Volume 7
Issue 3
- Published
- 29 August 2020
- Articles
- 30 articles
- Access
- Open Access
Table of Contents
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01
Social Science Original Research pp. 1-17
Preparation, Characterization and Biological Activity of Some Transition Metal (II) Complexes Containing Cephalexin and Cefotaxime Sodium
Rezhna Hassan Faraj, Shean Ismael Salih
A series of mixed ligand complexes of cephalexin and cefotaxime sodium were prepared. All complexes were characterized by molar conductivity, IR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. All the complexes have Oh geometry with general formula {M(L1)(L2)(H2O)2}, where M= Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), V(II), L1= cephalexin, L2= cefotaxime sodium. Antibacterial activity of all the synthesized complexes and ligands were tested against some bacteria. The antibacterial activities of all compounds in case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at DMSO (10 mg/ml) concentration exhibit not active. The Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella some metal complexes exhibit more activity than ligand.
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02
Social Science Original Research pp. 18-43
Halabja in Iraqi Contemporary Poetry: The Tragedy of A Memory and A Memory of The Tragedy
Dhiya Abdulrazaq Ayub
This study focuses on Halabja in the contemporary Iraqi poetry: The Tragedy of Memory and the Memory of Tragedy. The genocide that Halabja suffered from has inspired my poets to write about that. The wound of the city is too deep to recover, too tragic to stop shedding tears, and too inhuman that made its images and cries live in our memory forever. This human calamity has created a haunting memory in the minds of the Arab and Kurd poets in the contemporary poetry because of its brutality and vehemence. Therefore, this adversity has provided poets with a fertile ground on which they have implanted their poems and realistic images that inspired their pens. The study is divided into four sections and a preface. The preface is concerned with the poeticness of the city in the Arabic poetry. The first section deals with Halabja: the memory of pain. The second section studies Halabja and the portrayal of suffering. The third section delineates Halabcha the city of defiance and challenge. The fourth section focuses on the city of Halabja between reality and dream. The study comes up with the conclusion that shows the Iraqi poets’ revolutionary ideas to fight oppression in the world and change it, and replace it with freedom and justice. The poets have succeeded in portraying the pains and miseries of Halabja, and the suffering of the Kurds.
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03
Social Science Original Research pp. 44-63
The Alienation Ethnology of Medias Character in Euripides Tragedy
Sardar Mahmud Saeed
This research dealt with the role of alienation in pushing the character of Euripides Medea towards committing the act of tragedy consciously and the insistence achieved by the author a special type of tragedy that is different from the pattern prevalent in his time .The researcher saw that the reason for killing Medea her two sons is that her alienation is of an ethnic nature motivated by the feeling of oppression and marginalization, so the title of his research is as follows : The Alienation Ethnology of Medias Character in Euripides Tragedy The researcher formulated the problem of research in this question: What is the impact of the ethnic difference in pushing the character of Medea to kill her two children in Euripides tragedy? The research consists of four chapters; 1) research methodology consisting of the research problem, importance, objectives, limits and terminology. 2) theoretical framework entitled: The personality of Medea as a name and the named according to the ancient Greeks, and discusses in three sections: Medea in Greek mythology, Medea in the history of Herodotus, and the image of the ancient Aryans among the ancient Greeks. The second chapter has previous studies, and differences between them. It also includes the theoretical framework indicators. 3) it is research procedures, including the research community, sample, method , tools and the analysis of the sample., and 4) devoted to the results of the research and its conclusions are listed in points and were responsive to the research problem.
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04
Social Science Original Research pp. 64-95
Regulating Freedom of Opinion, Expression and Media work in international charters
Drivan Abdulqadr Bakr, Marf omar gul
The study examines the most important international and regional conventions regulating the freedom of opinion and expression and the media work, based on the descriptive method, by expaining the most important items and materials related to this subject and then analyzing it, and then we tried to search for the response of internal laws in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to these general international and regional conventions.
