Issue 4

Table of Contents

1. 01
   Social Science Original Research pp. 1-12

   Kurdish Spoken Letter Recognition based on k-NN and SVM Model

   Zrar Khalid Abdul

   Automatic recognition of spoken letters is one of the most challenging tasks in the area of speech recognition system. In this paper, different machine learning approaches are used to classify the Kurdish alphabets such as SVM and k-NN where both approaches are fed by two different features, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Moreover, the features are combined together to learn the classifiers. The experiments are evaluated on the dataset that are collected by the authors as there as not standard Kurdish dataset. The dataset consists of 2720 samples as a total. The results show that the MFCC features outperforms the LPC features as the MFCCs have more relative information of vocal track. Furthermore, fusion of the features (MFCC and LPC) is not capable to improve the classification rate significantly.

   10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper1 2 views Read article
2. 02
   Social Science Original Research pp. 13-26

   Client’s Satisfaction toward Communication Skills among Doctors in Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil City

   Zhian Mueen Shekho, Kareem Aziz Fatah

   Back ground and Objectives: Effective communication is important at all steps of human life, most especially in healthcare organizations because it enables good relationships between doctors and clients and helps them in challenging healthcare choices. This study aimed to identify level of satisfaction of clients with communication of doctors in primary health care centers and to find out the association between client’s satisfaction and their socio-demographics. Methods: Quantitative design, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the level of client’s satisfaction toward communication skills of doctors in four primary health care centers. The data were collected at the period of 15th of April, 2019 to 1st of July, 2019. So, 300 clients were chosen randomly. Result: The mean age + SD was 35.0 + 10.8 years, ranging from 19 to 70 years. The median was 33 years. The majority (71%) of the clients aged less than 40 years. Around two thirds (64.3%) of the clients were females, and 80.3% of the clients were Muslims. Around one third (34.3%) of the clients attended the PHC centers for immunization, 32% for checkup, and 23% for medical treatment. 34.4% of the clients visit the PHC center more than four times per year, 26% visit the center four times per year, and 25% of the clients visit the center three times per year. There was no significant association between the communication skills of doctors with the following variables: age of the client (p = 0.096), gender (p = 0.315), religion (p = 0.653), educational level (p = 0.615), type of health care services (p = 0.469), and number of visits per year (p = 0.089). Conclusion: study revealed that 26% of clients who were very satisfied with physician’s communication skills, and 36.3% were satisfied, and 6.7 % dissatisfied. There were no significant association between the client satisfactions of doctors with their socio-demographical characteristics.

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3. 03
   Social Science Original Research pp. 27-50

   Surat Al-Maedah And Some Of Its Rulings That Were Unique To It From Other Suras

   Othman Ali Othman

   The purpose of this research is to know some of the provisions of Surat Al-Maa'idah. In this introduction, it appears in the introduction to Surah Al-Maa'idah and some of its provisions contained in it, which hides many of the branches of legislation that must be adhered to by the Muslim in halalization and haraam haraam. Books of interpretation of the provisions, books of jurisprudence, and other references that the researcher used to collect this article, and the research section to the introduction and two sections and a conclusion. The methodology followed in this research is the analytical inductive method by collecting the material and then analyzing it. The researcher also attributed the Quranic verses to the Qur'an with the mention of the verse number and the interpretation of the verses in the appropriate place. And documenting the scholars' statements by returning them to their original sources.

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4. 04
   Social Science Original Research pp. 51-61

   Attenuation of Staphylococcus Aureus By Pomegranate Peel Extracts

   Abdulilah Saleh Ismaeil, Fraidoon Abdulqadr Salih

   Pomegranate Peel extractions used as quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) against Staphylococcus aureus (which isolated from soft white cheese in local market), different solvents used to obtain different active ingredient groups, minimum inhibitory concentration of each group were determined then sub-inhibitory concentration was used as (QSI). We get that all groups have ability to inhibit quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus in different ratio. By using Real-time PCR found that the different Pomegranate Peel extract groups can inhibit the expression of some quorum sensing and virulence factor genes ( Sea, Seb, AgrA, RNAIII, and Hla). Also Pomegranate Peel extracts groups have a role in biofilm reduction in Staphylococcus aureus significantly, furthermore the extract groups significantly affect the growth curve of this bacteria. Our results idicated that the pomegranate peel extracts fight infections by supressing virulence factors, may be due to blocking autoinducer receptors.

