. Latur, Maharashtra.
ISSA, H. M. 2017. Evaluation of water quality and performance for a water treatment plant: Khanaqin city as a case study. Journal of Garmian University, 3, 802-821.
ISSA, H. M. & ALRWAI, R. A. 2018. Long-term Drinking Water Quality Assessment Using Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Three Water Treatment Plants of Erbil City, Iraq. UKH Journal of Science and Engineering, 2, 39-48.
JAHANSHAHI, M. & TAGHIZADEH, M. M. 2018. Pre-sedimentation tank effects on water treatment unit operation. EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality, 28, 35-42.
KHAN, A. A. & AHMAD, S. K. 2018. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT AT NANGLOI, NEW DELHI: A CASE STUDY IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
LIN, S. D. & LEE, C. C. 2007. Water and wastewater calculations manual, Mcgraw-hill New York.
MAHINGE, A. S. & KHEDIKAR, I. P. 2016. Performance Evaluation of Water Treatment Plant at Midc Hingna, Nagpur: A Case Study in India IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, 04.
MISHERA, A., AND KADU, P. 2014. Performance Evaluation of Water Treatment Plant at Yavatmal (MS): Case Study. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 2, pp. 455-458
MOHAMMED, A. A. & SHAKIR, A. A. 2012. Evaluation the Performance of Al-wahdaa Project Drinking Water Treatment plant: A case Study in Iraq. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, 1, 130-138.
RAMAKRISHNAIAH, C., SADASHIVAIAH, C. & RANGANNA, G. 2009. Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India. Journal of Chemistry, 6, 523-530.
SEFIE, A., ARIS, A. Z., RAMLI, M. F., NARANY, T. S., SHAMSUDDIN, M. K. N., SAADUDIN, S. B. & ZALI, M. A. 2018. Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment of the multilayered aquifer in Lower Kelantan Basin, Kelantan, Malaysia. Environmental earth sciences, 77, 397.
SHAREEF, K. M. & MUHAMAD, S. G. 2008. Natural and drinking water quality in Erbil, Kurdistan. Current World Environment, 3, 227-238.
TOMA, J. J. 2013. Evaluating Raw and treated water quality of Greater Zab River within Erbil city by index analysis. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational
and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS).
VIEIRA, P., ALEGRE, H., ROSA, M. & LUCAS, H. 2008. Drinking water treatment plant assessment through performance indicators. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, 8.
WANG, L. K., HUNG, Y.-T. & SHAMMAS, N. K. 2005. Physicochemical treatment processes, Springer.
WHO 2011. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO chronicle, 38, 104-8.