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05
Social Science Original Research pp. 96-128
The Legal Problems of Ownership and Management of The Natural Resources Between The Governance Levels of Federal Iraq “ The Case of Ownership and Management of Oil and Gas”
Zana Rasul Mohamad amin, Dana Abdulkarim Saeed
Federalism is a system of power-sharing and decision-making between levels of government.Federalism also protects the unity of the state and its political entity. On the other hand, Give the States their share of power and wealth (Resources) and then prevent the establishment of authoritarian governments. And Iraq's 2005 constitution has produced a sharp difference between the federal government and the KRG about the management and collection of oil and gas revenues. Therefore we see that we should study the powers and competencies of both authorities because the Constitution of Iraq adopted a federal system for the regions. And this research tries to reveal the Iraqi federal experience, which was adopted by the Constitution and how to use this experience to manage and Invest natural resources and resolve the expected conflicts upon these resources.
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06
Social Science Original Research pp. 129-150
Legal Aspects of Professional Football Player (A comparative Descriptive Study)
Ibrahim Omer Ibrahim
After sports in the last century turned from a hobby to a professional, sports professional changed the world of sports, especially football. Some issues of legal dimensions emerged from it, including the football player professional contract, the football player’s transfer contract, and the football coach contract, And a contract to sell television broadcasting rights for competitions and matches, as this study does not deal with these contracts, but rather deals with the issue of professionalism of the player itself, and the constituent elements of it, the conditions of its stability and survival, and the procedures for its completion in order to enjoy legal protection. Professionalism is not a commodity the player buys from the sports club and the player does not acquire it by chance. Rather, he must go through some technical stages in his sports club, as well as the legal procedures covered by this study. Professionalism is represented in the player's competence, skill, ability and sporting fame, and this can only be achieved by playing football steadily with the sports club to which the player is associated with a written contract after registering there. Through this study, the researcher tried to cover the legal aspects of the football player’s professionalism, specifically to clarify the professional, their rights and obligations regarding the use of professionalism and its exploitation, and the rights of others to professionalism. In order to achieve the goal of the study, we followed a comparative descriptive approach, and that is through a descriptive study of professionalism, identifying this phenomenon, describing it, describing its elements and its composition, then explaining how it happened, and then comparing the relevant mathematical legislative texts.
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07
Social Science Original Research pp. 151-177
Statistical Analysis of The Effects of Weather on Psychological Depression and Schizophrenia In The City of Sulaymaniah
Bushra Qadir Kareem
In this study, we showed the effect of psychiatric illnesses including depression and schizophrenia. Based on data obtained from Sulaymaniah city’s weather station’s records from the year 2009 to 2019. The data for the psychological illnesses were obtained from Sulaymaniah Directorate for psychological illnesses from 2009-2019 using SPSS-14. We revealed that weather conditions affect the incidence of these diseases at a rate of (81.3%) Furthermore, the effects were analyzed based on their correlation and the correlation coefficient was determined for each of the weather elements. Temperature is a positive factor that affects depression at a rate of (33.7%). While sun light positively affects schizophrenia at a rate of (15.7%) conversely among the negative factors, raining is the most common factor that affects depression at a rate of (43.5%). In addition, clouds negatively affect schizophrenia at a lower rate which is (21.3%).
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08
Social Science Original Research pp. 178-212
The Legacy of Girls and Sisters Between Islamic Fiqh and The Law Into a Legal Comparative Study to Islamic Fiqh
Kamal Muhammad Abubakir
This research summarizes the study of a vital issue of women’s controversial issues, which is the issue of women's inheritance, and the controversy surrounding them had a clear impact on the attitudes of legislators and judicial decisions in Islamic countries in general. The efforts of civil society organizations and women's rights calling for equal inheritance between men and women have affected the orientations of the Iraqi legislator in various periods and have led to changes in the inheritance materials, especially those related to the inheritance of girls and sisters, and the legacy of grandchildren and children of brothers and sisters, the most recent of which is the numbered amendment law ( 15) Issued by the Kurdistan Region Parliament in the year 2008 called the Law Amending the Application of the Personal Status Law No. (188) for the year 1959 amended in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. This research aims to study the inheritance of girls and sisters between Islamic jurisprudence and the law in accordance with the Iraqi Personal Status Law No. (88) for the year 1959 AD and its amendments related to their inheritance study and a comparative study and its effects in terms of inheritance by imposition, intolerance, restitution, and blocking. Through a descriptive, investigative, analytical approach, he sheds light on the explanation's varying interpretations of the legal materials related to inheritance, especially the inheritance of girls and sisters. The research plan included two studies, the first topic was devoted to studying cases of the inheritance of girls and the inheritance of the daughters of the son, jurisprudence and law, and the differences between them, and the second topic was devoted to studying cases of inheritance of sisters with their three types, jurisprudence and law, and the differences between them. The research concluded with the most important results and a number of recommendations.