   10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper4 1 views Read article
5. 05
   Social Science Original Research pp. 62-71

   The Energy of Conjugacy Classes Graphs of Some Order of Alternating Groups

   Zuzan Naaman Hassan, Nihad Titan Sarhan

   The energy of a graph , is the sum of all absolute values of the eigen values of the adjacency matrix which is indicated by . An adjacency matrix is a square matrix used to represent of finite graph where the rows and columns consist of 0 or 1-entry depending on the adjacency of the vertices of the graph. The group of even permutations of a finite set is known as an alternating group . The conjugacy class graph is a graph whose vertices are non-central conjugacy classes of a group , where two vertices are connected if their cardinalities are not coprime. In this paper, the conjugacy class of alternating group of some order for and their energy are computed. The Maple2019 software and Groups, Algorithms, and Programming (GAP) are assisted for computations.

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6. 06
   Social Science Original Research pp. 72-104

   The Position of Jimmy Carter's Administration about Iraq-Iran war in 1980 A Historical and Political Research

   Nihro Mohammed Abdulqader, Khaleel Ali Murad

   Following the demise of the Shah regime, Saddam Hussein capitalized on the deteriorating situation of Iran to attack the country in a bid to achieve a set of goals. He never thought that the war would last eight years. Before Iraq kicked off the conflict, Saddam and other Iraqi leaders had apparently gathered with American officials in Jordan. It is highly likely that Saddam declared war on Iran with the consent of the USA, though both sides categorically have rejected such accusations. Saddam seized the fallout of Iran-US relations to introduce himself as the guard protecting America's interests. Even if the US was not responsible for the ignition of the war, it liked it as Iran at the time had American hostages behind its bars, a crisis which emerged in November 1979. In the meantime, the new Iran emerged to portrait itself as a major foe of the US. Though Jimmy Carter chose neutrality amidst the conflict, it asked for an immediate pause. The equation, however, turned up side down soon after Washington started to assist Iraq. One indication is that, two months before the war started, Baghdad and the US had decided to normalize ties, but announcing it was delayed as the war had been looming in order to avoid miscalculations from other sides. Through the war, the US wanted to destroy the infrastructure of both sides in order to cripple them from emerging as two powerful regional states. Through third parties, Washington was selling arms to both sides. The US had even warned Iran of Iraq's military attack plan. The age of Carter's age came to an end shortly after the war began when he lost the elections to Ronald Reagan and that a new administration took office in January 1981.

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7. 07
   Social Science Original Research pp. 105-137

   Pronounced Skin Diseases In The Crown Of The Bride For Zubaidi

   Kosar Dler Mahmood, Ibrahim Abud AL Samaraee

   Lexical authorship is one of the most important efforts that cannot be underestimated because of its role in understanding the meanings and semantics of words. Studies have proven that Arabic is one of the most widely used languages ​​in the world. Arabic or Dad has received more attention than other languages, so the crown of the bride is one of the largest dictionaries that contain a huge number of vocabulary including words related to diseases. For leather. Dermatology or dermatology is a medical specialty that deals with diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. It is also concerned with nail and hair diseases and is traditionally associated with sexually transmitted diseases. The doctor in this medical branch is often called a dermatologist. Of external influences and visible. Skin diseases and disorders differ in the severity of their symptoms, their causes, and the strength of their effect; some cases may be mild, transient and may be life-threatening, so the research aims to study and show the words skin diseases mentioned in the bride's crown Zubaidi distributed on diseases related to pimples, skin color change, And dissected superficial and flesh contact, tumors in addition to hair diseases, which are classified as skin diseases, and concluded the study with the conclusion of the most important findings of the research, including: The most diseases that affect the skin phenomenon, which makes it a social disease more than organically, most of the words mentioned Zubaidi, a skin still Mskhaddmhaly this day and widespread medical, unlike synonymous words that have disappeared and have become unused.

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8. 08
   Social Science Original Research pp. 138-155

   Students’ Assessment of the Translation Material in the Departments of English in Kurdistan Region- Iraq

   Vian Mikhail Poulis, Wrya Izzadin Ali

   Teaching material is considered a crucial element to the success of student achievement. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of teaching materials of translation courses offered to third- and -fourth year in the Departments of English from the students’ perceptions. To achieve this, a questionnaire is used for data collection. This questionnaire is administered to (120) fourth-year students enrolled in the respective Departments of English of three Kurdistan Universities; (40) students from the University of Sulaimani, (40) students from Salahaddin University-Erbil, and (40) students from the University of Duhok, to find out the extent to which students are satisfied with the current translation materials offered in their departments. The data of the study are analyzed via (SPSS) using descriptive statistics. Accordingly, findings have shown that the students are unsatisfied with many aspects of the translation teaching materials, such as a lack of balance among translation theories, methods, procedures, and the text types. Additionally, little attention is given to the cultural aspects in raising students’ cultural awareness, and there is a lack of coherence between the translation materials of third- and fourth-year. Thus, a need for developing textbooks for translation courses in the Departments of English is recommended.

