The Religious Attendance and Political Participation in Kurdistan Region
A Sociopolitical Research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26750/paperKeywords:
دینداریی, بهشداریی سیاسی, شێوهکانی بهشدارییAbstract
Abstract Studies in the western countries have shown that political participation has a very strong correlation with religious tendency.Those who are members of religious institutions or those who go to pray in their holly sites tend to be more active politically and
become members of civil society compare to those who do not have religious tendency.
While in the eastern countries, there have been studies that prove the more religious people are, the less politically active they are.
This study, tries to explore the relation between religious tendency and political participation in Kurdistan region of Iraq.
The quantitative data have been collected in the cities of Erbil, Sulemani and Duhok with the sample of 354 cases who have been
chosen in multi-stage randomly. Gender, Age, Education level, and social status were among the measurement that was used along
with 19 more questions on political participation and religious tendency in the questioner. The study found that participants’
religiosity is negatively correlated with their political participation, the type and direction of the relation between two variables,
does not change depending on the forms of the political participation.
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Putnam, Robert D. (2000) Bowling Alone the colloapse and revival of American community, Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, New York.
Radu, Bogdan (2016) Religious determinants of political participation in poland and Romania: A research note, Journal of Europolis, Vol. 10. No.1, pp. 111 – 123.
Sallach, L. David, Babchuk,Nicholas and Booth, Alan (1972) Social Involvement and Political Activity: Another View, Social Science Quarterly, Wiley, Vol. 52, No. 4 (MARCH, 1972), pp. 879-892.
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Smidt, Corwin (1999) Religion and Civic Engagement: A Comparative Analysis, American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 565, Civil Society and Democratization (Sep., 1999), pp. 176-192.
Sarkissan, Ani (2012) religion and Civic Engagement in Muslim Countries, Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 51, No. 4 (December), pp. 607 – 622.
Thompson, Karl (2018) What is Religiosity? Available at Revise Sociology: https://revisesociology.com/2018/08/20/what-is-religiosity/.
Sari, Murat (2017) The Impact of the Age Factor on Religiosity, The Journal of International Social Sciences, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 2, Sayfa: 257-264.
Sönmez, Özlem Altunsu (2013), Religiosity and Political Participation of University Students in Turkey, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy, Vol 4 No. 10, pp.403 – 409.
Verba, Sidney and Nie, Norman (1972) Political Participation in America, Political Democracy and Social Equality, New York, University of Chicago press.
Vromen, Aria dne (2003) People Try to Put Us Down ...': Participatory Citizenship of 'Generation X', Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 79–99.
Verba ,S, Brady, Henry E, and Schlozman, Kay L (1995) A Resource Model of Political Participation, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 89, No. 2 (Jun), pp. 271-294.
World Value Survey (2010 – 2015) – Iraq (2013) Wv 6, available at: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp.
Allport, Gordon W. and Ross, J. Michail (1967) Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1967, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 432-443.
Bergström, Liza (2006),Political Participation: A qualitative study of citizens in Hong Kong, Thesis in Political Science - Karlstads university in Sweden.
Carballo, Marita and Hermelo, Ricardo M. (2015) Religion in the World: the State of Affairs, in Stoychev, Kancho (eds) Voice of the People, Gallop International Association, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 122 – 136.
Cesari Jocelyne (2013) Why the West Fear Islam An Exploration of Muslims in Liberal Democracies, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Canetti, Daphna, Hobfoll, Stevan E., Pedahzur, Ami and Zaidise, Eran (2010) Much ado about
religion: Religiosity, resource loss, and support for political violence, jornal of Peace Research, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 575-587.
Correa, Michael A. Jones and Leal, David L. (2001) Political Participation: Does Religion Matter? Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 4 (Dec., 2001), pp. 751-770.
Dayican, Bengü Hosch (2010) Political Involvement and Democracy: How Benign is the Future of Post-Industrial Politics? Netherland, PrintPartners Ipskamp.
Dana, Karam, Barreto, Matt A. and Oskooii, Kassra A.R. (2011) Mosques as American Institutions: Mosque Attendance, Religiosity and Integration into the Political System among American Muslims, Jornal of Religions, Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 504-524.
Deth,V. Jan W,(2001) Studying Political participation: Towards a theory of every things?, paper prepared for delivery at the Joint Sessions of Workshops of the European Consortium for Political Research Workshop “Electronic Democracy: Mobilisation, Organisation and Participation via new ICTs” Grenoble, 6-11 April 2001. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258239977_Studying_Political_Participation_Towards_a_Theory_of_Everything.
Hale, Christopher W. (2015) Religious Institutions and Civic Engagement: ATest of Religion’s Impact on Political Activism in Maxico, Journal of Comparative Politics, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 211-230.