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09
Social Science Original Research pp. 213-239
Religious Dissonance and Its Manifestations In Mikhail Naima's Articles
Qasim Muhamad Abid, Bawadin Kareem Mawlod
Preparation of the first competition of the writings conducted in the construction of the text and include in the perpetuity and immortality and clothing! From his artistic creativity, to his renewal and his experience in the production and creation of texts The research will study the manifestations of religious intolerance in the creativity of Mikhail Naima al-Maqali to achieve two important things. In linking the past with the present and the old to the new texts to dress authenticity and modernity at the same time and then give it the status of acceptability among different readers and recipients.
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10
Social Science Original Research pp. 240-269
Child Trafficking Including Labor and Begging Exploitation Among Iraqi Refugee
Ayoob Kareem Saeed
The research seeks to identify the factors child trafficking phenomenon and its consequences on the victims of child trafficking for work and begging which’s done by the Arabian refugee parents and relatives’ resident in camp and center of Sulaymaniyah governorate, According to human trafficking and labor law in Iraq. To collect the information a questioner has used which consist of 50 questions, and for analyzing information, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) has used. The sample consists of 50 children, also Social Serviay method has used. According to the results of the research, there are many contributing factors behind this phenomenon; the major Factors are poverty, family tendency and or family pressure to doing it. According to the other outcome of the research, 62 percent of the sample of research confronted with violence, 58% of the sample dropped out from school or some of them illiterate and/or has arithmetic studding the total hour of working is more than nine hours.
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11
Social Science Original Research pp. 270-287
The Level of Gratifications Achieved by the Traditional and New Media for the Youth in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region: A Survey and Comparative Research
Hersh Rasul Murad, Hemin Majeed Hasan, Baqir Dawd Husen
This research deals with a topic related to the size and type of gratifications achieved by the traditional and new media for the youth segment in the Kurdistan Region, due to the importance of the role that these means play and their influential and directive capabilities on the one hand, and the sensitivity of the structural reality of youth space, Especially for those who belongs to this senstive age group, so to speak. From here, the research aims to ensure the achievement of the physiological, security, social, psychological, and cognitive gratifications of the young recipient in the Kurdistan region by viewing the means of mass communication and social communication and their levels, as well as reaching the levels of what they accomplished in this field, separately, i.e., the mass and social means of the gratification, for the recipient In the Kurdistan region and reading its implications to answer what they indicate. This research is considered descriptive research that is appropriate to understand the details of its basic variables and the interrelationships that provide us with what is happening in its mutual influence space, by using survey and comparative survey methods in the practical aspect of it, relying on a sample of young people belonging to the age group within (15 -24) years old, of (172) respondents.
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12
Social Science Original Research pp. 288-319
Natural Capabilities To Invest Wind Energy To Generate Electric Power In Sulaymaniyah Governorate
Ahmed Jalil Ismael, Dler Azeez Taha
The paper investigates the investment of wind energy in the production of electric power in the province of Sulaymaniyah. Monthly meteorological data for the duration of 2000-2017 is used to determine the wind speed and direction. Through collecting and analyzing and data the best location is identified where energy density is calculated with its geographical distribution. The results show that the highest value of wind speed index ranges between (3.41)m/s in penjwin station and (3.22)m/s in Sardasht station with the lowest value between(1.44)m/s in Sulaimaniya station and(1.56)m/s in Chamchamal station. The highest wind speed in summer season ranges between(3.6)m/s in Penjwin and Sardasht stations and(2.9)m/s in chwarta station. The lowest wind speed ranges between(1.91)m/s at Chamchamal station and(1.63)m/s at Sulaymaniyah station,while in winter the highest wind speed value is (3.2,2.76)m/s in Penjwin and chwarta stations with the lowest value(1.4,1.5)m/ s for Chamchamal and Sulaymaniyah stations. The results indicate northern eastern areas are the most suitable places to setup wind turbines to generate electricity. The study shows that the average annual wind energy density in the above mentioned stations reached more than 26.35,24.45,14.95 M / W2 throughout the year. From the above results it can be concluded that in the study area there is enough potential to produce electricity from wind energy and setup wind turbines.This can help to overcome the power shortage in Sulaymaniyah governorat .The first section outlines the factors affecting wind speed, direction and distribution.The second section discusses geographical distribution of wind movement in Sulaymaniyah province. The third section id dedicated for data analysis and the possibility of investing it in generating electricity.