   10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper8 1 views Read article
9. 09
   Social Science Original Research pp. 156-172

   What is critique in Kant’s Critical philosophy

   Nawzad Jamal Faraj

   This paper tries to answer a main question: what is critics and criticism? It is obvious that Kant’s philosophy marked by “Criticism” which is defined as a philosophical turn in the history of philosophy. In Kant’s philosophy critic is not just a title of his three main books, but it is his way of look at philosophy and the role of philosopher. In other words, the main task of philosophy and philosophizing, it is not defending or interpreting a single philosophical perspective, but it is to judge and criticize all kinds of philosophical enquires. This mean that since Kant’s approach, philosophical inquiry has taken another direction: toward the critic of philosophical subjects. Philosophy have to start with critic of reason and its scope. And reason alone is in charge of criticizing. In other words, reason is the suspicious guilty one and the defender in the court of reason.

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10. 10
    Social Science Original Research pp. 173-191

    The Level of Dependency of The Lecturers of Salahaddin University On The New Media

    Jwan Bahaden Ali, Abdulkhalq Ibrahim Mustaffa

    The aim of this study that to expose the level of dependency of the lecturers of Salahuddin University on the new media, generally, in education process and determine their use of these tools and determinie the arithmetical average of these uses. For this purpose, specific criteria have been set for measuring the level of dependency , after identifying the Face validity and consistency of the measurement content, the researchers distributed randomly (50) questionnaires to the lectures who were (33) males and 17 females. the results showed that the lectures depend on new media on medium, that lectures depend on new media for e-mail and the Internet to conduct their research as the ferst recuer, in contrast lectures less depend on new media for getting information about the goods they want to buy or to choose the fashion and type of clothing.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper10 0 views Read article
11. 11
    Social Science Original Research pp. 192-203

    Freedom of Expression in the UK and Protection of Privacy in Human Rights: Princess Diana’s Case as an Example

    Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Nazakat Hussein Hamasaeed, Muhammad Saud

    This paper mainly aims to argue the research questions “what is the right of privacy?, how the article 8 protected privacy in Act 1998 and to deliberate the case of princes Diana Between the freedom of expression and protect the privacy?. Hence, to discourse the impact of the media Law in dealing with freedom of expression and the right of privacy. This paper will argues the concept of the Freedom of expression which is one of the most fundamental aspect of the individuals rights that enjoy in everyday life. It is fundamental to the existence of democracy and the respect of human dignity in the community. On the other hand, the paper will explore the impact on media law and some examples of rich figure, media celebrity and famous, which they complaining of the media invasion of privacy will be explained, and then how the Court treated with Princess Diana’s case in the viewpoint of privacy and freedom of excretion concepts. The paper mainly depends on the content analysis method for analysing legal documentation of the articles related to the freedom of expression, also it depends on the case-study method for its sample which is Princess Diana’s case.

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12. 12
    Social Science Original Research pp. 204-239

    The Risk of Facebook Social Media Network on Social Security

    Hemin Amen Jalal Shwani, Tahir Hasoo Zebari

    Social security, which is considered as a part of national or state security, has great role in developing and advancing society. In this day and age, as we live in a world of development and technology, social security is under various types of threats and risks in most societies. The Press, through its different channels and means, plays a great role in creating and fostering this risk to destabilize social security. This, then, has necessitated many countries to restrict and curb some media outlets and journalists within legal boundaries. Accordingly, the emergence of the social media outlets in general, and Facebook, as a new social media network in particular, has increased the afore-mentioned risks and threats on social security. The aim of this paper is an attempt to find the range of the risk that comes out of Facebook on social security in Kurdistan region in general, and Erbil in particular.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper12 0 views Read article
13. 13
    Social Science Original Research pp. 240-259

    The Eisenhawer Doctrine (1957): The Impact on Arabic Countries and The Soviet Union Attitude