Kaase, M. and Marsh, A. (1979) ‘Political Action: A Theoretical Perspective’, in: S.H. Barnes, M. Kaase et al. (eds) Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, pp. 27-56.
Kalaycioǧlu, Ersin (1994) Unconventional political participation in Turkey and Europe: comparative perspective, Rubbettino Editore, Jornal of IL Politico, Vol. 59, No. 3 (170) (Luglio-Settembre), pp. 503-524.
Lynch, Edward A. (1998) Reform and Religion in Latin America, Orbis, Vol. 42, Issue 2, pp.263 – 281.
Linssen, R. (2016). Participation in context: contextual and individual determinants of political participation in Europe and the Netherlands . Maastricht: Datawyse / Universitaire Pers Maastricht.
Muslims in American Public Square (MAPS) and Zogby International Poll (2001) American
Muslims poll, available at: http://www.cippusa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/pmreport.pdf.
Muslim Americans: A National Portrait An in-depth analysis of America’s most diverse religious community (2009), Gallup Center for Muslim Studies, available at: http://docplayer.net/28407375-Muslim-americans-a-national-portrait-an-in-depth-analysis-of-america-s-most-diverse-religious-community.html.
Milbrath, L.W. (1965) Political Participation: How and Why Do People Get Involved in Politics?, Chicago, Rand McNally.
Magnus Wennerhag (2017) Patterns of protest participation are changing, Jornal of Sociologisk Forskning, årgång 54, nr 4, sid 347–351.
Norris, Pippa (2004) Electoral Engineering Voting Rules and Political Behavior, Cambridge University press, New York, pp113-114.
Norris, Pippa and Inglehart, Ronald (2004) Sacred and Secular Religion and Politics worldwide, Cambredge University Press, New Work. pp. 131-132.
Okumus, Ejder (2008) Turkey – Religiosity and the PRA, Journal of Muslim World, Hartford Vol. 98, Iss. 2/3, (Apr-Jul): 345-362.
Patterson, Eric (2005) Religious Activity and Political Participation: The Brazilian and Chilean
Cases, Latin American Politics and Society, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Spring), pp. 1-29.
Putnam, Robert D. (1993) Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Putnam, Robert D. (2000) Bowling Alone the colloapse and revival of American community, Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, New York.
Radu, Bogdan (2016) Religious determinants of political participation in poland and Romania: A research note, Journal of Europolis, Vol. 10. No.1, pp. 111 – 123.
Sallach, L. David, Babchuk,Nicholas and Booth, Alan (1972) Social Involvement and Political Activity: Another View, Social Science Quarterly, Wiley, Vol. 52, No. 4 (MARCH, 1972), pp. 879-892.
Stolz, Jörg (2008) The Explanation of Religiosity: Testing Sociological Mechanisms Empirically, Observatoire des Religions en Suisse/ORS – Working Papers 8-2008, available at: https://www.unil.ch/files/live/sites/issr/files/shared/Publications/WP_WorkingPapers/WP_08-2008.pdf.
Smidt, Corwin (1999) Religion and Civic Engagement: A Comparative Analysis, American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 565, Civil Society and Democratization (Sep., 1999), pp. 176-192.
Sarkissan, Ani (2012) religion and Civic Engagement in Muslim Countries, Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 51, No. 4 (December), pp. 607 – 622.
Thompson, Karl (2018) What is Religiosity? Available at Revise Sociology: https://revisesociology.com/2018/08/20/what-is-religiosity/.
Sari, Murat (2017) The Impact of the Age Factor on Religiosity, The Journal of International Social Sciences, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 2, Sayfa: 257-264.
Sönmez, Özlem Altunsu (2013), Religiosity and Political Participation of University Students in Turkey, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy, Vol 4 No. 10, pp.403 – 409.
Verba, Sidney and Nie, Norman (1972) Political Participation in America, Political Democracy and Social Equality, New York, University of Chicago press.
Vromen, Aria dne (2003) People Try to Put Us Down ...': Participatory Citizenship of 'Generation X', Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 79–99.
Verba ,S, Brady, Henry E, and Schlozman, Kay L (1995) A Resource Model of Political Participation, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 89, No. 2 (Jun), pp. 271-294.
World Value Survey (2010 – 2015) – Iraq (2013) Wv 6, available at: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp.
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Published
2019-10-23
How to Cite
Abdullah, J. A. (2019). The Religious Attendance and Political Participation in Kurdistan Region: A Sociopolitical Research. Journal of University of Raparin, 6(2), 442–472. https://doi.org/10.26750/paper
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Humanities & Social Sciences