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13
Social Science Original Research pp. 320-334
The Analysis of Kurdish EFL Learners’ Interlanguage
Nawzad Hassan Qadir, Aram Hussein Hassan
This study tackles the content of interlanguage produced by Kurdish EFL learners. This new form of language is created by language learners during the stages of language learning. Interlanguage differs from native and target language because it is characterized by errors and deviations which are the benchmark of learners’ progress. The study of interlanguage is crucially important because it discusses the performance of the second and foreign language learning on the one hand; it diagnoses the errors and non-errors on the other. The data of the study have been gathered from two groups of freshman and junior students in two different universities using two different tests; spoken and written tests. The main issue of the study is the investigation of errors found in Kurdish EFL learners’ interlanguage which can be restricted to morphological and syntactic errors. Thus, the study aims at providing a general account for the interlanguage and identifying the form of errors committed by Kurdish learners. The study concludes that the majority of Kurdish EFL learners frequently make morphological and syntactical errors due to the existence of some factors mainly the interference of Kurdish upon their interlanguage.
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14
Social Science Original Research pp. 335-357
The Amendment of Law and Its Necessity
Awat Kamal Hamadamin, Jawad Faqi Ali
Laws are legislated to regulate the life of people. As societies are developed, the customs and traditions are changed too; the relations between individuals are changed as well. The amendment of laws has become inevitable, so the characteristic of amendments is rooted in the legislative process. Sometimes, the path of legislation goes against the followed direction. The life never ends, so the legal texts should not be fixed, otherwise the life would be pointless. There are various forms of law amendments like revoking the legal basis, and terminating its validity either explicitly or implicitly. Deleting, adding or replacing a title or numbering may also be in the form of law amendments. There are many reasons for the amendment, such as including the change in the system of government and the advancement that nations and peoples receive, the separation of a region or province from a country, or replacing the prevailing intellectual tendency in the state. Different sides have the right or the duty to suggest amendment, the main are legislative and executive authorities and the presidents of the countries. The most important sides that suggest amendments are organizations of civil society, and the legislative authority takes into account MA and PhD theses and dissertations, and academic researches too. Amendments to the draft laws are issued by the legislative authority, which consists of a number of members elected by the people. Many conditions must be meet in these members in order to be competent enough to take the responsibility. The conditions include science, culture, and legal. The member should be fluent to be able to enact laws amended as the amendment of laws is an inevitable fact and there is a legitimate rule that entrenches this fact which is ((the changes in laws cannot be denied by the changes of time)). The changing customs are changed according to different times and places and conditions, and therefore the provisions built to care for them vary and change by change The changes in the conditions of human beings is the custom of life and the perpetuation of the situation is impossible, so the amendment of laws is inevitable and necessary, and saying contrary to this is opposite reality and customs of nature since God created Adam to our day.
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15
Social Science Original Research pp. 358-368
Syntactic Templates of the Clause in Central Kurdish According to Role and Reference Grammar
Farzad Khaled Azizi, Salah Babakr Hussein
Clause in Role and Reference Grammar has a layered structure (LS) which is based on two fundamental distinctions: the distinction between the argument and the predicate on the one hand, and the distinction between the argument and the non-argument constituents of the clause on the other hand. The aim of this research is to study the syntactic templates of the clause in Central Kurdish simple sentences according to Role and Reference Grammar. Data are analyzed by following Van Valin´s framework and besides them, the researchers' intuition, as the native speakers of the accent plays a decisive role in evaluating the data. The research´s findings include: categorizing the CKD’s predicates into two groups of verbal and non-verbal predicates, dividing the verbal predicates based on the number of their arguments, defining the non-verbal predicates according to the part of speech of their arguments, and finally, introducing the non-universal elements in CKD’s clause structure.