    Harem Hasan Ahmad, Ribwar Khalid Mustafa, Ibrahim Ali Salim

    Following the end of World War II, and emerging of a vacuum after the withdrawal of British and French forces from some of the Middle East countries in the region, creating fear in Western countries, particularly the United States, that the Eastern Bloc, in particular Russia, would seek to fill the vacuum and spread the idea of leftism and communism in the region. For this reason, the United States has made every effort to confront the idea of communism and establish a foothold in the region among its policies. To this end, then US President Harry Truman announced his country's new policy in the context of the Truman project on the Middle East in (1945). Following Harry Truman, when Eisenhower assumed power as the new US president in (1953), he put forward the new policy of his country named Eisenhower’s Dwight in Congress in order to confront Russian politics and infiltrate communist thought in the area. There were several items in his project that emphasized the cooperation of Middle Eastern countries, especially in the economic and military fields. The Eisenhower’s Dwight has had a variety of reactions from countries in the region, especially Arab countries. Some have accepted it from the very beginning. Some also expressed opposition to the project. There were also countries that initially opposed the Eisenhower project, but after a period of time following US efforts and pressure, eventually endorsed the project and became a fan of the US. As a result of these political divisions in the region, several political and military alliances between the countries of the Middle East Were formed. The idea of Nasser and the idea of Arab nationalism come to life at this time. Although originally favored by the Eastern Bloc, especially Russia, it also partially weakened the notion of communism and was about to cause tension between proponents of these two ideas. This situation had nothing in fact to do other than destabilizing the political state and the occurrence of several coups in order to change the regime of some of Middle Eastern countries, besides the long sovereignty of some Arab rulers.Regarding the Soveit Union attitude towards the Eisenhower’s doctrine, it can be seen that,the Soveit Union ctitisized by the Soviet authorities from internal and external the SoveitUnbion.For instance the The Soveit Union attempted to gain extermal allies among the Middle Middle Eastren countries to convince them this doctrine is a part previous imperliams that supported by Westren countries.Finally,in the United Nation,The Soveit attempted to make a campaign to remove this doctrine as it mention a therat of world peace.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper13 0 views Read article
14. 14
    Social Science Original Research pp. 260-283

    The International Criminal Police Organization And Its Role In The Defense Of The Organization Crime

    Karim Taha Tahir Sharif

    The international organization is the criminal clause, an international organization specialized in the fight against crime in general and the organized crime , the term in particular, and this is due to the seriousness of this crime in various fields, and states can no longer can front it individually, given technological development, and with limited police competencies the interior the international community sought to find a mechanism capable of police cooperation among countries to confront organized crime . As this organization specializes in extraditing criminals and un covering unknown searches through coordination of security services between member states and plays a prominent role in the area of fighting transnational organized crime, the organization also works to prevent international crime through field and technical support to the police in the world working to confront growing international criminal challenges and I suggest spurious solutions to tackle these crimes and simplify the procedures for extraditing them to justice so that they can be punished without escaping them.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper14 0 views Read article
15. 15
    Social Science Original Research pp. 284-306

    Latif Hllamt's Text "The Operate of Wolf Changes" In The Light of Deconstruction Approach

    Nahida Hussien Abdwlrahman

    Deconstruction is a critical approach which was appeared after Construction approach. Deconstruction is an approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning. Jacques Derrida is known as the father of Deconstruction. The title of the study is Latif Hllamt's text "The operate of wolf changes" in the light of Deconstruction approach. This research is a scientific attempt to analyses a specific part of Latif Hallmat's text in terms of Deconstruction. As long as the text is too long we have taken a part of the text to deal with. The research contains three sections. The first section is the definition the term of Deconstruction. The second section is about the history and philosophy of Deconstruction. The third section is about the application of the approach. At the end some conclusions and list of references are presented.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper15 0 views Read article
16. 16
    Social Science Original Research pp. 307-321

    Evaluation of Aquifer Porosity And Hydraulic Conductivity From Empirical Equations Using Geoelectrical Sounding Measurements In Piramagroon Area NE-Iraq

    Abdulla Karim Amin

    Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) with Schlumberger array as a low-cost technique and veritable method in groundwater exploration is more suitable for hydrogeological survey of sedimentary basins. This method is regularly used to solve a wide variety of ground water problems and hydraulic parameters. The main objective of this research therefore, is to evaluate aquifer porosity and hydraulic conductivity using the empirical equations of porosity and hydraulic conductivity with resistivity conducted in the continuation of the adjacent Sharazoor basin. For this purpose, four profiles were taken in studied area (Piramagroon district), and each profile includes five VES points of measurements. Then each VES was interpreted manually as well as by IPI2 win program for determining aquifer depth ranging from (40 m.) to (80 m.) in piramagroon district) and resistivity values range between (37.0 Ω.m) to (102 Ω.m), which are substituted in the empirical porosity-resistivity and hydraulic conductivity-resistivity equations for evaluating aquifer porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the studied area. The estimated aquifer porosity values range along the studied area range between (21%) to (39 %), and for hydraulic conductivity values range from (1 m/day) to (4 m/day), which shows the increasing of the both aquifer porosity from the top of uplifted subsurface layers underlying the piramagroon district toward both limbs according to increasing of rock fragments (gravel, pebble) and (sand sediments) and decreasing of clay content overlying upper part of Middle Tanjero Formation.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper16 0 views Read article
17. 17
    Social Science Original Research pp. 322-332

    Female Authority And The Representation of Womanhood In H. Rider Haggard’s Ayesha