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16
Social Science Original Research pp. 369-385
Sub-humanising The Others: Cross-Cultural Reception of Films. , Iranian/Western Interpretation of Snyder’s 300
Kovan Hussein Saado
This paper aims to scrutinizes the reception of 300 film (Dir: Snyder, 2007). Debunking the concepts of “immanent meaning”, “autonomous of the text” and other hermeneutics-based interpretations of text, has been renounced for marginalizing the audiences. Within the realm of Reception theory and audience research as audiences are understood to be engaged in a process of making, rather than simply absorbing, meanings; this paper takes an approach of analyzing the cross-cultural making meaning of 300 by looking at Iranian/western interpretation of the film and investigating the data: comments and reviews from weblogs and internet forums as well as the encounter between audiences via Youtube, which have been established anti/pro of the film. Firstly, this paper interrogates the synchronic area of film [film production, distribution, exhibition and journalistic review, and social and historical contexts like economy, law, religion, politics, class, race and ethnicity gender etc] as well as the diachronic areas [academic theory, criticism and history, broadcasting, satellite and cable television, fan culture, the biographical legend and cross-cultural reception. [Klinger, 1997]. Secondly, how the contextual influence on the textual, more precisely how the film has been linked to the political conflict between United Stated and Iran, during the its ‘War on Terror’ in Middle East. Lastly, due to authorial restrictions and media monitoring on the film in Iran only a few number of Iranian audiences likely to have seen the film. The method of data analysis is based on viewer’s responses to a BBC news report uploaded in Youtube about the political controversy between Iran and US on the film. As well as analysing the Iranian diasporas’ E-protesting by establishing website and weblogs against the film.
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17
Social Science Original Research pp. 386-414
The Role of the Executive Power in the Legislative Process Iraqi-Kurdistan region as an Example
Rozhgar Ahmed Mahmood, Shorsh Hassan Omer
The legislative competence is considered to be the core of the parliamentary function, and considered as the most prominent competence of the legislative power, however the principle of the functional independence or the independence of the legislative power in practicing it’s role is not absolute because adjusting the progress of administration requires a kind of connection between the powers that led to the cooperation without override or infringement of the competences. Therefore, the Executive power of the Kurdistan region-Iraq is a main participant in legislative process; furthermore, it became the actual legislator in the comparing systems
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18
Social Science Original Research pp. 415-436
Christians in the Nineveh Plains: Focusing on Possible Self-Governance for Minorities
Zaianddin Mawlood Khidhir, Rostovanyi Zsolt, Zubir Rasool Ahmed
A deeply complicated situation characterizes Mesopotamia and its neighborhood, with a lasting solution to the fate of minorities in the region yet to be comprehended. In this secondary study, the central purpose is to investigate issues and the fate of Christians in the Nineveh Plains, ranging from their dream for self-governance to the displaced nightmare. Particularly, the study seeks to gain insight into prospects of self-governance for minorities, shedding light on some of the platforms that the affected communities could exploit to realize this dream, as well as major hurdles that they might encounter. The study’s specific objectives include the examination of the current degree of success in Iraqi minorities’ quest for self-governance, some of the challenges facing the community, and some of the feasible solutions that are worth embracing. From the findings, some of the challenges facing Iraqi minorities’ quest for self-governance are seen to include the KRG harassment and land seizures and the labelling of Yazidis as Kurds due to political factors, translating into irritation. Another hurdle is that Peshmerga soldiers are an unpredictable threat, especially after they abandoned Yazidi and Christian villages during the onslaught by ISIS. Therefore, self-governance and self-determination are the key factors that would necessitate chances of Iraqi minorities’ survival, but the reconciliation process requires interventions by international organizations such as those in the West, with the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) unexceptional.