    Shokhan Rasool Ahmed

    Haggard’s Ayesha is the continuation of the Victorian dream novel She. H. Rider Haggard's She, subtitled A History of Adventure, is figured to be among top rated books at any point distributed: it had sold exactly 83 million duplicates by 1965. Ayesha (really articulated 'Assha'), subtitled The Return of She, who takes after She in the book, is an amazing and puzzling white sovereign who administers the African Amahagger individuals. Ayesha has enchantment controls and is undying, which makes She a dream experience book. Despite the fact that She and Ayesha were distributed almost twenty years separated, H. Rider Haggard stated that Ayesha was a decision to a two-section book, not a continuation. There is likewise a "prequel," She and Allan (1921). In the two books, an imaginary manager shows an original copy portrayal by Ludwig Horace Holly. In Haggard’s She, considering that some parts of the novel are so comfortable, readers might feel compelled into thinking that they are going through Haggard’s tour in Africa. Fortunately, in any event, when the plot eases back to a nearly gastropod pace, the way Haggard's depicts the African culture and scene conveys the reader along. Ayesha, known as She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed, first showed up in sequential structure from 1896 to 1897 in the novel She. Ayesha is one of the marvelous, kick-ass lady characters in Victorian writing who represents the misogynist construction of femininity and embodies the femme fatale. This paper is principally concerned about the representation of feminine power and the representation of womanhood in Haggard’s Ayesha. Some questions will be investigated here. Can one consider Ayesha as a “conclusion” or a “sequel” to She since the whole novel replicates the same thematic and structural maneuvers of She? Does Haggard revive Ayesha, the “new woman”, in The Return of She respond to the threat to traditional gender roles? The findings of this study will be beneficial for the researchers, and all the undergraduate and postgraduate students of English department.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper17 1 views Read article
18. 18
    Social Science Original Research pp. 333-372

    Situation of Official Schools in Erbil City 1980 – 1991

    Snur Sabah Sidiq

    The subject of the official study conditions in the city of Erbil is of great historical and cultural importance, especially for the city that historians have confirmed in historical sources as one of the oldest cities in the world. The subject of the official study conditions in the city of Erbil for the period between 1980-1991 did not have the importance of being mentioned by researchers, and scientific research has not been conducted on it. Therefore, there is a scientific necessity to carry out such research. The reason for choosing the study period (1980 - 1991) is that because of the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, all aspects of life were affected by this war. Although this war ended in 1988, its effects and repercussions continued to affect the joints of Life in Iraq and the city of Erbil, in addition to the fact that political problems and convulsions grew and developed in that period until Iraq entered Kuwait in 1990, which resulted in wars and regional and internal problems in Iraq. Since that date, a new historical era has begun in the region. This study consists of an introduction to the topic in addition to two main axes and concluded with a list of sources and appendices, in the entry a summary of the official study in the city of Erbil for the period between 1970 - 1980 was presented, and the first axis was devoted to the political situation and the educational process for the period between 1980 - 1991, and in the second axis The laws, regulations, and educational curricula for the period between 1980 - 1991 are covered.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper18 1 views Read article
19. 19
    Social Science Original Research pp. 373-394

    The Role of Logic In Construction Judicial Decisions

    Shakhawan Khdir Rasul

    We also know that the importance of judicial judgments in the consideration that the law is the organization of the relationship between individuals and society, at the social and administrative level, and the rulings because the law is the legal rules and regulates relations in society, by adhering to the rules, it establishes order and achieves stability by establishing a balance between the interests and individuals that are intertwined and conflicting and this is done by identifying the legal positions of each individual, and therefore from this perspective of a philosophical vision consisting of the following proposals, I wonder whether in this type of law can regulate in this type of law Relationships only.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper19 1 views Read article
20. 20
    Social Science Original Research pp. 395-431

    The impact of ISIS control on the livestock sector in Iraq (a study in geopolitics)

    Talaat Muhammad Taher Omar Al-Boutani

    Livestock resources experienced a dramatic decline in each of Nineveh, Anbar, Salah Al-Din, and parts of Kirkuk and Diyala provinces due to the Islamic states invasion into those areas in June 2014.According to estimates by some international organizations in Iraq, Livestock numbers decreased significantly by 65% ​​from what it was in 2010. Major reasons for Livestock decline in Iraq were conflict, military operations, aerial bombardment, banditry, and lack of health care resulted in the deaths of large numbers of Livestock, in addition to forced internal migration, that resulted in the migration of about four million Iraqis where they had to leave their homes towards western and northern Iraq. It can be concluded that due to the dramatic decline in Livestock, Iraq lost more than 1.674 billion dollars.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper20 1 views Read article
21. 21
    Social Science Original Research pp. 432-469