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19
Social Science Original Research pp. 437-452
The Impact of Breastfeeding on Breast Cancer Among Women in Sulaimani City
Shadan Yasin Kareem, Atiya Kareem Mohammed
Breastfeeding can reduce the risk for breast cancer. This protective effect seems greater for women who had extended periods of breastfeeding during their lifetime. To find out the impact of breastfeeding with breast cancer among women, a Retrospective case-control study was carried out, from July 2016 to October 2016. Purposive 100 breast cancer cases were compared to 100 women, no family history with breast cancer and marital status, matched hospital-based controls from 20 to 60 years of age married women attending Hiwa Hospital and Medical Emergency Hospital in Sulaimani City. A questionnaire was constructed by the researcher to elicit the detailed information related to study objectives. All subjects were completed as in-person interview technique. Analyzing and interpreting data using the application of descriptive statistical analysis, inferential chi-square test and a multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was employed. The results have revealed that there was an association between breast cancer and, level of education, residence area, BMI, abortion, hormonal contraception , long duration contraception use above 6 years , late age at menopause (≥55 year) , benign breast disease , infertility and older age at first pregnancy (≥30 year). The study concludes that breastfeeding was associated significantly with breast cancer in a result of chi square test generally for breastfeeding (χ2 =13.31, p= 0.00) and particularly (χ2 =24.79, p= 0.00) for exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding did have an impact on breast cancer, according to the model summary table of regression analysis. The R Square to the present study was 0.53%. This indicates that 53.0% of the variance of breast cancer has been determined in breast feeding.
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20
Social Science Original Research pp. 453-472
The use of etymology method of learning second language vocabulary
Muhammed Majeed Saeed, Bakhan Sarhad Abdulrahman
This research is entitled (Using Etymology to Teach Second Language Words). It consists of an introduction and two main parts and conclusions. Overall, this research is about the method of etymology, how it plays an important role in teaching and learning second language words while learning the language in such a way that the word's origin helps the learner to understand the verbal meaning sooner. And to guess the meaning of those words have the same roots. In this study, more of the English word was used, as many English words are available in the root language.. Finally, the results of this study are discussed.
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21
Social Science Original Research pp. 473-493
The Militaristic system in the Principality of Baban
Bakhtyar Mustafa Homar
The Principality of Baban has a long history, which have been through many phases of power, falling, and rising, and along these phases its militaristic system from an era to the other and from a prince to another has changed to a point. But in general the concern of the princes of Baban in the field of military has not only been coherent, by some of them, but each who had the chance wanted to have a huge and powerful army to defend themselves and extend the borders of their Principality. That step has always been in the direction of opposing the Ottoman and Persian Empires, because these two empires never wanted the Principality of Baban to have an army and a prince that would be a threat to them. So in that case the Principality has always faced the charges and conspiracies of these two empires, either by direct charges or by tricking and using the members of the families of Baban Princes against each other, or creating struggle between the Kurdish Principalities. Furthermore, the geopolitic of the Principality of Baban, which was between the Ottoman and the Persian Empires, was a reason for the Principality to be the bordering struggles of both empires and make the Principality of Baban the arena of the liquidation of their contests, and face the instabilities of politics, economy, community, and military to the Principality. The tribal and feudalistic situation that was customary in Kurdistan, was effective in establishing the army of Principality of Baban, in a way that the soldiers and knights of the tribes were the backbone of the army.
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22
Social Science Original Research pp. 494-520
The symptoms Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Yazidi women displaced Sharya camp in Dhok
Jwan Farhan Wasman, Maha Hassan Bakir
Background: The so-called “Islamic State” slaughtered the Yazidis in 2014 on Sinjar, when it was marked by utmost violence including genocidal acts against the Yazidis population. This study aims to investigate the symptoms Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Yezidi women displaced in Sharya camp in dhouk. Methods: The present study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 - 2020. The population comprised of displaced Yazidi women (14 - 53 years old) in sharya Camp of Dohuk. The sample included 60 displaced women, (30) Survivors and (30) displace. The study has used the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) that constructed according to DSM-5 2013. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS-22. Results: There is an average level of the PTSD symptoms among displaced Yazidi women. There are no statistically significant differences in PTSD symptoms according to the (age, Education, and marital status) among .There are statistically significant differences in PTSD symptoms according to type of status: (survivor and displaced) among displaced Yazidi women, in favor of the survivors.