    Historial Gography Of The Kurds In The Nighboring

    Salahaddin Anwer Mansur Qaetuly

    This research is entitled (historical geography of the presence of the Kurds in the neighboring regions), a study in the geo-political research scientifically concerned with the presence of Kurds in the neighboring countries i.e this research does not study the presence of the Kurds in in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Iran just in (Khorasan region) because now they are includes the land of Kurdistan. The Kurds history of immigration to outside of their lands are related to many factors including the geographical location and the similarity of geographical elements, which can be considered the main causes to for attraction of Kurds to these regions, and despite this the cutaneous invasions especially during the periods of Iran and Turkey. This research includes three axes, the first axis study the historical presence of the Kurds in Russia and the three Caucasus countries (Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan) and also study Republics of (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan), and briefly about Afghanistan, Pakistan and khorasan region. The second axis study the history and geographical distribution of the Kurds and their numbers in those neighboring countries.While the third axis analysis of the geopolitical history elements including (military, economy, religion and administration)of the Kurdish presence in neighboring countries. In addition of performing some important conclusions and recommendations, as well as the list of references, and abstract in English and Kurdish and an appendix of maps and pictures.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper21 0 views Read article
22. 22
    Social Science Original Research pp. 470-486

    A Proposal System Design of Evaluating Employees Performance in Qaladze Bank, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

    Muzhgan Ibrahim Hassan, Aso Kurdo Ahmed

    This study presents a new model for Evaluating employees’ performance by considering their job criteria so that employees are evaluated not only on the basis of their individual criteria but also on the job criteria they are working on. This is the most important feature of this research compared to previous cases. Based on the presented model, the relevant criteria with discrete coefficients are determined for the two individual criteria and job criteria. Individual criteria were obtained through library studies and partial selection into three managerial, social, and technical groups. Occupational criteria were selected based on the results of one of the studies. To determine the coefficients of the principal and sub-individual criteria, the simple and fuzzy AHP method is used to determine occupational criteria, respectively, and the simple and fuzzy AHP paired scales To determine the coefficients of job criteria. Finally, each employee is given scores (maximum 5) on each of the occupational and individual criteria. Employee rankings are based on the coefficients of individual and occupational criteria as well as the points earned, using TOPSIS algorithm. The final score of each employee is calculated based on the average score of two points obtained by the TOPSIS method. All of the above steps are designed in the TOPSIS format of an Excel spreadsheet decision support system with VB programming language and at Qaladze Bank level, which consists of 75 employees and 10 departments. In order to execute the model more accurately, it is recommended that a person or group be consulted on all the jobs of the organization to comment on all the coefficients of the available jobs in the organization to make assertions about the business coefficients that underlie the proposed model. Also add a 360-degree evaluation method to measure people from different perspectives.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper22 0 views Read article
23. 23
    Social Science Original Research pp. 487-506

    Impact of Climate Change on Walnut Production in Biara Sub-District

    Pshtiwan Gharib Ghafur, Zhyan Sleman Hama, Khanda Saed Tofiq

    In this research is conducted about the impact of climate change on walnut production in Biara Sub-district. Descriptive – analytical method was utilized to obtain the proposed objectives by using SPSS – 16. The predominant objective of this analysis is to illustrate the inevitable impact of climate change on the walnut production in 1973-2017. The results on which the study was based on are Pearson Correlation which demonstrates that there is an indirect correlation between temperature and walnut production, and an equivalent relation with precipitation. For instance, in Multiple Regression Analysis, the impact of temperature and precipitation on small walnut trees is 4%, and on medium walnut trees is 25.8%, whereas on big walnut trees it is 24.8%. Moreover, in Coefficient of Determination, the effect of temperature on small walnut trees is 3.4%, on medium and large walnut trees increase to 18.6% and 24.7% respectively. However, precipitation impact is less than 1%, except medium walnut trees is less than 6%. The apparent wide gaps between temperature and precipitation which affects production is due to low topographic elevation and the presence of 82 springs in the study area. Additionally, an increase in temperature, a decrease in precipitation and subfreezing temperatures, in other words, chill dates, in spring time, ultimately leads to an increase in hazardous insects such as stem worms and beetle. These issues could be solved through selecting different varieties of walnuts and planting at higher elevation, construct more irrigation projects and regular irrigation, in particular during drought seasons, improving agricultural facilities and importing sufficient pesticides to tackle walnut trees diseases, is also among the precautionary methods.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper23 0 views Read article
24. 24
    Social Science Original Research pp. 507-525

    Investigating Peer-Assessment in EFL Classes at University Level

    Zainab Hasan Rasheed, Fatimah Rashid Hasan Al Bajalani

    Peer assessment (PA) is a kind of evaluation which allows the learners to assess their peers’ work with the instructions of the teachers and agreed upon criteria. The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR) has worked on reforming the higher education system since 2008. It tries to apply the student-centered approach of learning and prepare graduates to be lifelong learners and critical thinkers. One of the alternative methods of assessment in the Student-centered approach is PA. This paper aims to investigate the use of peer assessment in EFL classes at university level. Further, it tries to find out whether peer-assessment is used correctly! Finally, it discovers the challenges encountered by EFL students while implementing PA in the Essay Writing classes. In this study both qualitative and quantitative method are used. The study has conducted in the colleges of Education, Basic Education, and Languages at SUE with the third stage students. The study concludes that peer assessment is used in EFL classes, but it is not used as correct as it should be. The instructors who used it have to illustrate its procedures in the class before using it.