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23
Social Science Original Research pp. 521-540
A Genre Analysis of Kurdish Death Announcement Notices
Leila Hameed Muhammad
The present paper examines the genre of death announcement notices (DANs) in Kurdish. Those notices have been regularly used but never been subject to an academic investigation in the context of Kurdish language. This study aims at outlining the linguistic structure of DANs as well as the socio-cultural influences that contribute to their final composition. To illustrate the basic components of the notices, some 60 samples of women and men DANs or funeral posters, which were hanged in different locations such as mosques and major intersections of the research area were collected and analyzed using Swale’s (1990) genre move analysis. The analysis revealed three moves, namely, Signaling the Event, Identifying the Deceased and Funeral Arrangements as the obligatory components of the DANs in Kurdish. The notices were to some extent grounded in Islamic and Arabic traditions. Traces of gender bias were found in the corpus.
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24
Social Science Original Research pp. 541-566
The Role of Social Media in Socialization
Dana Fadhil Mohammed, Tahir Hassu Zebari
This research seeks to find the relation between the concepts of (socialization, political awareness, and social media), Then, it focuses on the first emergence of social Medias, for finding the properties and the importance of their role in the social relations and people’s lives. After that, we want to know to what extent the social relationship has the effect on the political awareness of the individuals and what happens next, is there a reason for the people to ask for their rights, or the world leader’s abuse this factor for their interest. In (2020) around (15) years on the appearance of social medias, This means the companies have collected the data fifteen years of their users from the picture, video, click, post, share, location, job, Hobby, etc. It has expected that via the analysis of the data, before the election the political background of the people is going to be known. Furthermore, their lifestyle is is going to be known. This leads to political change all over the world.
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25
Social Science Original Research pp. 567-591
Color in Dramatic Text
Manswr Nahman Najim
The research includes four topics. In topic one, research problem is addressed through formulating the query, how color would be employed in dramatic text. The importance of the research was demonstrated as an indication of the various aesthetic and critical readings of the dramatic texts, that grants renewed life in different understandings. One central goal was identified, exposing chromatic diversity in the texture of dramatic text. As for the objective limit, it was: Variation of color and movement in the structure of the dramatic text. Topic two has two axes: 1- Words & color symbol, in which the color schemes were addressed as an integral part of the effectiveness of the dramatic text. 2- Color and significance. The semantics of the text are unlimited, but completely open to different understandings, because they push it to formulate a new meaning, which may be completely different from its familiar meaning. In topic 3 three texts were deliberately chosen from the research community: 1- Richard III, by Shakespeare 2- When Moon Faded, by Singh2 3- Little Eylof, by Ibsen3 The sample was analyzed under the shed of descriptive analytical approach, while its tool was observation and the resulting theoretical framework. The sample is analyzed within the following axes Chromatic Characterization Chromatic contrast. 2 -Personal heroine color3 Color metaphor4 Results discussed at topic 4, such conclusions emerged 1- The dominant color in the dramatic text is in a specific color, and may be in two specific colors 2- Color forms a deep structure in dramatic text. 3-Dramatic space pairs with the psychological color of the hero. A recommendation was made and the research was concluded with a list of sources and references.
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26
Social Science Original Research pp. 592-615
The Methods historical writing At European historians In the Age Crusades
Ahmed Radha Ahmed, Sozan Faisal Abdulrahman
The Eastern Islamic world was for a fairly long time under influence European campaigns one by one, which influenced the method of writing history at the Europeans in that era or later.One of the most dramatic phenomena of the medieval phenomena of elite appearance. It is noticeable that a group of great historians with views and analysis of historical events, especially in the period of the Crusades when Europeans were writing against Muslims, especially in Egypt and Levant. At the beginning of these campaigns appeared many famous historians, where their writings receive attention from researchers In their writings, a large part of these events became the focus of the readers of generations that came after them.In this research we tried to shed light on the approach and accuracy of the ideas and opinions of these historians in addition to the extent of their credibility or bias or neutrality as historians. This research divided into several sections. The first section highlights the method of writing the history of Europeans during the crusade. The second section deals with the methodology of writing history by European historians during the period of the first crusade to the fourth crusade. In the third section, the methodology of writing the history of European historians during the period of the fourth crusade was highlighted to the seventh Crusade. In the fourth section, the method of writing history was highlighted by European historians during the period of the seventh crusade.