    10.26750/Vol(7).No(4).Paper24 0 views Read article
25. 25
    Social Science Original Research pp. 526-559

    Social Responsibility in University Students

    Shno Hassan Abdulsamad, Paiman Abdulqadr Majeed

    Social responsibility takes an important role in constancy and tainquility of life in a society, tries to make the system of the society better and protects its roles, at the same time become a factor to perform each one's responsibility toward himself and the surrounding, and also make each individual mature, conscious in terms of rights, responsibilities, roles and comprehended ones about the social, political and general problems of the society and also encourages them to participate in resolving problems. The researcher found it necessary to carry on such a study in order to investigate the level of social responsibility of the university students, and to underline the differences in the level according to variable,academic specialization,and study stages The research population is all the bachelor students of first stage and forth stage of humanity and science academic specialization in the University of Sulaimani in the new camp in ( 2019 - 2020) , but the sample of the study (428) students of the faculties of (College of Humanities, College of Law, College of Science, and College of Engineering )by the way of , the research is a kind of descriptive, and the adopted method is ( social survey), the researcher, for collection data, adopted scale to measure the social responsibility, and used some statistical means such as (coefficient alpha, person correlations coefficient, T,Test, means, standard deviation) The result indicates that the students of University of Sulaimani have a high level of social responsibility, and there are differences statistically concerning the variable of academic specialty ( science and humanity ) in behalf of humanities, and of study stages ( first stage and forth stage ) in behalf of first stage . These results were interpreted in the light of the literature review the researcher shed light on certain recommendations and suggestions .

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    Social Science Original Research pp. 560-592

    Opportunistic Behavior And Its Relationship To Narcissistic Personality Disorder Among Educational Administrators in Soran

    Samya Saber Sediq, Shaimaa Najem Safer

    This research aims to know the strength and direction of the relationship between opportunistic behavior and the narcissistic personality disorder of educational administrators from principals and assistants to basic and preparatory schools in Soran, and to know the differences in both opportunistic behavior and narcissistic personality disorder between managers and assistants, as well as between schools located in the Soran District Center and its outskirts, Severally .In order to achieve these five goals of the research, the researcher used a sample of (306) managers and assistants of both sexes, who were chosen using the stratified random sample method, and by the method of proportional selection. Where (170) of them were school administrators, and they constituted (55.5%) of the sample population, by (48) principals in the Soran District Center, and (122) principals at the outskirts of the Soran District Center, while the researcher used the results of (136) Assistants, and they represent (44.5%) of the sample size, among whom (65) were assistants at the Soran District Center, (71) were assistants at the outskirts of the Soran District Center.The researcher has resorted to conduct her study to the descriptive approach and the relational method as a method for this study, because it provides information that helps researchers identify the nature and strength of relationships between multiple variables, including the two research variables under study.For this purpose, the researcher built a measure for opportunistic behavior, the number of its paragraphs reached in the initial form of (34) paragraphs, the alternatives to the answer were formulated using the Likert five-way method, and the researcher also adopted to measure the narcissistic personality disorder (NPI) scale of Raskin, R. & Hall, CS) (1981), translated by (Abdul Raqeeb Ahmed Al-Behairi) (2012). This scale consists of (54) paragraphs designed with the method of compulsory selection, where in front of each paragraph there are two options (A) and (B), and after extracting the psychometric properties of both measures The number of items of the opportunistic behavior scale, in its final form, reached (33) items, while the narcissistic personality disorder scale was the final form. It has reached (48) test items.After confirming the clarity of the paragraphs and the instructions of the two measures by experimenting with a representative sample of the research community, which amounted to (30) managers and assistants, the two measurement tools were applied to the members of the sample for the period between (6 - 29/11/2019), and after collecting and sorting the valid responses, they were obtained The necessary data, then these data were statistically analyzed in order to identify the research objectives. The results showed the following:That members of the research community have opportunistic behavior. And to the presence of statistically significant differences between educational administrators and assistants in opportunistic behavior. And for the benefit of educational assistants. The results also showed that those in charge of educational administration in the basic and preparatory stages, whether from the principals or their assistants, suffer from narcissistic personality disorder. The results also indicated the presence of statistically significant differences between the principals and educational assistants in narcissistic personality disorder. And for the benefit of educational administrators. Finally, the researcher concluded, through her findings, that there is a strong direct correlation between opportunistic behavior and narcissistic personality disorder in the two educational administrators.The more individual narcissism becomes more disturbed, the greater the motivation for pursuing opportunistic behavior. Then the researcher reached the conclusions drawn from the results of the research. Finally, recommendations and suggestions were formulated.

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    Social Science Original Research pp. 593-619

    The Level of Kurdistan Region MPs’ Dependency on New Media

    Barham Khalid Ahmed, Fuad Ali Ahmed

    In the past decade media industry particularly traditional media has seen a significant decline as new media growth and become an important source for the whole society in developed countries. Albeit politicians have affected by new media impacts as replaced traditional media in many aspects. The new media has a great role for politicians to use it to get information, their publicity, and publishing their activities. This research paper explores the role of new media on Kurdistan region member of parliaments seeking how they rely on new media platforms to find out the MPs dependency on New Media in their works as a public figure.

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    Social Science Original Research pp. 620-639

    Island Constraints in English and Kurdish

    Burhan Qadir Saleem

    In transformational grammar, there are rules such as relativization, questioning and topicalization, in which elements abandon their position and move to the front of the sentence. The present study focusses on certain islands in English and Kurdish and examines whether these islands constrain the extraction of elements in Kurdish or not. It is hypothesized that islandhood is not only bout the restrictions on the extraction of an element and putting it in front of the sentence. In Kurdish, even if the question word remains in-situ, there are islands that impose restrictions on forming structures such as interrogatives.

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    Social Science Original Research pp. 640-673

    Rock Art (Rock Relief) in The Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Which Has Encountered The Threats of Disappearing

    Rukhsar Ramadhan Ahmed, Aras Ismail Khider

    The Art rock is formed as pictures on strones which are made in different forms and in different ways including crafted pictures, status, maps, crafting on castle walls, and ancient temples, and coloured pictures, which can be founed on the stone shelters, mountan sides, and caves. This ancient art reflects religious sprituality, cultural principles of community, and architecture framework of ancient communities. This study aims in showing the importance of this art in the archaeology of Kurdistan Region as national and regional treasure. Here, this art form is crucial similar to the global archoleagy in the world, because this art form is a special way for seperatin community, teaching values and norms, origionality, as well as human relations to the earth they are living on. Indicating the main natural and man-made factors such as; development, new construction, renovating some parts has negative influence on a portion of those archoloegical sites which has led to graffiti damages and intentional destrunction. Because, some of these archaeological sites are situated close to major touristes destinations which are another drawback for getting access to the sites without considering the human actions in those places. In this regard, being careless, and having limited awareness and information about the importance of archaeology and considering it as a national wealth has led to devastation of some significant sites. Aside from the human factors, natural disasters have left a negative influence on the archaeological sites in the Kurdistan Region. This research is composed of the following parts: the first section introduces the history of rock art and the types of this art, the objectives, and human intentions in drawing and crafting those symbols, and pictures that human beings have produced in the ancient times. The second part of this research highlights the human and natural factors that have put pressure on those important archaeological sites which are facing threats. The last part focuses on the findings, and recommendations; such as highlighting some of the legal principles, which aim to reduce the risks and pressure on rock art and their destruction. It will also include important procedures for spreading awareness of these sites to individuals and the wider community regarding archaeology and the need to protect the region’s tangible heritage.

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    Social Science Original Research pp. 674-688

    Hyponym As A Phenomenon In The Economy of Language

    Salih Abdalla Babakr

    This research entitled “Hyponym as a phenomenon in the economy of language” deals with this linguistic term. The economy of language is a process that transcends the limits of all linguistic levels, and semantics is one of those levels in which this economic phenomenon is manifested. Hyponymy is one of the semantic relationships in which the phenomenon of linguistic economy occurs. Since it refers to the condensation of several things in one thing, this term (hyponym) has an active presence in all languages, nevertheless, it has special characteristics in each language. The current research implemented the descriptive analytical method, using the Sulaymaniyah dialect as the main source of data. The study comprises an introduction, two sections, results and list of references. As for the first section, which came under the title (Hyponym and its Characteristics), it dealt with several issues, including: Definition of the term (Hyponym), its properties, the benefits and disadvantages of Hyponym. As for the second section which is entitled (Hyponym - Phenomenon in the Economy of Language), several issues were discussed in it: the phenomenon of economy in language, economy in (hyponym), the role of (hyponym) in daily life, and finally analyzing hyponym examples related to language economy.

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