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27
Social Science Original Research pp. 616-644
Post Occupancy Evaluation of Internal Spaces Sufficiency In Multi-Family Housing
Mand Ibrahim Aziz, Bilind Ramadan Omar
Multi-family housing had been considered as an optimum solution to cover the housing need in Duhok city. Therefore, this type of housing structure should be designed based on standards established by authorities to be proper to family criteria. So the research problem is, some parameters of spaces sufficiency in multi-family housing did not follow the standards, and this led to resident’s dissatisfaction. This study aims to compare the number and size of spaces in dwellings as the main parameters of space sufficiency with housing technical standards for Iraq, and it attempts to evaluate these parameters from the resident’s satisfaction view by using the post-occupancy evaluation method. Cases study are multi-family housing settlements implemented by the investment sector in Duhok city. The methodology is based on a questionnaire survey for data collection. Results from data analysis show that most of the internal spaces sufficiency parameters are exceeded the standards, except the size of internal storage, which had been neglected in most of the dwellings’ design. The results also illustrate that there is a significant relationship between the level of resident’s satisfaction and the sufficiency of dwelling spaces, while the critical factor that has the highest contribution in predicting the satisfaction of overall dwelling size is the number of bedrooms. Finally, the study recommends that housing technical standards for Iraq should be adopted as a guideline for dwellings’ design regarding the number and size of internal spaces to minimize the waste in the dwelling areas and reduce the prices while increasing the value of dwellings in order to have a more affordable housing and sustainable living condition in multi-family housing projects in Duhok city.
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28
Social Science Original Research pp. 645-671
The Critical Approaches in University Theses Concerned With Modern Arab Poetry in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (2003-2013)
Kani Majid Khdir, Sami Naji Swadi
The curriculum comes at the forefront of the procedures concerned with academic writing, and most of it needs to be scrutinized and scrutinized in its work, as the application of critical curricula and how to address literary texts requires the critic to take his own course that defines the course of criticism in it, accordingly the study monitored the completed university theses On Modern Arab Poetry in the Universities of the Region (2003-2013), to show the features of those critical practices if they literally applied or departed from the monetary approaches followed, and how it is going to build a specific and specific monetary framework that has certain aspects that bring it together with different samples, and its ability Rest assured The reader on her methods.
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29
Social Science Original Research pp. 672-700
Negative Washback of 12th Grade Baccalaureate English Language Exam in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Jamal Ali Omar
The current study deals with the phenomenon of washback ‘the effect of examination on teaching/learning’, especially the negative type of washback. It is thought that the 12th Grade Baccalaureate English Language Exam washback replaced teaching to ‘teaching to the test’; teaching is directed towards passing the test rather than learning the target language. The current English language teaching in Kurdistan Region/Iraq has changed to fulfill the final exam demands. This study investigated the negative type of washback in that teaching/learning context. To this end, data was collected from both English language teachers through questionnaire, and by analyzing the 12th grade English language exam sheets. Results obtained show that the 12th Grade Exam negative washback, which occurred due to the testing technique type, affected the teachers/learners to shift their focus from learning the language to prepare the students to pass the exam. It was also found that there was a strong correlation between English language classroom teaching and assessment practices. The pedagogical implication of the study is that there is a problem which needs to be urgently handled. It is recommended that the test should use a different technique to assess the participants’ writing, speaking and listening skills besides their reading skill and grammatical knowledge.
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30
Social Science Original Research pp. 701-715
A Look Into The Historical Novel
Jutiar Omer Salih, Hama Dler Amin Mohammad, Kawan Othman Arif
The historical novel— also referred to as ‘historical fiction’ in this paper— is a popular genre of literature and currently one of the rich areas for research within the fields of literature and literary criticism. Although historical novels are usually densely written and filled with factual details, they can effectively bring a historic period to life in engaging and memorable ways. Historical fiction has received so much attention over the years and it has been greatly discussed by scholars, yet one can hardly find a comprehensive definition for it that includes all the characteristics of the genre. This paper investigates the reasons behind this and analyzes some of the definitions of historical fiction in an attempt to form a working definition for the genre. It also studies whether research guarantees the success of a historical work of fiction or not. The paper also explains the purposes behind the production of historical fiction. Clearly, this genre has a long history in world literature also and to have a thorough understanding of it, one may need to look at its background and key practitioners as well. A section of this paper attempts to do that in detail. Besides all the difference historical fiction has made to the world of literature as well as the lives of its readers, several of its aspects have been criticized by scholars. Looking at the criticism is another way to better understand this particular type of narrative.
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